Qualification of bumping processes: Experimental and numerical investigations on mechanical stress and failure modes induced by shear test

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Gallois-Garreignot ◽  
Naceur Benzima ◽  
Etienne Benmussa ◽  
Caroline Moutin ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Investigations

Effects of Tooling Tip Wear and Fixture Rigidity on Solder Ball Shear and Ball Pull Tests

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fubin Song ◽  
S. W. Ricky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Rigid Plate ◽  
Ball Shear ◽  
Pull Test ◽  
Pull Strength ◽  
Ball Shear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pull Tests

The present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of ball shear tool wear and fixture rigidity on ball shear and ball pull tests respectively. In particular, the emphasis is placed on understanding the progressive failure mechanism during the ball shear test. The location of crack initiating is investigated on two kinds of shear tool with different wear features. In this paper, the experimental investigation is presented. Specimens with PBGA solder balls are fabricated and a series of ball shear and pull tests are conducted. In the shear test, the shear tool is stopped at a certain stage during test, and then the specimens are inspected by SEM. The failure modes and location of cracks are characterized. From the ball attachment strength and crack location of the ball shear test, no significant difference is found between the shear tools with different wear features. For investigating the effect of fixture rigidity on the ball pull test, two kinds of PBGA package with different sizes was fixed on the fixtures with and without gluing on a rigid plate. The failure modes and ball pull strength with different fixture rigidity were compared. The test results indicate that more brittle failures are found on the specimens without gluing on the rigid plate during the ball pull test, both on two kinds of package with different sizes. In addition, the data scattering of ball pull strength is large on the case without gluing on rigid plate.

Experimental Study on Interlaminar Shear Properties of T300/BMI Composite Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Zong Hong Xie ◽  
Hai Han Liu ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Jun Feng Sun ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Test Fixture ◽  
Iosipescu Shear Test ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

A modified test fixture to measure the shear properties of composite laminates was designed and manufactured based upon Iosipescu shear test method. Tests on interlaminar shear propertis of T300/BMI composite laminates were conducted according to ASTM D 5379 test standard. Interlaminar shear stress/strain curves and shear failure modes were obtained. The test results showed that the modified shear test fixture and test method were effective in measuring the shear properties of composite laminates.

Effect of multiple reflows on mechanical strength of the interface formed between Sn–Zn–Bi solder and Au/Ni/Cu bond pad

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sharif ◽  
Y.C. Chan ◽  
H.W. Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Ball Grid Array ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Reflow Temperature ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Interfacial Intermetallic Compounds

In this work, the shear strengths and interfacial reactions of Sn–8Zn–3Bi and Sn–8Zn–1Bi (wt%) solders with Au/Ni/Cu ball grid array (BGA) pad metallization were systematically investigated after multiple reflows. The peak reflow temperature was fixed at 230 °C. After the shear test, fracture surfaces were investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Cross-sectional studies of the interfaces were also conducted to correlate with the fracture surfaces. Two failure modes, ball cut and pad lift, were assessed for the different solders and reflow cycles. It was found that the shearing forces of both the Sn–Zn–Bi solder joints tended to increase slightly with an increase in the number of reflow cycles due to augmentation of the shearing area. A layer-type spalling of the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was observed very early in the liquid-state reaction for the solder alloys. The active nature of the Zn confirmed an instant reaction zone at the interface to maintain the bonding between the solder and the substrate.

Dependence of electromigration failure modes on EM-induced and thermally-induced mechanical stress in interconnect lines

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pramanick ◽  
D. D. Brown ◽  
V. Pham ◽  
P. Besser ◽  
J. Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Interconnect Lines

Transient Thermo-Mechanical Stress Analysis of Hot Surface Probe Using Sequentially Coupled CFD-FEA Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Guk Kang ◽  
Je Ir Ryu ◽  
Austen H. Motily ◽  
Prapassorn Numkiatsakul ◽  
Tonghun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Element Mesh ◽  
Surface Probe ◽  
Hot Surface

