Changes in the fertility and meiotic behaviour of barley (Hordeum vulgare) × wheat (Triticum aestivum) hybrids regenerated from tissue cultures

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Molnár-Láng ◽  
G. Galiba ◽  
G. Kovács ◽  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Regenerant Plants

A total of 41 regenerant plants were raised from two consecutive in vitro propagation cycles from a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Martonvásári 50) × wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) hybrid. The second-cycle regenerants exhibited great variability for most morphological traits. The female fertility of certain regenerant hybrids considerably exceeded that of the initial hybrid, giving substantially higher seed set when pollinated with wheat. This character was transferred to the BC1 and BC2 progeny produced from the regenerants. The cytological analysis of the second-cycle regenerants indicated that these had a higher degree of meiotic instability than the initial hybrid. The proportion of cells with 28 chromosomes (21 wheat + 7 barley) dropped to one-half of that in the initial hybrid, with a rise in the number of hypoploid and hyperploid cells. The number of chiasmata per cell increased from 1.7 in the initial hybrid to 4.7 in the regenerants, and there was also an increase in the number of misdivisions.Key words: intergeneric hybrid, tissue culture, fertility, meiotic behaviour, somaclonal variation.

CHROMOSOMES OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT CARRYING GENES FOR CROSSABILITY WITH BETZES BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

Chromosome substitution lines of the variety Hope in Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed onto Betzes barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.). Three substitution lines of Hope involving chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D gave no seed-set indicating that their counterparts in Chinese Spring were responsible for crossability with barley and that they function in complementary fashion. Other chromosomes of Hope had minor effects on crossability with barley.

scholarly journals Zastosowanie metody Taguchiego do poprawy efektywności androgenezy w zbożowych kulturach in vitro

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Renata Orłowska ◽  
Katarzyna Pachota ◽  
Joanna Machczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Niedziela ◽  
Janusz Zimny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
X Triticosecale

W zbożowych kulturach in vitro jednym z najtrudniejszych problemów do przezwyciężenia w trakcie produkcji podwojonych haploidów (DH) jest albinizm. Wydaje się, że dość skutecznym sposobem redukowania albinizmu jest dobór odpowiedniego czynnika stresowego w połączeniu ze zbalansowanym składem pożywek. W prezentowanej pracy zastosowano suplementację pożywek jonami miedzi i srebra (CuSO4, AgNO3) oraz modulowano czas kultur na pożywkach indukujących dla trzech gatunków zbóż: jęczmienia (Hordeum vulgare L.), pszenicy (Triticum aestivum L.) oraz pszenżyta (x Triticosecale spp. Wittmack ex A. Camus 1927). Zastosowanie metody Taguchiego pozwoliło na ograniczenie liczby eksperymentów oraz umożliwiło zoptymalizowanie warunków prowadzenia kultur in vitro, co ostatecznie wpłynęło na poprawę ilości zielonych regenerantów u wszystkich zastosowanych gatunków.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

GROWTH OF BARLEY, BROMEGRASS AND ALFALFA IN THE GREENHOUSE IN SOIL CONTAINING RAPESEED AND WHEAT RESIDUES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Under greenhouse conditions, incorporating ground straw in the soil at rates between 2,240 and 8,970 kg/ha reduced the emergence of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. cv. Beaver) significantly (P < 0.05) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. Magna) slightly, but had no effect on barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Conquest). Rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Target and B. campestris L. cv. Echo) straws were more damaging than wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou) straw. Symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency appeared early in the growth of barley where straw had been added to the soil. The effect on tillering varied. In one experiment tillers were smaller, in one tillers were larger; but in both, total leaf area produced was much less where 8,970 kg/ha of straw had been added to the soil. Bromegrass showed the same effects but to a lesser degree, probably because of slower growth requiring a smaller supply of nitrogen. Alfalfa growth was apparently unaffected. There was no evidence that the straw of either rapeseed species was more deleterious than wheat straw to crop growth after emergence. It is concluded that straw incorporated in soil affected barley and bromegrass growth by reducing the availability of nitrogen.

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