INFLUENCE DE LA NATURE DES GAZONS ET DE LA FUMURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITE DES PATURAGES POUR BOUVILLONS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
G. LALANDE ◽  
L. LACHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Heavy Nitrogen

A comparison of herbage dry matter (DM) yields and steer body weight gains from ladino clover, timothy, or grass pastures was carried out. Heavy and moderate fertilizer application rates were used. Stocking rates of 1.85 and 3.70 yearling beef steers per hectare were used on the moderately and heavily fertilized plots, respectively. There was less seasonal variation in DM yield on the heavily fertilized than on the moderately fertilized pastures. However, rate of fertilizer application had little effect on total DM production. Steer body weight gains/ha were substantially greater for the heavily fertilized than for the moderately fertilized pastures. These differences were relatively small if allowance is made for the surplus silage and hay produced. Herbage DM yields and steer gains/ha were greater for nitrogen-fertilized grass pastures than were those for ladino-timothy pastures. The nitrate nitrogen content of herbage did not reach a toxic level despite heavy nitrogen application rates.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

scholarly journals PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE SWARDS WITH AND WITHOUT NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Forage mixtures of grasses alone, legumes alone or both were compared for pasture productivity using replicated plots grazed by beef steers for three grazing seasons. Each forage mixture was grown without nitrogen fertilization or with 140 kg/ha per year of nitrogen applied in five equal applications. The highest yields of forage dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN), calculated from animal maintenance requirements and body weight gains, were from the grass-legume sward with nitrogen, 8479 kg/ha dry matter and 2514 kg of TDN/ha. The lowest were from grass without nitrogen, 5029 kg/ha dry matter and 1809 kg TDN/ha. Application of nitrogen had little effect on TDN production from legume swards, but significantly increased that from the grass and grass-legume swards. The average responses to nitrogen for all swards over the three-year experiment were 42, 367 and 431 kg of TDN/ha for the legume, grass-legume, and grass swards, respectively. This was sufficient to double the monetary returns on the grass sward and return one and one-half as much on the grass-legume sward.

Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
RT Cowan ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

Dry matter production by a subtropical grass (Makarikari grass) grown in association with a temperate annual legume (barrel medic) and nitrogen fertilizer in southern Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Lloyd ◽  
TB Hilder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cutting Experiment

The effects of a temperate annual legume, barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) cv. Cyprus, and five levels of fertilizer nitrogen (N), from 0 to 400 kg/ha.year, on the dry matter (DM) production and N economy of Makarikari grass (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense) cv. Pollock, were investigated in a cutting experiment between 1973 and 1979. Each year, N fertilizer on grass alone increased both DM production and N uptake, up to N application rates of 200 and 400 kg/ha.year respectively. The mean annual effect of medic was to increase DM production and N uptake of associated grass each year by 90 and 130% respectively, and of the grass-medic system by 230 and 530%, respectively, for fertilizer rates between 0 and 100 kg N/ha.year. The increased DM production of associated grass occurred in summer and autumn; grass DM production was suppressed in spring, probably by competition with the medic. A trend for the DM yield of grass grown without medic to decline with time was most evident in the treatment without N fertilizer; in the comparable grass-medic pasture, grass DM production was as great in the sixth year as in the first. Medic DM yield varied with winter season rainfall. When the study concluded, the amount of N in the soil (0-10 cm depth) was higher after grassmedic than grass alone, except at the highest level of N fertilizer application. It was estimated that medic had fixed about 71 kg N/ha.year.

Anhydrous ammonia-treated whole-crop barley for beef steers

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Barley Grains

ABSTRACTWhole-crop barley (cv. Midas) was harvested when the grain dry matter (DM) reached 640 g/kg and was treated with either anhydrous ammonia at 40 g/kg DM or propionic acid (30 g/kg DM) and stored in polythene-lined tower silos. Anhydrous ammonia and propionic acid preserved the early harvested barley whole crop but distribution of ammonia through the silos was not uniform. Coefficients of DM and starch losses from whole grains separated from the ammonia- or propionic acid-treated whole crops or from rolled barley grains and suspended in the rumen of steers in nylon bags weqe, after 42 h incubation 0.73,0.85,0.26,0.21 and 0.78,0.96 respectively. Coefficients of digestibility of the ammonia-treated (AWC), of the propionic acid-treated (PWC) whole crops and of a diet of rolled barley and ammonia-treated straw (RB) with the same grain to straw DM proportion as that in the whole crops were 0·62 (AWC), 0·55 (PWC) and 0K57 (RB). Daily live-weight gains (kg/day) of 350 kg Hereford × Friesian steers offered the diets for up to 100 days were 0·33 (AWC), ·0·61 (PWC) and 0·74 (RB) and DM feed intakes (kg/day) were 4·7,3·4 and 7·6 respectively.

