scholarly journals Appendix 2: Major Differences between Old Church Slavonic and Old Rusian

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Modern Russian

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">This appendix gives you a brief overview of the major differences between Old Church Slavonic and Old Rusian. This is obviously useful when you are working with Old Church Slavonic texts, but it also enables you to identify slavonicisms (Church Slavic elements) in Old Rusian and Modern Russian texts. For more information and examples, see Galinskaja (1997: 6–8).</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3507/156"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Major differences OR OCS</span></a></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 7. Morphology: Numbers and Numerals

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Separate Part ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Numbers are very often rendered as letters in medieval texts. Only occasionally you encounter numbers written out, so that we can see how they were pronounced and inflected. It is nevertheless worthwhile to explore the Common Slavic and Old Rusian number systems, because they provide historical explanations of many idiosyncracies and exceptions you have struggled with in Modern Russian. Have you ever wondered why два, три and четыре combine with nouns in the genitive singular? And did you know where the numeral сорок ‘forty’ comes from? After you have read this chapter you will know the answers!</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p>Click on the links below to learn more!</p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3497/152">7.1 Numerals - a separate part of speech</a></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 13. Phonology: Stress and Vowel Reduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Complex Stress ◽  
Vowel Reduction ◽  
Font Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stress Patterns ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Where do the complex stress patterns in Modern Russian come from? And why is Москва ‘Moscow’ pronounced with an unstressed [a] in the first syllable? In this chapter, you learn about the history of two related phenomena that cause problems for learners of Russian: stress patterns and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3503/153"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">13.2 Akanje</span></a></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 12. Phonology: From Old Rusian to Modern Russian

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Why does Modern Russian have mobile vowels, such as /o/ in сон ‘dream’, which disappear in inflected forms such as the genitive singular сна? Why can the letters к, г, х be followed by и, but not ы? Why is род ‘family’ pronounced with [t] at the end, when it is spelled with the letter д, and why is легко ‘easy’ spelled with the letter г? This chapter shows that this and many other problems you have struggled with in Modern Russian are the result of phonological changes in medieval times.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p>Click on the links below to learn more!</p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3502/136" target="_blank">12.2 Jers</a> - licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 8. Morphology: Verbs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Modern Russian

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Numerous exceptions and idiosyncrasies make the verb a major challenge in Modern Russian. Why are present tense forms inflected for first, second and third person, while past tense forms are inflected for masculine, feminine and neuter gender? Where do all the consonant alternations in verbs come from? Why is the particle бы used to form subjunctive constructions? You will find answers to these and many other questions in this chapter, which explores all the verb forms in Old Rusian, and explains how the modern verb system has developed.</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3498/147">8.3 Aorist and imperfect</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 10. Phonology: Pre-Slavic and Common Slavic Vowels and Diphthongs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contemporary Standard ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Now that you have learned about morphology and syntax, you are ready for phonology – the study of sound systems. Phonology is the topic of this and the following three chapters. We start with vowels and diphthongs in the Pre-Slavic and Common Slavic periods. You will learn how the difference between short and long vowels disappeared, and how a number of sound laws created a special type of syllables called “open syllables”. In addition, this chapter gives you the answer to a number of questions about Modern Russian. Why are there no words beginning with the letter ы in Contemporary Standard Russian? Why is ‘city’ represented as град in Leningrad and Stalingrad, but город in Novgorod? Why does the letter н show up in the inflected forms of nouns like имя and время (cf. nominative singular имя vs. genitive singular име<strong>н</strong>и)?</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3500/135" target="_blank">10.4 Open syllables </a>  - licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3500/135" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 11. Phonology: Pre-Slavic and Common Slavic Consonants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Contemporary Standard ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">While studying Modern Russian grammar, you have no doubt struggled with the consonant alternations in verbal stems. Why does the stem have different shapes in могу ‘I can’ and можешь ‘you can’? Why are there consonant alternations in verbs like писать ‘write’ (пишу, пишешь, пишут) and любить ‘love’ (люблю, любишь, любят)? And why are alternations characteristic of verbs, but not of nouns? In order to find answers, we have to go back in time. This chapter compares the consonant system of Contemporary Standard Russian with those of Late Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Slavic, and Old Rusian (section 11.1), and then takes you through consonant changes in Pre-Slavic (sections 11.2–11.3) and Common Slavic (sections 11.4–11.9).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3501/161">11.3 Ruki rule</a><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Chapter 9. Syntax

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Modern Russian

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In this chapter you will learn about the structure of sentences in Old Rusian. We will focus on case usage (sections 9.1–9.6), important syntactic constructions (sections 9.7–9.9), as well as agreement, clitics and complex sentences (sections 9.10–9.12). As you read along, you will gain a better understanding of Modern Russian too. You will see that modern adverbs such as домой ‘homewards’, сегодня ‘today’ and вчера ‘yesterday’ are relicts of Old Rusian syntactic constructions. Among the curious facts explained in this chapter is also why ‑ся is always attached to the end of the verb in Modern Russian.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p>Click on the links below to learn more!</p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3499/150">9.9 Dative absolute</a></p>

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