Systematic Review of Nutritional Recommendation Systems

In recent years, the promotion of healthy habits, and especially diet-oriented habits, has been one of the priority interests of our society. There are many apps created to count calories based on what we eat, or to estimate calorie consumption according to the sport we do, or to recommend recipes, but very few are capable of giving personalized recommendations. This review tries to see what studies exist and what recommendation systems are used for this purpose, over the last 5 years in the main databases. Among the results obtained, it is observed that the existing works focus on the recommendation system (usually collaborative filtering), and not so much on the description of the data or the sample analyzed; the indices used for the calculation of calories or nutrients are not specified. Therefore, it is necessary to work with open data, or well-described data, which allows the experience to be reproduced by third parties, or at least to be comparable. In recent years, the promotion of healthy habits, and especially diet-oriented habits, has been one of the priority interests of our society.

Blood pressure, body mass index lowering and ketogenesis in Qigong Bigu

Background Hypertension is one of the most common comorbid conditions of epilepsy. Hypertension and epilepsy may be related to each other. Qigong Bigu practice induces a similar effect as fasting in the first week. As ketogenesis is induced during ketogenic diet therapy, we hypothesize that ketogenesis is detectable and related body weight loss would occur during the first week of Qigong Bigu practice. Methods During the prospective observational study, 34 healthy adult participants attended the Qigong Bigu practice for one week. The blood pressure, body weight, calorie consumption, blood glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate level were measured. Results The body weight and body mass index decreased by 2.39 ± 1.34 kg (95%CI 1.92–2.85) and 0.94 ± 0.57 (95%CI 0.73–1.15), respectively, after five days of practice (P < 0.001). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 17.86 ± 14.17 mmHg (95%CI 12.36–23.35) and 9.75 ± 7.45 mmHg (95%CI 6.86–12.64), respectively (P < 0.001). The average five-day calorie consumption was 1197.47 ± 569.97 kcal (95%CI 998.60–1396.35). Meanwhile, no symptomatic hypoglycemia or other significant side effects were observed. The blood beta-hydroxybutyrate level increased to a nutritional level of 1.15 ± 1.12 mmol/L (95%CI 0.76–1.62). The calorie consumption negatively correlated to the beta-hydroxybutyrate level in the blood. The loss of body weight and the decrease of body mass index were positively correlated to the blood beta-hydroxybutyrate level. Conclusions Qigong Bigu can decrease the blood pressure, the body weight and the body mass index in healthy adult participants. The fasting stage of Qigong Bigu is accompanied by ketogenesis. Clinical trial of Qigong Bigu in hypertension and epilepsy patients might be worthwhile. The blood beta-hydroxybutyrate might be used as a biomarker to evaluate the effect of Qigong Bigu practice during fasting. Trial registration ChiCTR1800016923.

Incorporation of Physical Activity Challenges Within a Sport Education–Based Physical Education Class

This study examined the impact of including a formal requirement of achieving predetermined energy expenditures as part of students’ participation grades during a Sport Education–based college physical education class. Calorie consumption was measured using the Heart Zones Blink 3.0 sensor, and the percentage of students who reached the lesson target was calculated across a 15-week semester. The instructor kept a weekly journal and students participated in interviews at mid and end of term. Results showed that the average calorie consumption across the semester well exceeded the daily targets, while the percentage of students who reached the daily challenge cutoff ranged from 77% to 100% (average = 87%). Analysis of the journal entries and interviews resulted in the generation of four themes: students’ commitment to reaching the activity targets, group-based strategies for achieving physical activity targets, activity consequences of officiating roles, and activity challenges problematized skill development for some. Subscribe to TPE

Really Rewarding Rewards: Strategic Licensing in Long-Term Healthy Food Consumption

Licensing is a well-documented form of justifying individual indulgent choices, but less is known about how licensing affects food decision-making patterns over time. Accordingly, we examine whether consumers incorporate licensing strategically and deliberately in their long-term consumption patterns and identify reward programs as a context in which strategic licensing is likely to occur. We propose that members with lower-calorie consumption patterns strategically indulge more on reward purchase occasions, and that forethought is required for such an effect to occur. A longitudinal study analyzing 272,677 real food purchases made by 7,828 consumers over a 14-month period provides striking evidence of our key proposition. An exploration of the inter-purchase time-related aspect of purchase acceleration suggests that forethought on behalf of consumers is necessary for strategic licensing to occur. A subsequent experimental study (N = 605) comprising five consecutive choice occasions provides additional evidence of forethought by demonstrating that strategic licensing occurs only when expected (but not windfall reward) occasions are involved, and by showing that anticipated negative affect for not indulging is the driving mechanism. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results for consumers, managers, and public policy makers.

