STRATEGI DAN STRUKTUR NAFKAH RUMAHTANGGA PETANI AGROFORESTRI KECAMATAN PARIGI KABUPATEN GOWA PROPINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Lahan kering berlereng curam dan adanya perubahan cuaca yang tidak menentu sangat berdampak pada penghidupan petani agroforestri di Kecamatan Parigi, terutama melalui pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas lahan sehingga mereka harus menentukan pilihan strategi nafkah selain pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi modal nafkah yang dimiliki dan dimanfaatkan rumahtangga petani agroforestry (2) Mengetahui struktur nafkah rumah tangga petani agroforestri berdasarkan pemanfaatan modal nafkah (3) Menganalisis strategi nafkah rumah tangga petani agroforestry. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Majannang dan Manimbahoi dengan sampel sebanyak 33 orang, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan didukung dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan melalui survei dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat penggumpul data. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modal nafkah yang dimiliki dan dimanfaatkan rumahtangga petani agroforestri terdiri dari (1) modal alam berupa lahan sawah, lahan kering, hewan, mata air dan kawasan hutan (2) modal manusia berupa pendidikan dan keterampilan (3) modal sosial berupa land tenure, tree tenure, jaringan pemasaran dan kelembagaan hubungan kerja (4) modal fisik berupa jalan raya, chekdam, pasar, PLTMH dan peralatan produksi serta (5) modal finansial berupa pendapatan on farm, off farm, non farm, pendapatan kayu, tabungan dan pinjaman. Sumber pendapatan berasal dari sektor on farm (72,20%), off farm (0,61%) dan non farm (27,8%). Strategi yang dilakukan rumahtangga petani agroforestri rumah bervariasi . Dalam satu rumah tangga dapat menerapkan dua atau lebih jenis strategi nafkah.Hasil perhitungan terhadap struktur nafkah menunjukkan bahwa basis nafkah petani agroforestri adalah sektor pertanian (72,20%) dengan menerapkan delapan bentuk stategi penghidupan .

Farm Level Tree Planting in Ghana: Potential for Reducing Vulnerability and Mitigating Climate Change

Improvement in tree tenure and benefit sharing mechanisms has encouraged farmers with or without land to invest in economictree planting in Ghana. This has been influenced by a policy reform which gives right of ownership to individuals who engagein tree planting coupled with a national reforestation programme. However, little is known regarding the contributions ofsmall-scale tree planting in mitigating climate change at farm level. This study therefore explores the views of smallholderfarmers in six villages in the Sefwi Wiaso, Asankrangwa and Offinso Forest Districts on how tree planting at farm levelcan reduce vulnerability and mitigate climate change. The study employed a household survey among 106 smallholderfarmers, interviews of informants and validation meeting. Results revealed that farmers involved in tree planting have adoptedagroforestry models that have the potential to generate significant carbon stores. The study also revealed that institutionalpartnership and benefit sharing mechanism are crucial for the success of farm level tree planting. The paper concludes byrecommending public actor partnership with wide range of stakeholders to make small scaled farm level tree planting a realityin reducing vulnerability and mitigating climate change as well as serving as financial incentive to famers.

Hak-hak penguasaan Pohon di Agroforestri (Parak): Kepentingan Komunal atas Private di Sumatera Barat

Deforestation in Indonesia is recognized very high, even reaching 1.4 million ha per year. But the rehabilitation of the damaged areas is less likely to receive appropriate care. Trees planting are often pointed out as mere sporadic activity. Agroforestry much promoted as a sustainable form of land use, but generally in traditional form. In West Sumatra, agroforestry (parak) at communal land survive in the long run but in the form of traditional management. The research objective is to understand why agroforestry in general do not evolve, and the opposite people prefer to cut down than planted trees. It is point out from the relationship between land and tree tenure as the rules of local customary institutions. For that's purpose survey conducted in three villages in West Sumatra has a distinctive character of agroforestry. The results showed essentially communal land has been more privatized indicated by strong private rights on agricultural crops. Tree tenure status did not follow the status of land rights. Rights over trees varied depending on the type of trees and the importance of trees (commercial or community purposes). Security of tree rights did not follow the security of rights to land Security of tree rights is determined by rules based to the communal institutions of local custom. Communal rights actually strengthen the sustainability of agroforestry systems. Local rules do not provide the opportunity for individual to change the agroforestry Systems to the agriculture farm

Konsep Land dan Tree Tenure Berbasis Dalihan Na Tolu pada tanah Masyarakat di Desa Sigalangan, Tapanuli Selatan

The study aims is to develop the land and free tenure concept on public land of Sigalangan village, South Tapanuli with custom base Dalihan no tolu. This study may provide the basis for constructing a system of incentives within planting frees by the community. The method Used is to determine the land and free tenure rights refers to the Rapid appraisal of Social forestry for land and free tenure. This method is used to determine the pattern of land and free tenure prevailing in Society. Land and tree tenure Security observed by the people's rights in the land and free. The results illustrate that there are arrangements to local custom institutions as Dalihan na tolu in land and free tenure systems. The types of plants chose especially for economic needs of farmers. Local customs often play a role in strengthening property rights and resolve of land Use conflicts. With Dalihan na tolu encourages the benefit of land owners rather than Common interests.

