Electrochemical studies of molten salt mixtures. I. The electromotive forces of concentration cells with transference containing the molten electrolytesystems PbBr2 + CsBr, PbBr2 + RbBr, and PbBr2 + KBr

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
AJ Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
Concentration Cells

The e.m.f.'s of concentration cells with transference (i.e. with liquid junction), containing the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2+CsBr, PbBr2+RbBr, and PbBr2+KBr, have been measured as functions of temperature and electrolyte composition. The cell e.m.f.'s have been found to vary with temperature and electrolyte composition in a discontinuous manner: graphs of cell e.m.f. against temperature are in general a number of intersecting straight lines, as are graphs of cell e.m.f. against the negative logarithm of the mole fraction of one component.

Electrochemical studies of molten salts. III. E.M.F.'s of concentration cells with transference and diffusion potentials for PbCl2+CsCl mixtures

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2649
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
AJ Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Diffusion Potentials ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Concentration Cells

The e.m.f.'s of concentration cells with transference containing PbC12 + CsCl molten mixtures have been measured as functions of temperature and electrolyte composition. Graphs of cell e.m.f. against temperature are sets of intersecting straight lines, as are graphs of cell e.m.f. against the negative logarithm of the mole fraction of PbCl2. Diffusion potentials for junctions between pure molten PbCl2 and molten PbCl2 + CsCl mixtures have been determined, as functions of temperature and mixture composition. The results are interpreted to indicate the existence of complex lead-chloride ionic species in the mixtures.

Electrochemical studies of molten salts. IV. Electromotive forces of concentration cells with transference and diffusion potentials for PbCl2+KCl mixtures

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Easteal ◽  
SJ Heron
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Diffusion Potentials ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Concentration Cells

The e.m.f.'s of concentration cells with transference containing PbCl2+KCl molten mixtures have been measured as functions of temperature and electrolyte composition, and compared with previously published data. Graphs of cell e.m.f. against temperature are sets of intersecting straight lines, as are graphs of cell e.m.f. against the negative logarithm of the mole fraction of PbCl2. ��� Diffusion potentials for junctions between pure PbCl2 and PbCl2+KCl mixtures have been evaluated, as functions of temperature and mixture composition. ��� The interpretation of the results supports the hypothesis of the existence of complex lead-chloro ionic species in the electrolytes.

Activity Coefficients and Excess Molar Gibbs Functions of Liquid Alkali Halide + Silver Halide Mixtures at Varying Temperature and Composition

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105
Author(s):  
J. Richter ◽  
R. Conradt ◽  
R. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Thermodynamic Factor ◽  
Gibbs Function ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Concentration Cells

In certain temperature ranges, the e.m.f. of binary molten salt concentration cells without transference can be described by a mole fraction expansion with three constants depending linearly on temperature.With the six constants it is possible to calculate the activity coefficients, the thermodynamic factor, and the excess molar Gibbs function of liquid alkali halide + silver halide mixtures at given temperatures and compositions. The precision of the representation corresponds to an accuracy in the e.m.f. data of 0.5 mV to 1.2 mV.

Molten salt mixtures. XI. Integral and partial molar volumes in the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, PbCl2 + CsCl, CdCl2 + RbCl, and CdCl2 + CsCl

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
PWD Boyd ◽  
JL Laver ◽  
J Wong
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Salt Systems

The densities of molten PbCl2, CsCl, and RbCl and of the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, PbCl2 + CsCl, CdCl2 + RbCl, and CdCl, + CsCl have been measured to an accuracy of �0.1% by an Archimedean method over a considerable temperature range. Integral and partial molar volume isotherms have been constructed for the above binary systems and are interpreted to show that complex ions are formed in all but the PbCl2+NaCl system.

Molten salt mixtures. X. The thermochemistry of the binary molten salt systems CdCl2+PbCl2, CdCl2+NaCl, CdCl2+KCI, PbCl2+NaCl, PbCl2-KCl, and CdI2+KI

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
SB Tricklebank
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Solution Calorimeter ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
The Enthalpy Of Formation

The enthalpy change on cooling molten and solid salts and their mixtures from temperatures as high as 850� down to 26.9� has been measured by means of a Bunsen-type fusion calorimeter. The enthalpy of formation of solid mixtures has also been measured using a water solution calorimeter. From the combined results, heats of mixing have been determined for the molten salt systems investigated. In each system, with the exception of CdCl2 + PbCl2, the process of mixing is exothermic and the relative magnitude of the results can be explained by the formation of complex ions in the systems CdC12 +NaCl, CdCl2 +KCl, PbCl2 +KCl, and CdI2 +KI. Complex ions have not been detected in the other systems.

The electrical conductance of the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, and PbCl2 + CsCl

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
CJ Macky
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Salt Systems

The specific conductances of molten mixtures of PbC12+MCl (M = Na, Rb, Cs) have been measured as functions of composition and temperatures from 800�C (or in some cases 850�C) to within a few degrees of the liquidus. The system PbCl2+CsCl exhibits a pronounced maximum of activation energy for conductance at 0.67 mole fraction CsCl. Equivalent conductances of the systems have been calculated and have been plotted against atomic ratio of Pb/Cl. An attempt has been made to explain the conductance results on the basis of the transport theory of Adam and Gibbs. The results are best explained by the presence in the PbCl2+RbCl and PbCl2+CsCl systems of complex ions of formula PbCl42-.

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