CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN A HYBRID BETWEEN HORDEUM VULGARE AND SECALE VAVILOVII

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean

A hybrid was obtained between Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes (2n = 2x = 14) and Secale vavilovii [Nürn. (2n = 2x = 14)] in which chromosome instability was observed in somatic and meiotic tissues. In somatic tissue the chromosomes per cell varied from 7 to 24 with a mean of 19.7. Similarly in meiotic tissue the chromosome number varied from 14 to 26 with a mean of 18.3. The mean chiasma frequency was 12.9 consisting of an average Ml configuration of 0.02IV + 0.3III + 6.68II + 3.92I. It was concluded that the hybrid was derived from the union of an unreduced gamete from Betzes barley with a normal gamete from S. vavilovii.

CYTOGENETICS OF A BARLEY × RYE HYBRID

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A viable hybrid with a somatic chromosome number of 14 was obtained by crossing Hordeum vulgare L. with Secale cereale L. Chromosome pairing in the hybrid was very low with an average chiasma frequency of 0.22. Phenotypically the hybrid resembled rye, the pollen parent, but the nucleolar characteristics were similar to barley.

LA MESURE DE L’INTERFÉRENCE DU CHIENDENT DANS L’ORGE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Champlain’) was grown with quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) at various densities for 3 yr. According to the regression analysis, a linear relation is appropriate to describe the relationship between yield of barley and biomass or density of quackgrass. A greater proportion of yield variability was explained by density (64%) than by biomass (40%). Density is then a better criterion than biomass to predict yield lost in barley. The linear relationship between barley yield and the shoot density of quackgrass is estimated by the following equation: yield barley = 345.3–0.5682 dens, quackgrass. An increase of 10 shoots/m2 in the mean density of quackgrass resulted in a mean loss of 6 g/m2 in the yield of barley.

scholarly journals Effects of potassium fertilization on Radiocaesium transfer from sandy soil to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
SM Soliman ◽  
Ahmed A Moursy ◽  
HS Eissab
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Discrimination Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Soil

Uptake and translocation of radiocesium artificially added to sand soil cultivated with barley as affected by different rates of potassium were traced in outdoor pot experiment. Experimental soil was contaminated with 0.01 and 0.1 mM 137Cs equal to (200 and 400 Bq/kg) in the form of CsCl and incubated for 14 days prior to 150 days plant growth period. The transfer factor (TF) average values from soil-to-total biomass were found to range from 0.40 up to 0.53 as affected by interaction between tested treatments. Increasing K rates from 125 to 250 kg/ha markedly reduced the mean averages of TFs of 137Cs from soil-to-roots by about 24 to 68%, respectively and from soil-to-total biomass by about 36 and 74%, respectively lower than corresponding control. In all cases, the discrimination factor was below unity, indicating that Cs is less efficiently absorbed from soil than its nutrient analogue K.

scholarly journals Barley response to seeding date in central Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Juskiw ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Seeding date is an important factor influencing productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). When conditions are conducive to early seeding or result in delayed seeding, producers need to know how cultivars will respond to these seeding situations. In this study, five cultivars (Abee, Harrington, Jackson, Noble and Virden) registered for western Canada were studied for 4 yr (1990 to 1993) when seeded early (late April or early May), in mid-May, in late-May, or late (mid-June) at Lacombe, AB. For all cultivars, early seeding resulted in grain yield advantages of 113 to 134% of the mean site yield, while with late seeding, grain yields were reduced to 54 to 76% of the mean site yield. The reduction in yield was least for Jackson, the earliest maturing cultivar tested. Late seeding reduced the period from sowing to emergence, vegetative period, grain-filling period, time from emergence to physiological maturity, test weight, grain yield, kernel weight, and tillers per plant; and increased plant height and percent thins. Late seeding had no significant effect on phyllochron, stand establishment, scald, lodging, protein content of the grain, kernel number per spike, and spikelet number per spike. Barley responded positively to early seeding in central Alberta, but when seeding was delayed (in this study to mid-June) the early and mid-maturing six-rowed cultivars with short phyllochrons performed better than the two-rowed and late six-rowed cultivars. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., seeding rate, phenological development, grain quality, grain yield, components

Hordeum and Secale mitotic genomes lie apart in a hybrid

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
R.A. Finch ◽  
J.B. Smith ◽  
M.D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Africanum ◽  
Centromere Position ◽  
The Mean

In both unpretreated root tip metaphases and pretreated mitoses of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Sultan × Secale africanum Stapf F1 hybrids, Hordeum chromosomes tended to be nearer the centre of the mitosis than Secale chromosomes. This was clear in 4 serially sectioned cells examined in the electron microscope. In Feulgen squashes of 38 of 40 cells studied in the light microscope, the mean distances in each cell from the mean centromere position for the cell was less for Hordeum centromeres than for Scale centromeres. Such spatial separation of parent genomes might prevent pairing of homoeologues in hybrids.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Constant Temperatures on Biology of Schizaphis Graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Barley, Hordeum Vulgare L. (Poaceae) in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Tofangsazi ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Shahram Shahrokhi ◽  
Ali Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
The Mean

