Analysis Food Demand of Java Households with Aids Model Estimates

<p>The quantity and quality of food consumed by the community are determined by the price level and household income. Household food expenditure share is still dominated by rice commodities. The aims of this study are 1) to analyze the level of household expenditure on food in Java and (2) to analyze the expenditure elasticity and price elasticity of household food demand in Java. The data used was March 2015, 2016, and 2017 SUSENAS data. Household consumption data was estimated using the AIDS Model. The results showed that household food expenditure share for medium and low-income groups (Q3 and Q4) for urban and rural areas was more than 50 percent. This shows that the household is food insecure. The own-price elasticity for all commodities is negative and inelastic. Changes in food prices do not significantly affect changes in demand for food commodities because their elasticity is inelastic. Household food demand is more influenced by food prices than household income for food commodities except for rice commodities. Rice has elastic expenditure elasticity (means that food demand is very responsive to changes in household expenditure/income. The relationship between each commodity is almost entirely negative (complementary).</p>

Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Berdasarkan Proporsi Pengeluaran Pangan Di Kota Padang

ABSTRAK Padi merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang cukup strategis untuk mendukung terwujudnya ketahanan pangan nasioal. Padi merupakan komoditas unggulan di Kota Padang, dan salah satu wilayah sentra produksinya adalah Kecamatan Kuranji. Sebagai wilayah lumbung pangan (padi) diasumsikan dengan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat (petani) yang terjamin dalam hal pemenuhan pangan. Salah satu indikator ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dicerminkan oleh proporsi pengeluaran pangan terhadap pengeluaran total. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis perkembangan (trend) produksi padi di Kota Padang dan 2) menganalisis pendapatan dan proporsi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi. Jenis data penelitian terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 rumah tangga petani padi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara snowball sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis trend menggunakan least square method; pendapatan total; dan proporsi pengeluaran pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan produksi padi sawah, mengalami penurunan produksi sebesar 7812.00 Ton setiap tahunnya (2015-2019), diperkirakan pada tahun 2020 produksi padi sawah sebesar 35,882.00 Ton. Sedangkan, sumber pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi terbesar berasal dari pendapatan usahatani padi sawah (onfarm). Proporsi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani digunakan untuk pengeluaran pangan yaitu padi-padian, dengan rata-rata total pengeluaran sebesar 60.26 persen. Kata Kunci : Tanaman Pangan, Rumah Tangga Petani, Ketahanan Pangan ABSTRACT Rice is one of the food crop commodities which is quite strategic to support the realization of national food security. Rice is a leading commodity in the city of Padang, and one of its production centers is Kuranji District. As a food barn (rice) area, it is assumed that the level of welfare of the community (farmers) is guaranteed in terms of food fulfillment. One indicator of household food security is reflected by the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the development (trend) of rice production in Padang City and 2) to analyze the income and proportion of household expenditures of rice farmers. The type of research data consists of primary and secondary data, with the number of respondents as many as 30 rice farmer households with a snowball sampling technique. The data analysis used includesanalysis trend using the least square method; total revenue; and the proportion of food expenditure. The results showed that lowland rice production decreased by 7812.00 tons every year (2015-2019), it is estimated that in 2020 lowland rice production was 35,882.00 tons. Meanwhile, the largest source of household income for rice farmers comes from rice farming(incomeonfarm). The proportion of household expenditure of farmers is used for food expenditure, namely grains, with an average total expenditure of 60.26 percent Keywords : food crop commodities, farmer households, food security

Exploring the Effect of Family Life and Neighbourhood on the Willingness of Household Waste Sorting

For developing countries, garbage classification has become an important measure to handle the environmental pollution crisis. This empirical study examined urban and rural families’ willingness to sort and deposit garbage at fixed recycling points. We found that urban residents demonstrated a significantly higher willingness to sort and deposit garbage at designated points compared to rural residents. The average number of family meals per month, average monthly household food expenditure, household cleanliness, and household crowding (spaciousness) are significantly related to a family’s willingness to sort garbage. In terms of neighbourhood factors, families living in neighbourhoods with property management are more likely to have a higher willingness to sort garbage. The degree of air pollution in the neighbourhood also has an impact on the family’s willingness to sort garbage. This study proposes that neighbourhood factors have a non-negligible influence on a household’s willingness to sort and put garbage in designated locations. Especially in urban neighbourhoods, the willingness of residents living in commodity housing neighbourhoods to sort and place garbage at designated locations is significantly higher than that of residents living in other neighbourhoods. To improve the implementation effect of the waste sorting policy, we suggest that the configuration of neighbourhood garbage recycling services and facilities should be improved so that people can sort garbage more conveniently.

Is the healthy start scheme associated with increased food expenditure in low-income families with young children in the United Kingdom?

Background Healthy Start is a food assistance programme in the United Kingdom (UK) which aims to provide a nutritional safety-net and enable low-income families on welfare benefits to access a healthier diet through the provision of food vouchers. Healthy Start was launched in 2006 but remains under-evaluated. This study aims to determine whether participation in the Healthy Start scheme is associated with differences in food expenditure in a nationally representative sample of households in the UK. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of the Living Costs and Food Survey dataset (2010–2017). All households with a child (0–3 years) or pregnant woman were included in the analysis (n = 4869). Multivariable quantile regression compared the expenditure and quantity of fruit and vegetables (FV), infant formula and total food purchases. Four exposure groups were defined based on eligibility, participation and income (Healthy Start Participating, Eligible Non-participating, Nearly Eligible low-income and Ineligible high-income households). Results Of 876 eligible households, 54% participated in Healthy Start. No statistically significant differences were found in FV or total food purchases between participating and eligible non-participating households, but infant formula purchases were lower in Healthy Start participating households. Ineligible higher-income households had higher purchases of FV. Conclusion This study did not find evidence of an association between Healthy Start participation and FV expenditure. Moreover, inequalities in FV purchasing persist in the UK. Higher participation and increased voucher value may help to improve programme performance and counteract the harmful effects of poverty on diet.

