Cytogenetic variation in somatic tissue cultures and regenerated plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Euphytica ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel González ◽  
Maria Isabel Peláez ◽  
María Luisa Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Regenerated Plants

CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN A HYBRID BETWEEN HORDEUM VULGARE AND SECALE VAVILOVII

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean

A hybrid was obtained between Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes (2n = 2x = 14) and Secale vavilovii [Nürn. (2n = 2x = 14)] in which chromosome instability was observed in somatic and meiotic tissues. In somatic tissue the chromosomes per cell varied from 7 to 24 with a mean of 19.7. Similarly in meiotic tissue the chromosome number varied from 14 to 26 with a mean of 18.3. The mean chiasma frequency was 12.9 consisting of an average Ml configuration of 0.02IV + 0.3III + 6.68II + 3.92I. It was concluded that the hybrid was derived from the union of an unreduced gamete from Betzes barley with a normal gamete from S. vavilovii.

scholarly journals DNA methylation changes and TE activity induced in tissue cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Orłowska ◽  
Joanna Machczyńska ◽  
Sylwia Oleszczuk ◽  
Janusz Zimny ◽  
Piotr Tomasz Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Cytogenetics of in vitro cultured somatic cells and regenerated plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Gaponenko ◽  
T. F. Petrova ◽  
A. R. Iskakov ◽  
A. A. Sozinov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Evaluation of 10 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars for tissue culture response

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. R. Baillie ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Tissue Culture Response ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ten Canadian barley cultivars — Abee, Deuce, Ellice, Harrington, Manley, Bonanza, Conquest, Duke, Heartland, and Samson — were evaluated for tissue-culture response. Callus was obtained from embryos 3–5 d post anthesis from all cultivars. Fertile plants were regenerated from eight. Abee cultures gave the best response in terms of the number of plants regenerated, while Bonanza and Samson cultures produced no regenerated plants. Heartland and Deuce were selected for further study to determine optimum growth-regulator concentrations for callus production and plant regeneration. Two growth regulators — 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) — were evaluated at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg L−1). Maximum regeneration rates were achieved with Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L−1 2,4-D. Thirty-four Heartland and 19 Deuce regenerants were produced per 100 embryos cultured. Key words: Barley, growth regulators, Hordeum vulgare, regeneration, tissue culture

Changes in the fertility and meiotic behaviour of barley (Hordeum vulgare) × wheat (Triticum aestivum) hybrids regenerated from tissue cultures

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Molnár-Láng ◽  
G. Galiba ◽  
G. Kovács ◽  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Regenerant Plants

A total of 41 regenerant plants were raised from two consecutive in vitro propagation cycles from a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Martonvásári 50) × wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) hybrid. The second-cycle regenerants exhibited great variability for most morphological traits. The female fertility of certain regenerant hybrids considerably exceeded that of the initial hybrid, giving substantially higher seed set when pollinated with wheat. This character was transferred to the BC1 and BC2 progeny produced from the regenerants. The cytological analysis of the second-cycle regenerants indicated that these had a higher degree of meiotic instability than the initial hybrid. The proportion of cells with 28 chromosomes (21 wheat + 7 barley) dropped to one-half of that in the initial hybrid, with a rise in the number of hypoploid and hyperploid cells. The number of chiasmata per cell increased from 1.7 in the initial hybrid to 4.7 in the regenerants, and there was also an increase in the number of misdivisions.Key words: intergeneric hybrid, tissue culture, fertility, meiotic behaviour, somaclonal variation.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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