J. S. Mill and the formation of the doctrine of the legal regulation of wages

This article is devoted to a whole range of topical problems associated with understanding the legal regulation of wages as one of the main institutions of labor law. In preparing this article, the authors relied on historical, comparative legal and systemic structural methods. The authors linked the genesis of the teaching on wages with the work of the British scientist J.S. Mill. It is reasonably argued that his broad approach, based on a sociological, philosophical, economic and legal analysis of this phenomenon, allowed him to come to very significant conclusions regarding the economic incentives for labor. In the opinion of the authors, the decisive contribution of the British scientist lies in the fact that he separated the «laws» of production from the «laws» of distribution. This opened the way to the possibility of establishing state standards for wages, as well as its legal regulation at three levels: state, social partnership and individual contractual. For the British scientist, the mechanism for fixing wages was a compromise between the interests of workers and employers, taking into account the interests of the state and society. The authors concluded that this approach meets modern realities and is consistent with the important role of collective agreements and local acts in establishing the remuneration system.

PROFESSOR V.G. KORENCHEVSKY - SCIENTIST, PATRIOT, PASSIONARY

Статья посвящена жизни и деятельности российскобританского ученого профессора Императорской военно-медицинской академии и заведующего геронтологической лабораторией Оксфордского университета Владимира Георгиевича Коренчевского. К числу научных достижений В.Г. Коренчевского относятся теория эндокринного старения и концепция геропротективной гормонозаместительной терапии. В.Г. Коренчевский был вдохновитель и организатор съездов и обществ русских академических организаций заграницей, а также вдохновитель и организатор Британского общества исследований старения и Международной ассоциации геронтологии и гериатрии. The article is devoted to the life and work of the Russian-British scientist, Professor of the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint-Peterburg and Head of the Oxford Gerontological Research Unit, Vladimir Georgievich Korenchevsky. Among the scientific achievements of V.G. Korenchevsky are the theory of endocrine aging and the concept of geroprotective hormone replacement therapy. V.G. Korenchevsky was the inspirator and organizer of congresses and societies of Russian academic organizations abroad, as well as the inspirator and organizer of the British Society for Research on Ageing and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics.

“Western Gates of the Urals”: geocultural branding of a small city

The article presents an analysis of the image resources of Vereshchagino -a small town in the Perm region, which should be used in the process of implementing the strategy of its geocultural branding. In popular scientific works and mass media, the city is called the “Western Gate of the Urals”, meaning that the Vereshchagino railway station is a key point, bypassing which, freight and passenger trains leave the Ural region. In 2023, Vereshchagino station will celebrate 125 years since the moment of its foundation. At the beginning of the XXI century, the dynamic development of the urban environment in Vereschagino was interrupted. The municipal authorities missed the opportunity to pursue a policy of territorial marketing branding, to actively promote the brand images of the town in the Ural geocultural space. Today, Vereshchagino has accumulated typical problems for a provincial town – demographic, communal, and socio-cultural ones. Urban communities express dissatisfaction with the visual and aesthetic appearance of the urban environment. According to the author’s point of view, the development and implementation of the Vereshchagino geocultural branding strategy is a progressive solution that allows creating creative industries in the city and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development. As a methodological basis, we used the conceptual ideas of the creative action of the British scientist Ch. Landry, as well as the postulates of the theory of geocultural branding of the city by the Russian researcher D. N. Zamyatin.

Vitaly Grigorevsky’s Contribution to the Development of International Cooperation in Photometric Studies of Artificial Earth Satellites

This article highlights the participation of the Ukrainian scientist, Professor Vitaly Mikhailovich Grigorevsky, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, and representative of the scientific school of Vladimir Platonovich Tsesevich, in the organization and development of international cooperative partnership in the field of satellite astronomy and photometric studies of artificial satellites of the Earth. The activity of the scientist in the coordination of scientific research of the countries of Eastern Europe in 1965–1973 under the SPIN program, carried out under the auspices of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is discussed. The article explores the main forms of Grigorevsky’s scientific cooperation with the world’s leading experts in the field of satellite astronomy—the British scientist Desmond King-Hele, the Czech astronomer František Link, Hungarian researchers Iván Almár and D. Toth, and others. Also, the achievements of the Latvian researchers Māris Ābele and Kasimirs Lapushka in the creation of photographic cameras of surveillance of satellites are analysed.