Self-Organizing Map Menggunakan Davies-Bouldin Index dalam Pengelompokan Wilayah Indonesia Berdasarkan Konsumsi Pangan

ABSTRAKKecukupan konsumsi pangan merupakan salah satu penunjang terbentuknya sumber daya manusia unggul yang menjadi fokus kebijakan pembangunan di Indonesia. Agar konsumsi pangan terpenuhi, salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan pengelompokan wilayah berdasarkan konsumsi pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan wilayah Indonesia berdasarkan konsumsi pangan berdasarkan data konsumsi kalori per kapita sehari dari berbagai komoditas pangan. Pengelompokan wilayah dilakukan dengan metode self-organizing map (SOM) dengan terlebih dahulu ditentukan jumlah cluster optimum menggunakan nilai Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) terkecil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil cluster optimum yang terbentuk sejumlah 4 cluster dengan jumlah anggota untuk cluster 1 sebanyak 22 provinsi, cluster 2 sebanyak 10 provinsi, cluster 3 sebanyak 1 provinsi, dan cluster 4 sebanyak 1 provinsi.ABSTRACTAdequate food consumption is one of the supports for forming superior human resources, which is the focus of development policies in Indonesia. To fulfill food consumption, one way to be done is to group regions based on food consumption. This study aims to classify regions of Indonesia based on food consumption based on average daily per capita calorie consumption data from various food commodities. Regional grouping is done using the self-organizing map (SOM) method by first determining the optimum number of clusters using the smallest Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) value. The results showed that the optimum cluster results were 4 clusters with the number of members for cluster 1 as many as 22 provinces, cluster 2 as many as 10 provinces, cluster 3 as many as 1 province, and cluster 4 as many as 1 province.

309 Food consumption and meal timing in hospital nurses with shift work: A preliminary study

Introduction One of the important nonphotic zeitgebers is food consumption. The timing of food consumption in relation to melatonin onset has been reported to be associated with fat proportion and BMI. Irregular meal timing along with irregular sleep schedules due to shift work would increase the metabolism problem as well as influencing sleep problems. The aim of the study is to evaluate the meal timing and food consumption in shift workers. Methods The nurses with 3-rapid rotating shifts were enrolled to keep food diaries for two weeks including all three shift schedules. They filled out a morningness-eveningness questionnaire. They wore actigraphy to monitor sleep-wake patterns with a daily sleep diary. The timing and the frequencies of meal/snack and caffeine consumption during each shift and day-off were reviewed. The calorie from each food was calculated depending on the nutritional information on the internet. Results 13 female nurses were screened and 6 finished the study. The mean age is 29.4±7.69 years and the mean body mass index was 20.2±1.1kg/m2. Average frequencies of meals are 2.59±0.49, 1.66±0.75, 1.93±0.41, 2.09±0.96 times per day, and average frequencies of snack consumption are 1.37±0.9, 1.07±0.74, 0.75±0.82, 0.96±0.79 times per day for the morning, evening, night, and the day off, respectively. Total calorie consumed are 1662.5±564.8, 1380.8 ± 940.3, 1596.8±838.1, 1505.8±706.9 kcals in the same order. Caffeine consumption was 0.29±0.46, 0.4±0.48, 0.72±0.65, 0.46±0.54 cups per day in the same order. One subject with morning type showed a relatively regular meal schedule throughout the shifts. The timing for main calorie consumption seemed to show delayed on evening and night shifts than morning shift although total calorie consumption was similar between each shift. Conclusion Although this is a preliminary study with a small number of subjects, it showed shift worker nurses have an inconsistent number of meals and calorie intake depending on their shifts. Caffeine consumption is very lower than expected. The subject with morning chronotype seemed to keep relatively regular meal timing throughout the shifts, suggesting chronotype influences meal timing in shift workers. Support (if any) This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2019R1A2C1090643).

Exiguous premeal saccharide intake reduces subsequent food intake in men

Purpose Satiety is a crucial factor in the attempt to reduce food intake for long-term body weight loss. Since there is evidence for a negative correlation between cerebral energy levels and food intake, the provision of the primary energy substrate glucose to the brain through oral ingestion of carbohydrates could trigger feelings of satiety. Therefore, we hypothesized that a low-calorie saccharide preload would increase satiety, reduce subsequent food intake, and thereby decrease overall calorie consumption. Methods In a randomized single-blind crossover study, 17 healthy young normal-weight men received saccharide (26 kcal in total) or placebo capsules 30 min before a standardized breakfast buffet. We analysed food intake from the test buffet as well as plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Results The saccharide preload reduced food intake from the buffet by 168 (± 34) kcal (p < 0.001) compared to control. This corresponds to a net reduction in total calorie consumption by 142 (± 34) kcal (p < 0.001) or 9.3% due to saccharide capsules. Conclusion A very low-calorie saccharide preload considerably reduces subsequent food intake leading to decreased overall calorie consumption. A saccharide preload before meals could, therefore, be a promising support for reducing caloric intake. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00010281 (date of registration: 11.04.2016)

Calorie Consumption and Indonesia’s Household Expenditure: Is There a Paradox?

During 2011-2014, anecdotal evidence suggested a paradox in Indonesia concerning calorie intake that had fallen, despite increased per capita expenditure and household size. This study will rigorously analyze calorie intake by applying several analytical methods, mainly repeated cross-section methods using an instrumental variable. The study used national scale data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) in March 2011-2014. This study finds a meaningful relationship between calorie intake and per capita expenditure and household size in Indonesia in the 2011-2014 period. Besides, calorie needs and the "Subsidized Rice for the Poor" or the Raskin program are positively correlated with calorie intake. The research also suggests that the government needs to maintain household food assistance programs, ensure the stability of staple food prices, and apply economies of scale in calculating the poverty line.JEL Classification: C31, C36, D12, D90Rustam., Ikhsan, M., Hartono, D., & Sumarto, S.. (2021). Calorie Consumption and Indonesia’s Household Expenditure: Is There A Paradox?. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10 (1), 1-12. http://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15310.