VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: WEIGHT GAINS IN THE FTRST DAYS AFTER BIRTH AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH LATER PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
DAVID FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Piglets from 42 litters of Yorkshire sows were weighed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after farrowing in order to explore the highly variable weight gains during the first 2 wk after birth. All litters were adjusted to 10–12 piglets by fostering. Litters differed greatly in average gain per piglet during the first 3 d after farrowing, with litter means ranging from 5 to 227 g d−1 per piglet for the 3-d period. Gains during days 0–3 tended to be somewhat lower if the sow had a high body temperature during these days, but the correlation was not high (r = −0.35; P < 0.05). Compared to litters with high average gains during days 0–3, litters with low gains during this period continued to have lower average gains during days 3–14 (P < 0.05) and had higher within-litter variation in gain (P < 0.01). On a within-litter basis, weight gain during the first days after farrowing was only weakly correlated with the day 14 weight of individual piglets. Low average gain by a litter in the first 3 d after birth is probably due to low initial milk yield by the sow, and likely indicates a poor start to the sow's lactation. Early identification of litters with low initial gains might allow remedial action to reduce the problems of high mortality and low, variable gains later in lactation. Key words: Piglet, body weight, suckling behavior, agalactia, mortality

ONTOGENY OF TEAT FIDELITY IN PIGS AND ITS RELATION TO COMPETITION AT SUCKLING

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE MARIE B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
JEFFREY RUSHEN ◽  
THOMAS G. HARTSOCK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

The suckling behavior of 55 piglets from six litters was observed daily from birth to 10 d of age to describe the development of teat preference, teat fidelity and teat disputes and to relate these to weight gain. The percentage of piglets suckling from only one teat pair on each day increased from less than 5% on day 1 to 85% on day 10. By 3 d of age, the piglets had chosen their preferred teat pair, since 75% kept the same preferred teat pair between 3 and 10 d of age. The mean percent of nursings on the preferred teat pair increased from 50 to 86% during the first 3 d, and reached 95% on day 10. Teat disputes were most frequent on day 1 and missed nursings most frequent on day 2; frequency of both decreased as the piglets aged. On day 1, piglets that won most of their teat disputes suckled more frequently and had greater 3-d weight gains. After day 1, piglets that gained more weight were more consistent in the use of their preferred teat, pair, had fewer teat disputes and missed fewer nursings. Success at teat disputes was not related to weight gain after day 3. Typically, piglets suckled successfully; most of the variation in suckling behavior was due to the existence of "problem" pigs that were inconsistent in their use of teats, and were involved in teat disputes and missed nursings. Anterior teats were used more often. Piglets suckling from teats in the middle of the udder had a lower teat fidelity than those suckling at either end. Piglets suckling anterior teats gained more weight only between days 4 and 6. This effect disappeared once initial body weight and missed nursings were accounted for. We suggest that a high level of teat fidelity is an advantage to piglets because it reduces teat disputes and the chance of missing nursings. Key words: Piglet, suckling behavior, weight gain, teat order, fighting, teat disputes

scholarly journals Milk Yield and Composition of Mixed-Breed Goats on Rangeland during the Dry Season and the Effect on the Growth of Their Progeny

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Flores-Najera ◽  
Venancio Cuevas-Reyes ◽  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sergio Beltrán-López ◽  
César A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Mixed Breed