Effect of Different Constant Temperatures on Biology ofSchizaphis Graminum(Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Barley,Hordeum VulgareL. (Poaceae) in IranThe temperature dependent biology of greenbug,Schizaphis graminumRondani on Kavir barley cultivar was studied at seven constant temperatures including 10, 15, 19, 22, 26, 31, and 33±1°C, 70% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The period of immature development ranged between 6.60 days at 26°C to 28.56 days at 10°C, respectively. All tested aphids failed to develop at 33°C. The calculatedrmand λ values were significantly the highest at 26°C and lowest at 10°C, respectively. The mean generation time and doubling time ofS. graminumdecreased linearly by increasing the temperature from 10 to 26°C. Additionally, the total number of offsprings per female was extremely low at 10 and 31°C, contrary to the highest and lowest values of life expectancy at 10°C (41.73 days) and 31°C (7.66 days), respectively. The results of the present study revealed that temperature had great effects on biology ofS. graminum, which was never previously studied on barley in Iran.

Chromosome instability in Coix gigantea Koen. (Maydeae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nirmala ◽  
Panuganti N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Chromosome Fragments

In Coix gigantea Koen. (2n = 20), six of the plants that survived in the progenies raised from seed collected from Madhya Pradesh showed wide intraplant variation in chromosome number and behaviour. The chromosome number varied from 2n = 7 to 29. Higher configurations involving up to 10 chromosomes were found, though associations of 3 and 4 chromosomes were more prevalent. Univalents were also fairly common. Further, chromosome fragments ranging from one to three per cell were found in several of the cells. Similar variations in chromosome number and fragments were also observed in tapetal cells. Chromosomal associations and chiasma frequency were studied in each of the chromosome classes. Laggards, ranging from one to five were observed at anaphase I and II. Pollen grains were polymorphic and completely sterile, and there was no seed set. The instability was considered as part of the genomic plasticity, coupled with polyploidy, serving to enlarge the cytogenetic diversity in the species. However, it occurs in this population to levels beyond the tolerance limits of the genome affecting the fitness of the individual.Key words: Coix, chromosomal variation.

Polyhaploids from a cross between Hordeum vulgare and the amphiploid (Hordeum jubatum and Hordeum compressum)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert D. Starks ◽  
William Tai ◽  
Robert P. Steidl
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid

Polyhaploids were obtained through the reduction of ploidy levels from a cross between a synthetic hexaploid amphiploid Hordeum jubatum L. and Hordeum compressum Griseb. and Hordeum vulgare L. The purpose of this work was to make a comparative study of the cytology, fertility, and morphology of the five polyhaploids and the amphiploid. Three of the polyhaploids were triploids, one had a variable chromosome number, and a fifth polyhaploid approached a pentaploid constitution. Mechanisms for the origin of the polyhaploids are suggested including those for the elimination of Hordeum vulgare chromosomes.

Effects of environment and cultivar on total mixed-linkage β-glucan content in eastern and western Canadian barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
The Mean

Two-row and six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, originating from eastern and western Canada were grown in six environments across Canada. The grain was studied for the effects of environment and cultivar on the total mixed-linkage β-glucan content (TBG, g hg−1 DM). Environment significantly affected TBG content in barley. TBG content differed among the 32 eastern or 43 western Canadian cultivars but the mean TBG for the eastern cultivars was not different from the mean of western cultivars. All eastern cultivars were hulled-feed types, and their TBG ranged from 3.31 in Micmac to 4.09 in Birka for two-row barleys, and from 3.78 in OAC Kippen to 4.41 in Maskot for six-row barleys. Western hulled cultivars which included feed and malt types, contained TBG ranging from 3.37 in Manley to 4.14 in Betzes for two-row barleys, and from 3.71 in Heartland to 4.42 in Tankard for six-row barleys. The two-row hulless cultivar, Condor, contained more TBG (4.69) than the other two hulless cultivars, CDC Richard (3.91) and Scout (3.85). The six-row hulless cultivars, CDC Buck and Tupper, were equal in TBG (4.35). The mean TBG was lower for the two- than six-row barleys (3.7 vs. 4.0), and a broader range for TBG in the two- (3.31–4.55) than six-row barleys (3.71–4.42) suggesed the greater possibility of producing low and high TBG barleys from the two-row cultivars. Canadian cultivars contained between 3.31 and 4.55 g TBG hg−1 DM, and there is a need to develop feed-type barleys containing a third less than the minimum TBG, and food-type barleys containing a third more than the maximum TBG. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare cultivars, β-glucan

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