USING OZONE TO STIMULATE QUAIL EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT DURING INCUBATION

Most often in industrial poultry farming formaldehyde vapors are used for preincubation processing of eggs, which has a toxic effect both on staff and on the development of embryos during incubation. In this regard, still more attention is paid to the search for environmentally friendly methods of processing eggs and stimulating embryos. Objective: to establish the effect of pre-incubation treatment of eggs with ozone on embryo development rates. The research was carried out at “OOO MIP EcoDom”, which operated at the Gorsky State Agrarian University from 2016 to 2019. Quail eggs of the Estonian breed were taken for the study; they were divided into 4 groups: the control one was processed in the traditional way (formaldehyde vapor per 1 m3 of the volume of a special chamber 35 ml of 37% formalin solution plus 20 ml of water plus 20 g of potassium permanganate); for the first experimental group the duration of ozonation was 10 minutes; the second it was 20 minutes and for the third – 30 minutes. The ozone concentration was 10 mg/m3 . In the course of incubation on the 5th, 10th and 15th day, in accordance with the established standards, biological control was performed. The studies of the morphology of the experimental bird showed that during the period of hatching the chickens of all experimental groups were well developed. They had well-defined blood vessels, the entire body was covered with down. The limbs were pressed to the eggshell, and the head was near the air chamber. Deviations from the norms and pathologies were not found. Basing on the above, it can be concluded that the ozonation of hatching eggs does not cause side effects and positively affects the further development of chicks. It was found that the mass of quail embryos, incubated eggs, subjected to pre-incubation treatment with ozone lasting 20 minutes and a concentration of 10 mg/m3 was significantly higher than the corresponding parameter in the control at 6-, 10- and 15-day olds by 12.20%; 21.46% and 12.75%, respectively. The same pattern was observed in terms of embryo lengths.

МІКРОСКОПІЧНА БУДОВА ОРГАНІВ КУРЧАТ- БРОЙЛЕРІВ ЗА ЗБАГАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНУ КОМПЛЕКСОМ НАНОМІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ (Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, He, Mg)

The work is devoted to the study of the microscopic structure of broiler chickens organs for the enrichment of the diet with a complex of nano trace elements which include the citrates of nano Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, He, Mg. It was found that the use of a complex of nano-micronutrients, at a dose of 1 cm3/dm3 of drinking water in the drinking mode for five days in a row after five days, did not cause pathomorphological changes in the internal organs and skeletal muscles of slaughtered broiler chickens.The use in the diet of the experimental bird complex of nano trace elements at a dose of 10 and 20 cm3/dm3 drinking water can lead to structural disorders in the liver, kidneys and spleen in the form of local circulatory disorders, necrosis of cells of the parenchyma of organs. Extracapillary glomerulonephritis and necrotic- dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubules are recorded in the kidneys (proteinaceous nephrosis by type of granular dystrophy, in some cases necrotic nephrosis); In internal organs there are local circulatory disorders (congestive hyperemia, stasis, etc.). In cells of parenchyma of organs destruction of organelles, cell membranes is registered, that causes at first development of dystrophic processes on decompositive type, and subsequently - death of cells.

Effect of the antioxidant “Bisphenol-5” on the digestibility of nutrients in the diet of broilers

The addition of the antioxidant “Bisphenol-5” in the dietary feed of broiler chickens in the amount of 0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0008 and 0.0015 % of its weight contributed to the dietary nutrients digestibility enhancement, their absorbability and assimilation of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, which affected the increase in the intensity of animal growth. The effective dose application of the antioxidant under study in broiler raising is 0.0008 % of feed weight. Feeding of mixed fodders enriched with antioxidant at the given dosage of the third experimental bird group increased the digestibility of organic matter by 4.28 % (p ≤ 0.001), increased absorption of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus by 1.07, 0.27, 0.2 g (p ≤ 0.001) respectively and increased average daily live weight by 13.6 % (p ≤ 0.001) compared with individuals in the control group.