AQUAPONIK SOLUSI URBAN FARMING

Urban farming is one of the strategies that can shape family food security in urban areas. The aquaponic system is one of the urban farming activities. Small-scale aquaponics can be used for household scale. Maximum care is needed in aquaponic cultivation so that the growth and yield of vegetables and fish are good. Aquaponic can be an IRT solution that does not manage daily food expenditure by getting fish and vegetable crops that are harvested per day. The purpose of this community service is to: (1) analyze the frequency of household vegetable consumption, (2) analyze household income (savings) from the application of aquaponics. This study uses a qualitative approach and survey methods and uses income analysis. The results showed: (1) There was an increase in the frequency of eating vegetables in respondents by 9.5%. Before the socialization, the frequency of eating vegetables for households was 90.5%, while after the activity was carried out, the frequency of eating vegetables was 100%. Respondents consume vegetables every day so that they have fulfilled the minimum amount of vegetable and fruit consumption per household member is three portions of fruit and two portions of vegetables or vice versa every day (2) Household food income or saving by applying aquaculture is Rp. 126.000/month obtained from the harvest of vegetables and catfish.

Food security of paddy farm households based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption level in Jogorogo Ngawi

Ngawi is the sixth paddy producer in Indonesia and certainly has an influence on the food security of paddy farm households. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of food expenditure (PFE), energy and protein consumption, the relationship between food expenditure and energy consumption, and the condition of food security. The basic method used descriptive analytic. The number of respondents based on the slovin formula was 87 households. The sample selection used stratified random sampling. The data analysis method used correlation with SPSS 22 and cross indicator between PFE and energy consumption level. The results showed that the average of PFE was 58.81%. The average energy consumption was 4,272.2 kcal/household/day with an energy consumption level of 81.93% while the average protein consumption was 122.1 grams/household/day lower than the average household RDA consumption. Food expenditure had a significant relationship to energy consumption with a correlation coefficient of 0.925 including a very strong and unidirectional relationship. The contribution of household food security conditions were 28.7% secure; 32.2% vulnerable; 10.3% less secure; 28.8% insecure.

Food security analysis based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption of carrot farm households in Tawangmangu Karanganyar

Food security is reflected in two indicators, the level of energy intake and the proportion of household food expenditure (PFE). In 2015, the Tawangmangu sub-district in Karanganyar, Central Java, experienced a rice deficit, causing rice prices to hinder food access. It affects the food expenditures of carrot farm households in the Tawangmangu sub-district. The income of carrot farmers, which is highly unpredictable, affects nutrition fulfillment to determine food security. This study analyzes PFE, energy and protein consumption, and food security of carrot farm households in Tawangmangu, Karanganyar. The number of respondents in this study was 40 carrot farm households, and the sampling method used the accidental sampling technique. The data analysis method in this study used household income and expenditures, PFE, food consumption, and food security. The results showed that the average PFE of the household was 44%. The average energy and protein consumptions are 1,803 kcal/person/day and 58 grams/person/day with 84% energy level intake and 96% protein intake. The distribution of household food security conditions are 62.5% food secure, 5% food vulnerable, 30% food less secure, and 2.5% are food insecure.

Factors associated with undernutrition and improvement in Indonesia

Stunting among children under five years of age is one of the big problems in Indonesia, damaging adulthood health and work productivity. Studies on the individual and household factors of this issue had been conducted massively. Nonetheless, regional level study on the same issue is still lacking whereas it is important in understanding the problems to formulate better policies. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with stunting prevalence at the provincial level. Data for this study was obtained from the publication of the National Socioeconomic Survey 2018 and Basic Health Research 2018. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze factors associated with stunting prevalence. There were proportion of expenditure on fish, meat, eggs and milk, tofu and tempe, fruits and vegetables (F&V), cigarettes, and energy and protein intake. Prevalence of stunting at the provincial level was very wide, from 16.2% to 37.9%. Protein adequacy was higher (106.2%) than the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Average proportion of food expenditure at provincial level was 50.1%, in each province ranging from 40.6% to 57.2%; while the highest proportion of expenditure was to purchase F&V (12.8%). The model predicted that the proportion of household food expenditure, proportion of F&V, and protein adequacy were significantly associated with stunting prevalence. Thus, policy on improving household purchasing power and food consumption behavior with balanced nutrition is the key factor in reducing the prevalence of stunting. Social protection programs such as cash transfer and food aid for low-income households should be continued with more accurate recipients.

FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURE THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF YARD LAND IN DEWANTARA SUBDISTRICT, ACEH UTARA

Food is a basic need that must be met by households. Utilization of home yard land is one of the alternatives to realize food self-sufficiency in households in Dewantara District which iscan save on food expenditure and ensure the fulfillment of household food needs which are always available, easily accessible and can be used at any time. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence household food expenditures that utilize yard land with horticultural cultivation in Dewantara Subdistrict, Aceh Utara. The sample in this study was 60 families who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that simultaneously the factorIncome (X1), yard area (X2), number of household members (X3), housewife education (X4), and number of working household members (X5) have a significant effect on food expenditure. Partially, only the income factor (X1) and the number of household members (X3) have a significant effect on household food expenditure.