Does Rent-seeking Affect Environmental Regulation? Evidence from The Survey Data of Private Enterprises in China

Resource utilization not only meets the needs of economic development, but also has a far-reaching negative impact on the environment. Environmental regulation is regarded as the key measure to solve environmental pollution. However, the rent-seeking behavior of local enterprises will seriously weaken the implementation effect of environmental regulations. Under the background of the development of big data era, the massive micro enterprise data provided by China's private enterprise survey database provides favorable conditions for this paper to study its impact effect from the direction of big data. This paper uses OLS model and Tobit model to investigate the impact of rent-seeking on the implementation effect of environmental regulation. The results show that environmental regulation will make honest enterprises actively reduce output to control the emission level. However, rent-seeking enterprises will further expand their output to gain greater profits because they are sheltered by local governments.

A China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups Script Development Based On R Language

Background: To develop a set of R scripts that could efficiently and accurately identify the home page information of medical records and perform China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) simulating grouping.Methods: Based on the CHS-DRG grouping rules, we abstracted the DRG grouping process into a standard algorithm and compiled the R script Z-DRG. The DRG simulating groupings by Z-DRG were compared with the DRG results from the regional CHS-DRG integrated service platform to evaluate the accuracy.Results: The Z-DRG includes one function module (zdrgfun. Rc), one operation module (zdrgpro. R) and one database form (zdrgcodes.RData). The function module set 7 algorithm steps and 8 custom functions. The functions were set for multiple diagnoses, multiple operations, joint diagnosis and operation. Only (17.85±0.11) milliseconds were taken for CHS-DRG simulating grouping of one case. Compared with the regional CHS-DRG results, the accuracy rate was 99.10%. The difference in the number of other diagnoses is the main reason that affected the accuracy.Conclusions: Z-DRG is easy to operate. The CHS-DRG simulating groupings were efficient and accurate. The simulation results could be effectively applied for medical institutions to carry out CHS-DRG grouping prediction and improve the implementation effect of CHS-DRG payment work.

Exploring the Effect of Family Life and Neighbourhood on the Willingness of Household Waste Sorting

For developing countries, garbage classification has become an important measure to handle the environmental pollution crisis. This empirical study examined urban and rural families’ willingness to sort and deposit garbage at fixed recycling points. We found that urban residents demonstrated a significantly higher willingness to sort and deposit garbage at designated points compared to rural residents. The average number of family meals per month, average monthly household food expenditure, household cleanliness, and household crowding (spaciousness) are significantly related to a family’s willingness to sort garbage. In terms of neighbourhood factors, families living in neighbourhoods with property management are more likely to have a higher willingness to sort garbage. The degree of air pollution in the neighbourhood also has an impact on the family’s willingness to sort garbage. This study proposes that neighbourhood factors have a non-negligible influence on a household’s willingness to sort and put garbage in designated locations. Especially in urban neighbourhoods, the willingness of residents living in commodity housing neighbourhoods to sort and place garbage at designated locations is significantly higher than that of residents living in other neighbourhoods. To improve the implementation effect of the waste sorting policy, we suggest that the configuration of neighbourhood garbage recycling services and facilities should be improved so that people can sort garbage more conveniently.

Farmers’ Satisfaction with Land Expropriation System Reform: A Case Study in China

Farmers’ satisfaction with reform of the land expropriation system has not been fully examined, so it is difficult to comprehensively and successfully judge the effectiveness of the reforms. Traditional statistical methods cannot accurately explain the relationship between the variables. In order to fully understand the implementation, progress, and applicability of land expropriation system reform, this paper analyzes the factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction, presents the shortcomings of land expropriation system reform, and puts forward improvement suggestions. Taking the land expropriation system reform pilot in Dingzhou city as an example, this paper investigates the satisfaction of the farmers who have had their land expropriated by establishing a structural equation model (SEM) to obtain feedback on the implementation effect of the pilot work. The results show that the factors affecting farmers’ satisfaction with the reform of land expropriation systems can be summarized into four variables: land expropriation compensation standard, land income distribution, land expropriation security mode, and land expropriation procedure. The parameter estimation between these four potential variables and their corresponding observation variables shows that, in the process of land expropriation, the comparison of land expropriation compensation standards and observation variables with market entry projects is an important factor affecting the satisfaction of farmers with regard to land expropriation. The income of municipal and county governments and village collective incomes have a great impact on farmers, indicating that the satisfaction of farmers is not only related to the absolute level of compensation and income, but is also affected by the relative level. In addition, providing farmers with a variety of reasonable security methods is an important element to enable the smooth progress of land expropriation. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the formulation of land expropriation schemes and emergency plans to solve land expropriation conflicts.

Study on the Characteristics of Self-Stabilizing Height Distribution for Deep Foundation Pit Vertical Sidewall in Binary Strata of Upper Soil and Lower Rock

The self-stability height of the foundation pit sidewall is an important criterion for evaluating the safety degree and designing the supporting structure. The strength reduction elastic-plastic finite element numerical calculation method has been adopted in this paper. Based on comparative analysis of the stability characteristics for deep foundation pit in binary strata of upper soil and lower rock under multiple working conditions, the potential fracture surface of deep foundation pit and the evolution law of corresponding safety factor have been revealed under different Hs and H. A new idea that the vertical soil sidewall height (Hs) and the vertical rock sidewall height (Hr) are used as two independent evaluation indexes, respectively, for deep foundation pit stability in binary strata of upper soil and lower rock has been put forward. The distribution characteristics and variation law of Hs0 and Hr0 under different Hs and different H have been revealed, respectively. The spatial distribution map of the self-stabilizing height for deep foundation pit vertical sidewall in upper soil and lower rock binary stratum has been constructed, and the mathematical fitting equation between Hr0 and Hs has been obtained. Finally, combined with the implementation effect of the deep foundation pit project of Ningxia Road Station for Qingdao Metro Line 3, the rationality of the conclusions is verified. The research results provide theoretical basis for quickly determining the self-stability characteristics of foundation pit vertical sidewall.

Will Green Finance Contribute to a Green Recovery? Evidence From Green Financial Pilot Zone in China

In the post-epidemic era, green finance plays a more significant role in supporting the “green recovery” of the economy, so it is necessary to evaluate the implementation effect of previous green financial policies. In 2017, the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone set up in five provinces and autonomous regions made an exploration in the development of green finance. From the perspective of micro-enterprises, can this policy play a beneficial policy effect in the long run? Based on the quasi-natural experiment of green finance pilot, using the data of A-share listed companies, this paper empirically tests the impact of pilot policies on the long-term value of green enterprises in pilot areas. It is found that, compared with non-pilot zones, the green finance pilot enables a significant increase in the Tobin Q-measured value of green enterprises in the pilot zones. Heterogeneity analysis shows that green finance pilot has a more significant impact on non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises in traditional industries, large enterprises, and enterprises in the eastern region of China. Green finance pilot zone can achieve better policy effects in areas with stronger environmental impact regulation and higher financial development levels. The mechanism test shows that the green finance pilot affects the long-term value of green enterprises through the capital market effect improving the stock trading activity of enterprises and through the real effect improving the operational efficiency and profitability of enterprises. From the perspective of micro-enterprises, this paper enriches the research on the development effect of green finance and provides theoretical support for the effect evaluation of green finance pilot policies.

Research and Application of Standardization of Field Maintenance of Centrifuge Compressor in Long-Distance Pipeline

This paper expounds the necessity of carrying out the standardization of on-site maintenance and puts forward the problems in the current maintenance. Besides, solutions were proposed based on the problems and the implementation effect was eventually summarized.