Influence of fodder "M-Feed” addition in rations on the intensity of growth and meat productivity of chicken- broilers of cross ross-308

The article presents materials on the study of the influence of the biological feed additive “M-Feed” in the rations of broiler chickens on the dynamics of live weight and average daily gains. It is determined that the highest absolute increase in live weight of the experimental bird was observed when using “M-Feed” in the amount of 400 mg per 100 g of feed in the cellular method of cultivation.

Hepathoprotective and dezintoxictional effect of medicine «Hamavit» and «Fospreniol» under direct and administrative application in the poultry

Changes in the biochemical composition of blood among hens during experimental eimeriosis reflect the development of pathological processes in their bodies. Taking into account that eimeria affect not only the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, but cause deep morphofunctional changes in the liver, we have studied the protein synthesis and detoxification properties of the chickens during the experimental eimeriosis. To solve the problems, the study was conducted on the chickens, which, by analogy, were divided into 6 groups: control (K) and 5 experimental (D1–D5) with 8 chickens in each. At the beginning of the experiment their age was 4 weeks. They were fed by the mixed fodder. Accordingly, experimental chickens from the first to fifth experimental groups were infected by Eimerioid invasion. At the same time, the experimental bird of the 1st group (D1) was not processed by the eimiriocidal agent, and for the following four (D2–D5) as a parasitic agent, a new remedy Brovafom new was given, which was prescribed 2 g per kg of the mixed fodder feed during 7 days. In addition, in order to ensure the rapid recovery of the poultry organism after an application of the antiparasitic remedy, chickens from the third (D3) and fourth (D4) experimental groups were given Gamavit and Fosprenil during 7 days in doses of 2.5 ml per 1 liter of water. We have found out that in the serum of blood of chickens from the experimental groups a low level of total protein and especially its protein fraction was presented. In addition, the concentration of uric acid and creatinine increased in the poultry blood and increased activity of AlAT and AsAT. The most effective and cost-effective methods of combating eimeriosis is the use of chemical drugs that delay or detrimental effect on the eimeria (eimeriosis) effects at the endogenous stages of development. After the application of the therapeutic purpose of the eimeriostatic remedy «Brovaf new» eliminates the negative effects of toxins on hepatocytes of the liver. It is noted that complete restoration of the functional state of the liver is not achieved. Rather and more efficiently, this process takes place during the bird products with medicine Gamavit and Fosprenil, with the best result and with a lower dose achieved through their combined use

БІОХІМІЧНІ ТА МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КРОВІ ЯПОНСЬКИХ ПЕРЕПЕЛІВ ЗА РІЗНИХ РІВНІВ КАЛЬЦІЮ ТА ФОСФОРУ У КОМБІКОРМАХ

<p>We studied the influence of a different level of a calcium and phosphorus in mixed fodders on morphological and biochemical indexes of a blood of Japanese quail. We selected 240 quails, which were divided into 6 equal groups - control and 5 experimental. Experimental quails were contained in six-fodders cell battery, each cell was 60x40x20 cm and contained of 20 birds (15 females and 5 males). At the beginning of the experiment the experimental quails had similar body weight indicators that were the same in the end of our research. When we fed quails with different levels of calcium and phosphorus wew registered that calcium, magnesium, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity in their blood was within physiological norm. We identified no significant differences in these indicators. It should be noted that the highest content of phosphorus in the quail blood was observed in female birds of 6th experimental group, which exceeded by 23.1% the values in quails of control group with calcium content of 4.0% and phosphorus of 1.4% (P &lt;0.05). The introduction of different level of a calcium and phosphorus were not significantly affect the blood erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin. The ratio of segmented rods, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood of experimental birds was within the physiological norm of fluctutations. In content, there was a slight deviation (within 1%) was not statistically significant in the blood of the bird experimental and control groups, eosinophils and monocytes. The lymphocyte content was below 8.3% in the blood of all experimental bird groups. It is revealed that a level of a calcium of 4.0 % and phosphorus of 0.8, 1,1, and 1,4 % in rations of quails, promotes rising of a calcium level in skeleton of female quails and does not influence significantly the morphological and biochemical blood indices.</p>