Sistem Penguasaan Tanah dan Pohon untuk memperbaiki Pengelolaan Agroforestri di Sumatera Barat

Planting trees on public lands are often considered unsustainable due to the rights of individuals arc weak. Therefore it is important to know the individuals tree rights to promote tree planting. The study aims to conceptualize tree tenure system to encourage better management of agroforestry at the farm level. The result showed variation on tree tenure rights can be separated from land tenure rights, but attached to a custom or habit which is a local setting (customary). So tree tenure security is not determined by the status of land Communal basis emphasize communal rights as the basis to use trees. Traditional management initiatives of agroforestry illustrate that the land use pattern support Sustainability in term of activities on land and environmental conservation Communal restrictions to use of trees by land's holder encourage them choose the non-timber type of plants for revenue purposes

Penguasaan Lahan dan Pohon di 'Rimbo Larangan': Upaya Melestarikan Sumber Daya Air di Nagari Paru

Rimbo larangan in nagari Paru, is a local bases forest management that can maintain its sustainability. That is relates to status of land and tree tenure as property right bases, The importance of land and free tenure mechanism will support this system to more sustainable utilization. In consequence, research aim is to observe the status of land and tree tenure at rimbo larangan in order reaches its target above. The results indicates that utilization of ulayat nagari land as rimbo larangan on the basis of communal needs to continuity the water resources and directly benefit limited to non-wood products, Control at land and tree tenure are by society that conducted by local institutions as the local initiative. As the form of tenure institution at rimbo larangan is formalization of customary rights for communal interest, where tend to limit individual importance to forest product, this condition supports the sustainability,

Jaminan Penguasaan Pohon (Tree Tenure Security) untuk mendorong Penanaman Pohon di Lahan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus di Sumatera Barat

Tree planting on public lands is often hampered due to low or no security of tree tenure rights. Uncertainly over who will take advantage of tree crop will make a reluctance in the planting of trees. This study aimed to observe the tree tenure security in the traditional agroforestry systems in West Sumatra. The results showed different tree tenure security across the study area, where the collateral is determined by the degree of clarity of the rule of local institutions. This has an impact on the selection of tree species and patterns of agroforestry.

Gender Bias Affects Forests Worldwide

Gender biases persist in forestry research and practice. These biases result in reduced scientific rigor and inequitable, ineffective, and less efficient policies, programs, and interventions. Drawing from a two-volume collection of current and classic analyses on gender in forests, we outline five persistent and inter-related themes: gendered governance, tree tenure, forest spaces, division of labor, and ecological knowledge. Each emerges across geographic regions in the northern and southern hemisphere and reflects inequities in women’s and men’s ability to make decisions about and benefit from trees, forests, and their products. Women’s ability to participate in community-based forest governance is typically less than men’s, causing concern for social equity and forest stewardship. Women’s access to trees and their products is commonly more limited than men’s, and mediated by their relationship with their male counterparts. Spatial patterns of forest use reflect gender norms and taboos, and men’s greater access to transportation. The division of labor results in gender specialization in the collection of forest products, with variations in gender roles across regions. All these gender differences result in ecological knowledge that is distinct but also complementary and shifting across the genders. The ways gender plays out in relation to each theme may vary across cultures and contexts, but the influence of gender, which intersects with other factors of social differentiation in shaping forest landscapes, is global.

Peranan Sistem Repong Damar Terhadap Pendapatan, Asupan Makan Dan Status Gizi Balita : Studi Kasus Di Desa Pahmungan Kecamatan Pesisir Tengah Kabupaten Pesisir Barat

ABSTRACT Regions Special Purpose or KDTI (Ministry of Forestry decree No.47/Kpts-II/1998) Repong Damar indigenous forest area of 29,000 ha which is a best practice community-based forest management in the western part of Lampung Province yet known about its capacity to ensure the sustainability of human resource development primarily critical starting at the age of five or its called toddlers. This study was doing from March to April 2014 in the village of Pahmungan District of the West Pesisir. The purpose of this research is: Knowing the linkage between population and income damar tree tenure, household food expenditure, protein intake toddlers, health status and nutritional status of toddlers. Data acquisition was done through interviews to collect data ownership damar tree population, income, food expenditure, health status and food intake (food recall) as the basis for determining the toddler nutritional status of children is calculated by the method of anthropometry (Ministry of Health, 2010). Parameter optimization using the software Minitab 16. The conclusions has proven there is a real link between the role of damar agroforest system to income, health status, and nutritional status of toddlers. Found relations or real relationship between income of damar agroforest [YI] with a population of damar tree with a model [YI]i= -0.1770 +0.023150[PHN]i. Furthermore simultaneously discovered the real relationship between food expenditure (YII) with [YII] as illustrated by the model [YII]i= 1.1546 +0438 [YI]. Further simultaneously discovered the real relationship between protein intake toddlers [YIII] with food expenditure [YII] with the model [YIII]i= 17 012 +3703 [YII]. Keyword: Repong damar, income, health status and nutritional status of toddlers