Embodied Mindfulness Questionnaire: Scale Development and Validation

Recently developed mindfulness scales have integrated aspects of the body in measuring mindfulness unlike other established scales. However, these scales focused solely on body awareness and did not embrace all aspects of mindfulness and the body. Specifically, they did not integrate embodiment in mindfulness. The proposed Embodied Mindfulness Questionnaire (EMQ) aims to operationalize the proposed notion of “embodied mindfulness” by grounding it into five dimensions, each representing a set of skills that can be cultivated through training and practice: (a) Detachment from Automatic Thinking, (b) Attention and Awareness of Feelings and Bodily Sensations, (c) Connection with the Body, (d) Awareness of the Mind-Body Connection, and (e) Acceptance of Feelings and Bodily Sensations. The EMQ items were developed through consultations with a panel of eight graduate students and a group of 10 experts in the field. Results from a series of three studies supported the proposed five subscales of EMQ and suggested that these subscales are independent and supported by convergent and discriminant evidence. In addition, results suggested that scores of EMQ subscales are different in terms of sensitivity to mindfulness training or meditation practice and experience. Limitations, as well as theoretical and practical implications of the EMQ subscales, are thoroughly discussed.

Inconspicuous Consumption Scale - development and validation

We propose a new definition of inconspicuous consumption (IC) as an individual disposition and present an instrument for measuring this variable. The article describes the successive stages of the construction of the Inconspicuous Consumption Scale (ICS). The results of a preliminary selection of items and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have led to the development of an instrument which measures four factors that make up the global ICS: Knowledge, Services, Experiences, and Subtle Brand Signals. Reliability and validity studies carried out in a sample of 1,330 respondents show that the ICS has satisfactory psychometric properties.

University Student Engagement Scale: Development and Validation in Indian Context

In academic achievement, student engagement is considered a prime factor to enhance motivation among students. Student engagement is a constructive approach that refers to the level of concentration, inquisitiveness, and enthusiasm that students demonstrate when they learn. The study aims to elucidate the development of a three-dimensional construct of student engagement based on psycho-education oriented measures such as behavioural, cognitive and emotional engagement. Data from 470 students studying in science, humanities, and engineering streams from different universities of Punjab, was collected via random sampling technique. The factor analysis of the scale reveals that 31 items had three factors, behavioural, cognitive, and affective engagement. Good internal reliability (????=0.889) and adequate convergent and discriminant validities are reported, which establishes good psychometric properties of the scale.