Abstract Energy addition using a hot surface probe is required for reliable ignition of aircraft compression ignition engines running on fuel variations and at altitude conditions. Thus, durability of the hot surface probe is crucial for application in these engines. Thermo-mechanical stress is one of the key parameters that determine durability, which requires an accurate prediction of the transient temperature field based on well-defined boundary conditions representing the dynamic and complex fluid flow inside engines. To meet this requirement, the present study focuses on transient thermo-mechanical stress analysis using a sequentially coupled CFD-FEA approach to understand transient thermo-mechanical responses of the hot surface probe. A 3D transient reacting flow simulation was conducted first using CONVERGE software, the results of which were exported to map thermal and pressure boundary conditions onto a structural finite element mesh. Transient thermo-mechanical stress analysis was performed sequentially using ABAQUS software utilizing the mapped boundary conditions. The results such as transient temperature history, resultant thermo-mechanical stress, displacement, potential failure modes, etc. were critically reviewed, which can provide helpful information for further design improvement.

scholarly journals The Influence of Recycling on the Properties of Interface between Ceramic and Dental Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
Honglan Huang ◽  
Honglei Lin ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Yu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Dental Alloys ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Interfacial Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Pt Alloys

Statement of Problem. Results are discrepant regarding the metal-ceramic interface of dental alloys affected by recycling. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recycling on the properties of interface between 2 dental alloys and their corresponding porcelains. Materials and Methods. Noble alloy (Pd-Cu-Ga) and high-noble alloy (Au-Pt) were used in this study. Metal matrices (cylinders Φ4 mm×4 mm with pedestal Φ5 mm×1 mm) were prepared by arc melting in argon after recasting 1-3 times. Corresponding porcelain with overall dimensions of Φ4 mm×2 mm was veneered on each metal cylinder. There were 22 specimens in each alloy group. Specifically, two specimens of each group were chosen randomly for interfacial morphology and diffusion analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The remaining 20 specimens were divided into 2 groups with or without thermal cycling. The bond strength was evaluated by shear test, and the data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The failure mode of shear test specimen was observed with a stereoscopic microscopy and subjected to the exact probability test (α=0.05). Results. According to the results from SEM, no obvious difference was observed in the interfacial morphology of both Pd-Cu-Ga and Au-Pt alloys among different recasting specimens. EDS analysis revealed that no significant difference was found in the width of elemental diffusion among 2 test alloys after recycling 1-3 times. Notably, in Pd-Cu-Ga alloy groups, the peak of Ga in thrice recasting was lower than those in first and second recastings. And there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the metal-ceramic shear bond strength of Pd-Cu-Ga and Au-Pt alloys after recycling 1-3 times, with or without thermal cycling. The results of failure modes observed on specimens were not affected by the recycling and thermal cycling in the 2 tested alloys. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study, the Pd-Cu-Ga and Au-Pt alloys can be recycled 2 times without significant changes on the properties of metal-ceramic interface, with or without thermal cycling.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Micro-Shear Clinching of Metal Foils by Laser Shock

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinding Li ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Zongbao Shen ◽  
Youjuan Ma ◽  
Huixia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Similar Materials

This work proposes a micro-shear clinching process by laser shock for joining similar and dissimilar metal foils. The joint appearance and cross-section were investigated to determine basic process parameters. The soft punch thickness was 100 μm. The numbers of laser pulses on the upper and lower foil sides were set as two and one, respectively. Joint deformation was divided into three stages and we investigated the deformation law of the joints. The process windows of the Al foil combinations were acquired to determine a reasonable range of process parameters for obtaining qualified joints. The mechanical properties and failure modes of different joints were analyzed to identify the process characteristics. Mechanical properties were related to shear test directions and were influenced by upper and lower foil thicknesses. One failure mode was observed in the parallel shear test, and four failure modes were observed in the perpendicular shear test. These modes were determined by the differences between upper and lower foil thicknesses. Results showed that the proposed process can be used to join Al and Cu foils successfully. The laws governing the mechanical properties and failure modes of dissimilar materials were similar to those governing the mechanical properties and failure modes of similar materials.

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