Editorial for the Special Issue on Nanofabrication with Focused Electron/Ion Beam Induced Processing

Focused electron beam (FEB) and focused ion beam (FIB) technologies have opened novel paths for material science research and technology at the micro and nano scales in recent decades [...]

Identification of succinite of infrared absorption spectra

The solution of the problem of identification of amber (succinite) on the example of natural polymer material of organic origin on the basis of its infrared absorption spectra is proposed. Taking into account the growing demand for the use of such composite materials on an industrial scale and the insufficiency of existing methods for determining their composition, the proposed method can become a new solution to the problem of identification. The basis of the proposed method for the study of succinite using infrared spectroscopy is translucent spectroscopy, with the measurement of mirror and diffuse reflection. The samples amber of the Palmniken Deposit obtained in the city of Kaliningrad of the Russian Federation were used as the objects studied. The data of infrared spectra of succinite obtained by the proposed method of infrared spectroscopy are obtained and presented in comparison. Five main links on the obtained infrared spectra have been experimentally determined, which can be used as characteristic features for identification and diagnostics of succinite by the material composition. The proposed method may be of interest in the theory of knowledge of material science, research related to the processes of identification, processing of production of amber.

Scholarly Output of Material Science Research in India: A Scientometric Analysis

Material Science is a discipline which elevates the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. This science investigates the relationship between the structure of material and its properties. The researcher has made an attempt to highlight quantitatively and qualitatively the growth and development of scholarly publications by Indian Scientists and researchers on Materials Science during 2009-2018 as reflected in Scopus. This study describes and focuses the various factors such as chronology wise distribution; country wise distribution; ranking of highly cited authors; ranking of highly cited institutions; highly cited journals on Material Science; and predominant funding agencies. The results revealed that the highest number of (16.7%) papers published in 2018 and Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics is the predominantly used source for the scholarly publication in Material Science research in India. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has the highest number of publications in the Material Science research.

Kowari – OPAL’s Residual-Stress Diffractometer and its Application to Materials Science and Engineering

The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) has recently started commissioning the new Australian Research Reactor OPAL that has replaced the old HIFAR reactor in January 2007. At the first stage, the new reactor will provide neutrons to several neutron scattering instruments. Among them is the residual stress diffractometer Kowari that was designed to study engineering problems related to residual stresses as well as allow material science research using neutron diffraction. We give an update on the progress of the instrument’s installation and commissioning and present an example to illustrate how neutron diffraction can be used to obtain information about residual stresses in a flash butt welded plate.

Applications of Dyes in Material Science Research

Dyes are colored organic compounds that are used to pigment fiber or other materials. Dyes are mainly calssified into natural and synthetic dyes in terms of the origin. Natural dyes include animal dyes, plant dyes and mineral dyes with such defects as incomplete chromatogram, inconvenient use and color fading, and thus have been gradually eliminated. In 1856, the 18-year-old young British scientist Perkin successfully invented the world's first synthetic dyes. He built his own factory and industrialized synthetic dye production. Over 100 years since then, dye industry has undergone rapid development, and by 2001 synthetic dyes already have been up to nearly 10,000 varieties. In 2004, the output of total dyes in the world has reached 900,000 tons. Synthetic dyes are used comprehensively, not only to dye synthetic fibers, but also natural fibesr, fur, leather and man-made fibers.