Personal internal sources of psychological well-being

Introduction. The problem of finding ways to preserve and improve individuals' mental health and effective means of promoting their psychological well-being and life satisfaction is a new promising area of research in psychology. From an empirical pointof view, this requires determining personal resources, which will be the basis for individuals' psychological well-being, happy life, realization of their potential, effective coping with difficulties, as well as good work performance.Aim: to identify factors in and internal sources of personal psychological well-being.Methods. J. Crumbaugh & L. Maholickʼs Purpose in Life Test, S. Maddi's Hardiness Survey, V. Stolina & S.Pantileevaʼs Personal Self-Assessment, The Ryff Scale of Measurement, N.PeseschkianʼsWIPPF, R. Lazarus &S.Folkmanʼs Ways of Coping Questionnaire, E. Deci & R. Ryanʼs General Causality Orientations Scale, andA.Antonovsky’s Sense of Affiliation.Results. Psychological well-being depends on the realism, structure, and integrity of individuals' system of attitudes as well as on their life perspective, which includes goals, plans, values, and aspirations. Individuals' ability torealize their potential and psychological well-being is ensured by the development of individuals' abilities related to self-identity, belief in their abilities and trust in others. The author's prognostic model of individuals' psychological well-being includes personal autonomy, personal growth and coherence as individuals' psychological well-being predictors.Conclusions. Promoting individuals' psychological well-being implies actualization of their internal resources, their understanding of their personal reserves and possibilities of self-realization.

Causality Orientations and Supportive/Controlled Environment: Understanding Their Influence on Basic Needs, Motivation for Health and Emotions in French Hospitalized Older Adults

ObjectivesFrom a self-determination theory perspective, the purpose of this cross sectional study was to better understand how to motivate hospitalized older adults’ behaviors and test an integrative model of the role of causality orientations and a supportive/controlled environment on basic need satisfaction, motivation for health oriented physical activity, positive and negative affective states, depressive symptoms, apathy, and boredom.MethodsOlder adults (N = 146; Mage = 81.27 years, SD = 7.75, 74.7% female) in French hospital units completed self-report questionnaires and socio-demographic data were also collected.ResultsPartial least squares path modeling results showed that participants’ autonomy orientation positively associated with the perception of a supportive environment was related to need satisfaction, autonomous motivation for health-oriented physical activity, and high scores on positive affective states. Conversely, participants’ impersonal orientation positively associated with the perception of a controlled environment was related to undermining need satisfaction, controlled motivation for health-oriented physical activity, and amotivation, and high scores on both negative affective states, and boredom.ConclusionThe present results indicate that taking into account personality factors in hospital units can be useful and health professionals should take an interest both in the patients’ causality orientations and the supportive nature of the environment in order to understand better how to motivate patients’ behaviors. The present study points to the need to focus on all motivational dynamics which allow patients’ need satisfaction.

General causality orientations in self-determination theory: Meta-analysis and test of a process model

Causality orientations theory, a key sub-theory of self-determination theory, identifies three distinct causality orientations: autonomy, control, and impersonal orientation. The theory proposes generalized effects of the orientations on motivation and behavior. We meta-analyzed studies ( k = 83) testing relations between causality orientations, forms of motivation from self-determination theory, and behavior. Pooled data were used to test a process model in which autonomous and controlled forms of motivation mediated relations between causality orientations and behavior. Results revealed that autonomy and control orientations were positively correlated with autonomous and controlled forms of motivation, respectively. Impersonal orientation was correlated negatively with autonomy orientation and autonomous forms of motivation, and positively with control orientation and controlled forms of motivation. Process model tests revealed total effects of autonomy orientation on behavior, comprising direct and indirect effects through autonomous motivation, and a positive direct effect of control orientation on behavior and a negative indirect effect through controlled motivation, resulting in a zero total effect. Analysis of age, gender, behavior type, study design, and study quality revealed few moderator effects on model relations. Findings support effects of autonomy orientation on motivation and behavior, and the processes involved, and identify constructs that could be targeted, or circumvented, in behavioral interventions.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSECURE ATTACHMENT PATTERNS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GENERAL CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS

The main aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of general causality orientations within Self Determination Theory in the relationship between adult attachment styles and various psychopathological symptoms (depression, OCD symptomology, and general psychological symptoms). Total 750 participants were consisted of 558 female and 192 male. Results of a mediation analysis demonstrated that: autonomy orientation have shown positive effect to statistically significant predictors for various psychopathological symptoms, but having impersonal orientations have shown negative effect. Control orientations have negative effect to statistically significant predictors only for OCD symptomology. Different level causality orientations for each individual was found to be suited for the role of partial mediation this relation, and autonomy orientation was found to have more positive roles than control and impersonal orientations. This relationship is differential with respect to gender effect and anxious or avoidant attachment patterns.

General Causality Orientations in Self-Determination Theory: Meta-Analysis and Test of a Process Model

Causality orientations theory, a key sub-theory of self-determination theory, identifies three distinct causality orientations: autonomy, control, and impersonal orientation. The theory proposes generalized effects of the orientations on motivation and behavior. We meta-analyzed studies (k=83) testing relations between causality orientations, forms of motivation from self-determination theory, and behavior. Pooled data were used to test a process model in which autonomous and controlled forms of motivation mediated relations between causality orientations and behavior. Results revealed that autonomy and control orientations were positively correlated with autonomous and controlled forms of motivation, respectively. Impersonal orientation was correlated negatively with autonomy orientation and autonomous forms of motivation, and positively with control orientation and controlled forms of motivation. Process model tests revealed total effects of autonomy orientation on behavior, comprising direct and indirect effects through autonomous motivation, and a positive direct effect of control orientation on behavior and a negative indirect effect through controlled motivation, resulting in a zero total effect. Analysis of age, gender, behavior type, study design, and study quality revealed few moderator effects on model relations. Findings support effects of autonomy orientation on motivation and behavior, and the processes involved, and identifies constructs that could be targeted, or circumvented, in behavioral interventions.