Melatonin Ameliorates The Toxicity Induced By Deoxynivalenol In Murine Ovary Granulosa Cells By Antioxidative And Anti-Inflammatory

Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common fusarium mycotoxin contaminant of food and feedstuff, posing a serious threat to human and animal reproductive system by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The antioxidant melatonin participates in immunoregulation, playing a crucial role in animal development. So, our present study aimed to explore DON-induced toxicity in murine ovary granulosa cells (GCs), and assess the potential protective effect of melatonin. Results: Melatonin inhibits DON-induced oxidative stress in murine ovary GCs by decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, ameliorates DON-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. And inhibits the inflammatory response through inhibits reduce the activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs induced by DON. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved the down-regulation of reproductive hormone gene expression induced by DON contaminant. These results once again demonstrate the properties of melatonin: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.Conclusions: Melatonin have beneficial effects on mitigating the toxicity induced by deoxynivalenol in ovary Granulosa Cells. Offer a novel therapeutic strategy against mycotoxin contamination-induce diseases

Direct and Competitive Optical Grating Immunosensors for Determination of Fusarium Mycotoxin Zearalenone

Novel optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS)-based immunosensor formats were developed for label-free detection of Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZON). To achieve low limits of detection (LODs), both immobilised antibody-based (direct) and immobilised antigen-based (competitive) assay setups were applied. Immunoreagents were immobilised on epoxy-, amino-, and carboxyl-functionalised sensor surfaces, and by optimising the immobilisation methods, standard sigmoid curves were obtained in both sensor formats. An outstanding LOD of 0.002 pg/mL was obtained for ZON in the competitive immunosensor setup with a dynamic detection range between 0.01 and 1 pg/mL ZON concentrations, depending on the covalent immobilisation method applied. This corresponds to a five orders of magnitude improvement in detectability of ZON relative to the previously developed enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The selectivity of the immunosensor for ZON was demonstrated with structural analogues (α-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) and structurally unrelated mycotoxins. The method was found to be applicable in maize extract using acetonitrile as the organic solvent, upon a dilution rate of 1:10,000 in buffer. Thus, the OWLS immunosensor method developed appears to be suitable for the quantitative determination of ZON in aqueous medium. The new technique can widen the range of sensoric detection methods of ZON for surveys in food and environmental safety assessment.

Incidence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania

In this study, ten Fusarium toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed by the determination of toxins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Fusarium toxins were found in 23% of the analysed wheat samples and in 78% of maize samples. In maize samples, most often fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were found. They were present in 76% of samples. They were detected in all positive samples except in one with concentrations ranging from 59.9 to 16,970 μg/kg. The sum of FB1 and FB2 exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (4000 μg/kg) in 31% of maize samples. In wheat samples, the only detected Fusarium mycotoxin was deoxynivalenol (DON), present in 23% of samples. In one sample with the concentration of 1916 μg/kg, the EU maximum permitted level (1250 μg/kg) was exceeded. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania.

Root rot toxines as a factor in the selection of resistant forms of oats in vitro

The oat regenerants with resistance to the Fusarium mycotoxin influence were obtained in vitro on selective media with different concentrations of root rot culture filtrate.