TEORI EVOLUSI MANUSIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN

This paper will analyze the theory of human evolution that developed in the West and the theory of human evolution that is explained in the Qur'an with the interpretation approach. The method used in this paper is to use qualitative methods derived from sharing books relating to the above problems. The approach to the interpretation method of the Qur'an uses the thematic method, because this method can study contemporary problems. The theory of evolution began to be studied and debated in the 6th century BC, beginning with the Greek philosopher Anaximander, Empedocles, Lucretius, the same opinion was expressed by Arab biologist Al Jahiz, Persian philosopher Ibn Miskawaih, Ikhwan As-Shafa, and Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi. Furthermore, the theory of evolution was published by a British scientist named Charles Darwin, the results of his research on evolution, especially human evolution, explained that the theory of evolution was not created by God but stood alone. This opinion caused debate among scientists and religious leaders especially Islam was rejected because it contradicted the Qur'an.

A Sociological Analysis of the Institutional Aspect of the Global Sociology of M. Burawoy

This article offers the institutional side of the global sociological project presented by M. Burawoy for consideration. The main critics of this approach currently ignore the role of institutions, and concentrate more often on the ideological side of the issue. In this paper, it is proposed to trace the usage of the institutional mechanisms of the ISA to promote the idea of the internationalization of sociology on a global scale. On the basis of the historical and sociological method, the connection between the ISA World Sociological Congresses, the institute of the presidency of the ISA, the presidential address, and the project of global sociology found in the approach of the British scientist will be demonstrated. Through the analysis of Burawoy’s articles, the main program statements of the development of global sociology will be defined. Special attention will be paid to the institute of the ISA presidential speech and its usage in the context of the global sociology of Burawoy. This paper postulates the problem of the excessive centralization of the project on the institutional link with the various resources provided by the ISA.

Bio-inspired superwettable materials: an interview with Lei Jiang

Scientists have been aware of the phenomenon of superwettability for more than two centuries. In 1805, British scientist Thomas Young introduced the concept of the contact angle to evaluate the wettability of liquid on a solid material surface. Superwettable materials have only become a fast-developing research area over the past two decades, with scientists beginning to investigate and mimic the micro-/nanostructures of natural superwettable materials. Elucidation of the micro-/nanostructures of natural superwettable materials, from superhydrophobic lotus leaves and superhydrophilic spider silk to superoleophobic (oil-repelling) fish scales, has greatly propelled the development of this field. Superwettable materials have found wide applications such as liquid–liquid separation, sensors and energy conversion devices. Lei Jiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and a foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering, is a pioneer in the field of bio-inspired superwettable materials. He proposed the ‘binary cooperative complementary principle’ that nanoscale structural arrangements of two materials with complementary properties can result in functional macroscopic materials, which provided a framework for the design of superwettable materials. In this recent NSR interview, Jiang discussed the theory and applications of this field over the past two decades, and reflected upon innovative scientific research in general.

There ain't nothing like a Dame: a commentary on Lonsdale (1947) ‘Divergent beam X-ray photography of crystals’

Prof. Dame Kathleen Lonsdale was one of the two first female Fellows of the Royal Society, having originally been a student of that great British scientist and Nobel Laureate William Henry Bragg. She came to fame initially for her solution of the crystal structure of hexamethyl benzene, thus demonstrating that the benzene ring was flat, of considerable importance to organic chemistry, where it had been proposed before but without proof. This was at a time when the solution of crystal structures was in its infancy, and in its day this work was considered a triumph. As a rare example then of a female physicist, Lonsdale became interested in various aspects of the diffraction of X-rays, and in particular published an important paper on a form of diffraction in which a strongly divergent source was used rather than the usual highly collimated beam. The photographs thus obtained showed a series of arcs and circles, whose positions were so sensitive that they could be used to determine the quality of crystals such as diamond, and even to calculate their lattice dimensions, and hence carbon–carbon bond lengths, to hitherto extraordinary precision. Lonsdale also became known not just as a scientist but as a peace activist and an active member of the Society of Friends. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

Smith’s understanding of relation between national identity and myth of election

The British scientist Anthony D. Smith, one of the best-known contemporary researchers of the problems of nation and nationalism, pays special attention to the issue of national identity. In this paper the author tries to present and evaluate Smith?s understanding of the relation between national identity and myth of election (as one of the most important national myths). At the end of the paper, the importance of Smith?s views for explanation and understanding of the contemporary Balkan conflicts is pointed out.