We tested whether the milk yield capacity of mixed-breed goats on a Chihuahuan desert rangeland in northern Mexico during the dry season affects milk composition, body weight gain, and weaning weight of their progeny. Milk yield and composition, and progeny postnatal growth performance, were recorded weekly. One week after kidding, mixed-breed goats (a mixture of Criollo × dairy breeds; n = 40) were allotted into medium (MP) or low (LP) milk yielding groups (20 goats per group). Mean 105-d total milk yield for MP and LP goats was 45.2 ± 12.5 and 20.7 ± 5.2 L, respectively. Milk lactose (4.3 vs. 4.2%) and solids-non-fat (SNF; 8.2 vs. 8.0) differed (p < 0.05) between MP and LP goats; milk protein content tended to differ (p = 0.08) between MP and LP goats with no difference for milk fat content (p > 0.05). Maternal body weight was positively associated with milk yield, milk lactose, and SNF content (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Goats giving birth to males produce more milk than goats giving birth to females, but milk fat percentage was higher in goats bearing females (p < 0.001). Milk yield and composition throughout lactation did not influence body weight gain (47.8 vs. 48.7 g/day for kids from MP and LP goats) and weaning weight (6.7 vs. 6.7 kg from MP and LP goats) of the offspring (p > 0.05). Birth weight and weaning weight of the progeny were positively related to maternal body weight (p ≤ 0.05). The postnatal growth of the kids was reduced, extending the time to reach market weight. Nevertheless, non-supplemented mixed-breed goats reared on semi-arid rangeland of northern Mexico have the potential for moderate milk production. Therefore, due to the limited nutrients ingested by grazing goats during the dry season, a nutritional supplement is necessary to keep up milk production and adequate growth of kids.

SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF THE DWARF CHICKEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJARATNAM ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Dwarf Chicken

A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of hypothyroidism as an explanation for the smaller body size and lower metabolic activity of the recessive sex-linked dwarf chicken. A significant increase in body weight gain and feed intake for dwarf chicks with little change in these parameters for normal chicks receiving a diet supplemented with Protamone (brand name for iodinated casein) suggests a hypothyroidic state for the dwarfs. Similarly, a significantly lower body temperature, oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate with a higher percentage of carcass fat in dwarf chicks as compared with normal ones supports the above hypothesis. Protamone supplementation of the diet increased body temperature and metabolic rate, and altered the carcass composition of the dwarfs to values closer to that of normal chicks, again suggesting a low thyroxine output for the dwarfs.

A study of the lactation and growth of hill sheep in their native environment and under lowland conditions

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Ewe's Milk ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
High Repeatability

1. A method is described suitable for the estimation of the milk yield of sheep under natural grazing conditions.2. The yields obtained from Welsh Mountain sheep in two environments are shown.3. A close but diminishing relationship is shown to exist between the milk yield of the ewe and the growth of the lamb. Evidence is given of the effect of milk yield at later stages.4. The estimation of the ewe's milk yield from the weight of the young lamb is discussed. These estimates are used in conjunction with actual milk records in the present study.5. The ewe's milk yield is shown to be significantly related to nutrition, body weight, udder size and the lamb's birth weight.6. The relation of milk yield to weight gain during lactation, fleece weight and fleece type were mainly non-significant.7. From the limited data available, it seems that milk yield has a fairly high repeatability and heritability.

Whole canola/pea and whole canola/canola meal blends in diets for broiler chickens 2. Determination of optimal inclusion levels

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. O. Fasina ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Finisher Diets

Whole canola/pea (WCP, 1:1 wt/wt) or whole canola/canola meal (WCC, 3:1 wt/wt) were heat-processed using a commercial pellet mill prior to incorporation in broiler starter (0–20 d) and finisher diets (20–40 d). The pelleted blends readily disintegrated in the preparation of the mash diets. Body weight gain of broilers (0–40 d) fed WCP (0, 10, 20, or 30%) or WCC (0, 5, 10, or 15%) declined linearly with level of dietary inclusion (P < 0.01). Feed intake declined curvilinearly (P < 0.01) with both blends, with lower intake most apparent at the higher inclusion levels. Feed/gain increased for broilers fed WCP or WCC (P < 0.01). Overall broiler mortality declined incrementally with inclusion of WCP (P < 0.07) or WCC (P < 0.03) in the diet. Although there was no distinct limitation on the dietary inclusion levels of either blend, the low feed intake with broilers fed 15% WCC indicated that its level should not exceed 10% of the diet. Key words: Canola seed, canola meal, peas, broiler chickens

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Body Weight Gain, Heterophile-Lymphocite Ratio and Body Temperature in Broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugito S ◽  
Mira Delima
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Reduced Body