Influence of phosphorus content on feed intake and weight gain in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ozanne ◽  
DB Purser ◽  
KMW Howes ◽  
I Southey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In two experiments penned sheep were fed the dry residues from subterranean clover based pastures. Phosphorus levels in the pelleted residues, produced by varying the rate of superphosphate application, ranged from 0.07 to 0.23 per cent. In addition, a high phosphorus ration was produced by the addition of inorganic phosphate salts. This supplement raised the phosphorus concentration from 0.07 to 0.30 per cent of dry matter. In both experiments, increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the dry feed by higher fertilizer rates resulted in: increased dry matter intake; increased percentage of dry matter digested (at least in one experiment) ; more phosphorus retained by the sheep (although on feed containing 0.1 1 per cent phosphorus or less, losses still exceeded gains) ; and increased body weight gains. Increasing the phosphorus content of the feed by use of an inorganic supplement gave: a smaller increase in dry matter intake; decreased digestibility; positive phosphorus balances; and an increase in body weight gain of about half that given by unsupplemented feed high in phosphorus. The results indicate that for maximum animal production, phosphorus concentrations needed in the dry feed are higher than those produced by fertilizing legume-based pastures at the lowest rate that gives maximum dry matter production. Near linear responses in body weight gains were obtained up to phosphate fertilizer rates of about three times those needed for maximum pasture yield.

scholarly journals 263 Interaction between stocking and supplementation rates on the performance of steers grazing mixed-grass prairie during winter

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Stacey A Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract To evaluate the effects of stocking and supplementation rates on steers grazing mixed-grass prairie during winter, 16 pastures (10 to 21 ha each) were selected and treatments were arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial design; the first factor was an stocking rate of 39.4, 33.2, and 29.7 animal-unit-d/ha harvested over 88 d of grazing; the second factor was supplementation at 0.9 or 1.4 kg/d. Steers were fed a 43% CP cottonseed meal-based pellet. Pastures were stocked annually in late January (2009, 2010, and 2011) with British x Continental crossbred beef steers (body weight = 202 ± 6.7 kg; n = 137 steers/yr) at stocking densities described above. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with pasture as the experimental unit and year as a random variable; least-squares means were separated with linear and quadratic contrast. From late-January to mid-March, average daily gain (ADG, kg) did not differ (P = 0.13) among stocking rates, but ADG differed (P = 0.01) between 0.9 and 1.4 kg of supplement/d. From mid-March to late-April and over the entire grazing period, ADG responded to stocking rate and interacted (P &lt; 0.01) with supplementation rate; ADG tended to respond quadratically (P ≤ 0.09) to stocking rate at 0.9 kg/d of supplementation, but with 1.4 kg/d of supplement ADG was not affected (P ≥ 0.18). Body weight gain per hectare tended (P &lt; 0.08) to interact between stocking and supplementation rates. With 0.9 kg/d of supplement the BW gain per hectare increased quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) in response to increasing stocking rate, where supplementation at 1.4 kg/d resulted in BW gain per hectare increasing linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Optimal supplementation rates with high-protein feeds is related to stocking rate. At lower stocking rates, less supplement seems to be most beneficial. At higher stocking rates, more supplement is justified.

Variation in body-weight gains of beef steers following hormone administration,.

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Long Acting

Three-year-old Hereford steers on winter pasture were implanted with 30 mg or 60 mg hexoestrol or two dosage levels of a paste formulation containing long-acting testosterone, progesterone, and oestradiol. In the 11- week experimental period all treated groups made significantly greater gains than controls (average gain, 0.93 Ib. a day), but in addition, variation in response differed between treatments. The importance of this aspect of hormonally-induced growth of cattle is discussed.

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