Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge, Perspectives and Practices in Stem Education: An Interview Study

Early STEM education has a great potential to support children’s development in constructing their own knowledge, in designing, discussing and testing ideas and finding solutions to different problems. Significant role in achieving the goals of STEM education is played by the teacher, who scaffolds the learning process, builds a creative learning environment, provokes children with open questions and guides them to test their hypothesis as young scientists, mathematicians, engineers and technology users. Preschool teachers’ knowledge and perspectives could seriously influence their practices in STEM education and respectively, the fulfilment of STEM learning outcomes. It is very important to explore in depth teachers’ views and experiences thus to plan and provide appropriate courses for their academic preparation or continuous professional development. While reviewing some popular misconceptions for STEM education amongst teachers, this paper presents the results of pre- and post-interviews conducted with teachers from Bulgaria in the framework of the European multilateral Erasmus+ project №2018-1-TR01-KA203-059568 “STEM for Pre-schoolers and Their Families” (PARENTSTEM) (2018–2021). The overall goal of this project was to increase family involvement in the STEM education process of early childhood children specifically coming from low socio-economic status. As a part of this goal implementation, the project aimed to extend conceptual and pedagogical knowledge of early childhood teachers on STEM. In the frame of the project the preschool teachers-participants in the study were provided with three teacher trainings (two international and one national) and were additionally supported with the intellectual outputs of the project. This paper attempted to identify teachers’ preliminary knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards STEM conceptualization and pedagogy and to describe the relative influence of the project teacher trainings and activities on them. The results of the research unambiguously demonstrated the need for training of preschool teachers in terms of STEM education, outlining the main focuses to be considered when constructing STEM courses intended for preschool teachers.

The potential of a marginal approach in the study of deviations in human behavior

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью междисциплинарного изучения отклонений в поведении человека. В статье показаны предпосылки раскрытия потенциала предельного подхода в изучении отклоняющегося поведения и делается акцент на философском исследовании данного феномена как элемента субъективной реальности. Это согласуется с построением онтологии знания позволяющего раскрыть новую предельную реальность поведения человека. Выявлена необходимость обозначения границ предельной реальности, проявляющейся в настоящем. Определены условия, в которых проявится потенциал идентификации возможных отклонений в представлении человека, а это существование двух пространств (событийное и не событийное), создающих рассогласование во взаимодействии с миром. Автором делается анализ основных философских тем описания объективной реальности и теоретико-методологическое описание возникновения закономерностей отклонения в поведении с точки зрения предельного подхода. В результате проведённого анализа показано, что предельная реальность заключает в себе эффективность, результативность и нормативность окружающей среды. Выявлено, что при проведении исследований отклоняющегося поведения необходимо учитывать предельную реальность с позиции ее эффективности связанной с соотношением достижений и возможностей и результативности проявляющейся на уровне реализации цели. Статья предназначена для аспирантов, соискателей ученой степени, исследователей, изучающих проблемы межличностного взаимодействия, педагогов и психологов. Limiting approach in the study of deviant behavior and focuses on the philosophical study of this phenomenon as an element of subjective reality. This is consistent with the construction of an ontology of knowledge that allows you to reveal a new ultimate reality of human behavior. Revealed the need to designate the boundaries of the ultimate reality, manifested in the present. The conditions are determined in which the potential of identifying possible deviations in a person's representation will manifest itself, and this is the existence of two spaces (eventual and non-eventual) that create a mismatch in interaction with the world. The author analyzes the main philosophical themes of describing objective reality and a theoretical and methodological description of the emergence of patterns of deviation in behavior from the point of view of the limiting approach. As a result of the conducted reflections, it is shown that the ultimate reality includes the effectiveness, efficiency and normativity of the environment. It was revealed that when conducting research on deviant behavior, it is necessary to take into account the ultimate reality from the standpoint of its effectiveness associated with the ratio of achievements and opportunities and the effectiveness manifested at the level of goal implementation. The article is intended for graduate students, degree seekers, researchers studying the problems of interpersonal interaction, teachers and psychologists.

Application and Development of Electronic Computers in Aero Engine Design and Manufacture

This paper has introduced the development of CAD and CAM at home and abroad, especially the application in aero engine; The development goal, implementation steps and assumption of computer system configuration of CAD / CAM technology for aero engine in China are put forward combined with the current situation of CAD / CAM technology in China.

Strategic Activity Planning for Emotionally Disturbed Children and Adolescents

Strategically planned activity components for residential treatment program directly reduced the amount of negative acting out which must be managed in the cottage environment. Sequentially guided creative tasks can provide a supportive central core for treatment goal implementation. Organized activities serve to measure progress towards individual and peer relationship objectives. Specific step-by-step strategies and projects are recommended for use within the therapeutic milieu for emotionally disturbed children and adolescents.