Increasing in ambient temperature inside the cage could lead to heat stress in broilers. This research was conducted to find out effects of heat stress on body weight gain, heterophile-lymphocite ratio and body temperature in chicken broiler. Twenty broilers aged 20 days (strain Cobb) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with no heat stress, the second one was caged in 33±1 0C temperature for 4 hours per day for 14 days. The results indicated that heat stress reduced body weight gain, increased body temperature, and changed behavior, but no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and heterophile-lymphocyte ratio. It suggested that the heat stress caused detrimental effects on broiler chicken.

scholarly journals Post-castration variations in weight gain in a cohort of young adult male cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfreda Wei ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe predisposition of cats to gain weight following neutering is well established; however, there is little information about the distribution and range of post-neutering weight gains observed in cats under a controlled environment. This retrospective study investigated 6-month post-castration weight gain and distribution of percentage body weight (BW) change in a cohort of twenty, male domestic shorthair cats relative to a control group of intact cats. Cats were matched in age (2·0–2·6 years), husbandry conditions and consumed ad libitum the same dry maintenance diet for at least 3 months prior to and 6 months following castration. All cats were castrated within 48 h of each other. All cats gained weight after castration. Mean BW was 4·67 (sd 0·70) kg at the start of the study and 5·93 (sd 1·38) kg at the end of the study, with individual weight gain ranging 3–53 % at 6 months post-neutering. The pre-conception BW of the queens of each cat was compared with the pre- and post-neutering BW of their offspring. The pre-conception BW of the queens was significantly correlated with the offspring's initial BW (ρ = 0·65, P = 0·01), final BW (ρ = 0·67, P = 0·01) and percentage BW change (ρ = 0·54, P = 0·04). A wide range of post-castration weight gains was observed among cats of similar backgrounds and housing conditions. Implementation of effective methods to control food consumption pre-conception and post-neutering may be a strategy for preventing obesity and obesity-related disorders in cats.

Effect of insulin on the concentration of glucose and hormones in serum and milk yield of postpartum ewes

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Pope ◽  
D. M. Hallford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity

Eighteen mature Debouillet ewes with single lambs received either 0, 0.25 or 0.50 IU Lente insulin per kilogram body weight per day on days 11 through 20 postpartum. Hourly blood samples were obtained from 1 h before to 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20. Serum insulin concentration was increased by 1 h after insulin injection on day 11 and was accompanied by a decrease in serum glucose concentration. By 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20, serum glucose and insulin in ewes receiving 0.25 IU insulin had returned to control levels. Exogenous insulin did not induce ovarian cyclicity. Key words: Sheep, insulin, postpartum, anestrus, prolactin, somatotropin

Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MRH Rakib ◽  
M Yesmin ◽  
M Ershaduzamman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50

scholarly journals Enhanced attraction to blood by pigs with inadequate dietary protein supplementation

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fraser ◽  
D. E. Bernon ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

In two experiments, 60 individually penned growing pigs were exposed daily to two sections of cotton cord, one of which had been soaked with pigs' blood and subsequently dried, while the other was plain. The animals' preference for chewing on the blood-impregnated cord was quantified by direct observation. When fed a standard "control" diet of corn, barley, and soybean meal with mineral and vitamin supplements, the pigs had a clear but modest preference for chewing the blood-impregnated cord. Omission of the protein supplement (soybean meal) from the diet for 4 wk led to a major increase in attraction to blood and a significant reduction in body weight gain. In the second experiment, supplementation of this "negative" diet with (a) synthetic lysine, or (b) synthetic lysine and other synthetic amino acids, led to weight gains that were intermediate between those seen with the control and negative diets. Attraction to blood was also intermediate on average, although not significantly lower than that seen with the negative diet. Pigs on the diets supplemented with amino acids had highly variable weight gains. Those that gained as rapidly as the controls had relatively low attraction to blood, while those showing clear depression of gain tended to (but did not always) have enhanced attraction to blood. It is hypothesized that the depression of growth caused by inadequate protein nutrition predisposed the animals to enhanced attraction to blood, and that such a relationship may help to explain the widely reported link between dietary inadequacies and tail-biting. Key words: Pigs, tail-biting, abnormal behavior, amino acids, protein, weight gain, growth

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