Global synchronous response to autogenous song in zebra finch HVc

1. The spatial distribution of neuronal responses to autogenous song (AS) was investigated in the HVc of urethan-anesthetized adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). In seven birds, penetrations covered the entire mediolateral, rostrocaudal, or dorsoventral extents of HVc. In an eighth, control birth penetrations were made near to but outside of HVc. Reconstruction of recording sites from histological material indicated a good correspondence between sites that exhibited stronger responses to AS than to tone or noise bursts, and sites that were within HVc. 2. Within each experimental bird but not in the control, multiple-unit responses to AS were similar across the entire spatial extent of HVc (up to 1.3 mm). For each experimental bird, the strongest responses occurred within a narrow range of times. The middle of this range of times is called the time of maximum synchronization (TMS). Across birds, 34–75% of recording sites exhibited the same TMS. With the use of a criterion of > 33% of sites exhibiting their strongest responses at the TMS, the temporal scatter around the TMS varied between 6 and 138 ms across individuals. In six of the seven experimental birds, the position of the TMS was not affected by changing the window of integration from 10 to 150 ms. In two experimental birds, short windows of integration tended to emphasize beginning portions of the song. In one case this effect was sufficiently strong to change the TMS for short windows of integration. 3. Each TMS was associated with a syllable of maximum synchronization (SMS). The positions of the SMS varied considerably across birds. In four birds the SMS was one of the syllables of the first motif (a motif is a temporal sequence of syllables that can be repeated > or = 1 times to form a song), in two birds the SMS was the introductory note of song, and in one bird the SMS was the second syllable of the last (3rd) motif. Syllables of the same type as the SMS but occurring in other motifs typically elicited much weaker responses, in many cases weaker than other syllables in those motifs. Syllables that elicited strong responses in non-SMS motifs did not necessarily elicit strong responses in the SMS motif, even if they preceded the SMS. There were no apparent acoustical features of the SMS or the preceding syllable that could account for the global synchronous response to song.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Transmission of Skrjabinoclava morrisoni Wong and Anderson, 1988 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) to semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla (L.)) (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)

Skrjabinoclava morrisoni Wong and Anderson, 1988 of the proventriculus of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla (L.)) developed to the infective stage in the marine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas). The first moult occurred 8 d and the second, 11 d postinfection at 20 °C. In the final host, fourth-stage larvae were recovered from one experimental bird examined 8 d postinfection. Juvenile birds collected at Long Point, Ontario, were not infected with S. morrisoni suggesting that transmission may not occur on the breeding ground. Transmission occurs, however, in the Canadian Maritimes and the Gulf of Mexico, as evidenced by the presence of juvenile S. morrisoni in birds collected on Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, and birds recently arrived at Delta Marsh, Manitoba, from the Gulf Coast.

Methiocarb as a bird repellent on wine grapes

An experimental bird repellent, rnethiocarb, was evaluated as a spray treatment for reducing damage to ripening grapes at Loxton, South Australia, by blackbirds (Turdus merula) and grey breasted silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis). Methiocarb was applied to three border rows in an effort to protect the entire vineyard from bird damage. Yields and the incidence of bird damage on treated and untreated sides of a vineyard were compared. One application of rnethiocarb at the rate of 1.9 kg a.i. ha-1 four weeks before harvest protected the entire side of the vineyard from damage. Grapes on the treated side of the vineyard were either undamaged, or showed minor pecking; most bunches of grapes in untreated border rows were damaged. Yields from treated border rows were about double those from untreated border rows. Methiocarb residues of 1.3 ppm were recovered from Gordo grapes 28 days after harvest. There was no evidence that methiocarb killed any birds. Before border row treatment with methiocarb can be commercially recommended, more extensive observations need to be made to determine whether birds learn to fly over the treated rows. Also, the effects of methiocarb on fermentation need to be studied.

Activation and Satiation of a Sensory Reinforcer in the Chick

200 chicks were exposed to 1 of 5 experimental conditions of differing frequencies of light onset for 30 min. prior to a subsequent 30-min. period in which light onset was contingent upon the behavior of the experimental bird. The exposure to light onset had a significant differential effect upon elicited responses as well as light-reinforced responses during the second phase. The general results were discussed in terms of the activating and reinforcing function of the sensory stimulus.