CULTURE OF PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTION IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS MANAGEMENT

In the publication the necessity of comprehensive educational establishment teachers’ mutual systemic and structured interaction with the school administration has been raised The need for teachers’ professional proficiency development and collaboration with methodological work doers for an efficient educational process provision are especially emphasized, as well as urgency for new productive cooperation models has been marked out, which, providing pedagogical interaction, gives an opportunity to increase in a qualitative way pupils’ achievements, the study process outcome improvement in the education content during the time of changes or transformation. The authors of the article raise a hypothetical question whether interaction among the subjects involved in intervention actually exist and how efficient it is, in order to move towards common goal implementation and qualitative development of pupils’ outcomes in the discourse of multistage cooperative relationships. Observing and analysing the course of educational establishments’ different pedagogical and management processes, features have been detected that the aspects of interaction culture are uncertain, which reveals challenges for search of a new approach to collaborative models.

МОТИВАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДО ОБМІНУ ЗНАННЯМИ

The article deals with the key issues of the motivation specificity of implementing the intellectual activity of the personnel in an organization on the basis of knowledge economics. The construction of a mechanism of motivation in an organization that would stimulate extremely constructive behaviour that builds effective communication to achieve a consistent result of the team was proposed. The author studied the aspect of the goal implementation of "readiness for knowledge exchange" through the triad of procedures motive - motivation - an incentive to manage the knowledge of the organization, multiplication and transformation into a product of consumption.Based on the analysis of a number of theoretical sources, the goal is to identify and approve the meaning of “active intellectual organization” (“intellectual activity”) with the requirements of the production (of the society) based on competent economy and the possibility of its use as a measure of the intelligence formation of early transition to innovation.The further development is given to the definition of what constitutes “intellectual activity” by providing two main components of the factors that are defined, determining the meaning of the term - the mental ability of each person and the motivation of their activities, and a clear focus on what each of these factors is the only necessity, but is not sufficient, and only the two together are necessary and sufficient for the generation of intellectual activity. Axiomatic method, methods of theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis in order to clarify the meaning of “motivation” are used in the process of the study.

The city, its inhabitants and the urban living environment in the conditions of advancing motorisation (an example of Poznań)

When observing the development and operation of modern cities, one can quickly come to the conclusion that in the recent years the chief factor of the spatial-structural transformation of cities in Poland (though not only there) and the spatial behaviour of their residents has been motorisation, and more precisely, the car. This is so because the car, while facilitating and intensifying mobility, makes it possible to draw places of residence apart from those of goal implementation. The ever-growing number of cars moving around a city leads to disturbances in street traffic, makes the service of residents worse, causes many road accidents, and brings about unfavourable qualitative changes in the environment. That is why in many recent conceptions of urban development there appear measures intended to restrict the use of cars, which is one of the ways leading to the construction of ‘a city for people’. This paper presents the effect of motorisation on modern cities as documented by statistical data concerning Poznań, one of the largest and oldest Polish cities.

Interpersonal Processes of Couples’ Daily Support for Goal Pursuit: The Example of Physical Activity

Little is known about how couples’ social support facilitates the pursuit of important goals in daily life. Using an interpersonal perspective, we examined the effects of support provision and receipt on same-day physical activity, and studied the role of partners’ joint engagement in activities. One hundred nineteen heterosexual couples reported on target persons’ received and partners’ provided support across 28 diary days, yielding 2,854 valid days. A dyadic report on couples’ joint engagement was obtained from a subset of 88 couples. Target persons’ daily activity was objectively assessed via accelerometers. On days with high versus low levels of provided support, target persons’ activity was 25 min higher. Support receipt mediated 20% of this effect. Joint engagement accounted for around half of the effects of provided and received support. Support provision is uniquely linked to goal implementation in everyday life. Joint engagement in activities may be one explanation for how support is facilitated.

PERBAIKAN FABRIKASI PALLET BOX DENGAN DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING (DFM) UNTUK MEMINIMASI BIAYA PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS

<p>Improvement of product was needed by every company to increase process efficiency. One of the product<br />improvement methods is approached by design for manufacturing (DFM). This method is design method to be<br />used to product fabrication considering minimum cost of component, assembly and overhead. PT.Indo Mada Yasa<br />that fabricated pallet box had focus on reducing component and improve production process. Reducing<br />component conducted by eliminate non added value material but still considering quality of the product.<br />Production process can be improved by simplifying the production process. The main goal implementation of of<br />process efficiency is mimimize cost of production and quality. Result of DFM method implementation to produce<br />1 piece of pallet box will minimize the production cost until 20.0 % and minimize quality cost until 27.1%.</p>