scholarly journals Different effects of soil drought on soluble carbohydrates of developing Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus luteus embryos

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Barbara Adomas ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

The aim of this study was to compare the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in embryos of two lupin species: cultivated <em>Lupinus luteus</em> (cv. Juno) and wild <em>L. pilosus</em>, developing on plants grown under normal soil humidity and soil drought. All analysed seeds accumulated soluble carbohydrates, including: monosaccharides, sucrose, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Soil drought caused a nearly two-fold increase of soluble carbohydrate contents in both species. <em>L. pilosus</em> embryos however, responded to water deficiency by increasing the accumulation of cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols, whereas <em>L. luteus</em> embryos enhanced accumulation of cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Irena Giełwanowska ◽  
Anna Bochenek ◽  
Paweł Loro ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Eight to nineteen ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in vegetative tissues of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols, raffinose family oligosaccharides, lichnose family oligosaccharides, kestose family oligosaccharides. The analysed vegetative tissues accumulated from 447 to 139 mg/g d.m. soluble carbohydrates in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em>, <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em> respectively. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 53.3% in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> of the identified soluble carbohydrate component pool. Vegetative tissues accumulated starch in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> 20.6 mg/g d.m. and 261.6 mg/g d.m. in <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. Anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative part of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em> revealed the presence of various ergastic materials in intercellular spaces, cell walls and protoplasts. Various parts of these plants contain insoluble, PAS positive polysaccharides in intercellular spaces and in cell walls. Chloroplasts of analysed tissues contained starch. Less starch was visible in young, growing parts of shoots of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em>, more starch appears in mature, differentiated parts.

scholarly journals Composition of seed soluble carbohydrates and ultrastructural diversity of testa in lupins from the mediterranean region

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

This article present a comparison of soluble sugar levels in seeds of <em>Lupinus atlanticus</em>, <em>Lupinus cosentinii</em>, <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em> and <em>Lupinus pilosus</em>, <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em> subsp. <em>hispanicus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em> of Juno variety. Considering that sugars are accumulated in embryos, only the embryonic tissues were used for biochemical analyses. Additionally, the share of testa and embryo in seed tissues was evaluated. The seed-coat thickness was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The seed coat had the largest share in seeds of <em>Lupinus pilosus</em> and <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em>, and the least share in seeds of <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em> subsp. <em>hispanicus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em> of Juno variety. In the seed of <em>Lupinus pilosus</em> the thickness of the seed coat was 1100 µm, while in <em>Lupinus luteus</em> it was 300 µm. The analysed <em>Lupinus</em> seeds accumulated from 73 mg/g d.m. (dry matter of seed embryo) to 155 mg of soluble sugars/g d.m. The highest quantity of oligosaccharides of the raffinose series was found in seeds of <em>Lupinus luteus</em>, while the lowest amount in seed of <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em>. Galactosyl cyclitols appeared in largest amount in seeds of <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em> and <em>Lupinus pilosus</em>, appropriately 41.93 and 33.75 mg/g dm. The lowest amount of galactosyl cyclitols appeared in <em>Lupinus atlanticus</em>, <em>Lupinus cosentinii</em> and <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em>.

Soluble carbohydrates in desiccation tolerance of yellow lupin seeds during maturation and germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Górecki ◽  
A. I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
L. B. Lahuta ◽  
R. L. Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

AbstractMaturing yellow lupin seeds were desiccation tolerant. Glucose, sucrose and cyclitols (mainly D-pinitol, D-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol) were predominant at the early stages of seed growth. Accumulation of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and the galactosyl cyclitols including galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol, galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B, trigalactopinitol A, ciceritol, fagopyritol B1 and fagopyritol B2 appeared during seed maturation; their increase correlated with seed germinability after desiccation. The loss of desiccation tolerance after seed germination was also studied. For the desiccation tolerance test, intact seedlings were dried rapidly or slowly followed by rehydration. Soluble carbohydrates were assayed before and after drying. Root tissues were more sensitive to desiccation than hypocotyl tissues and completely lost desiccation tolerance within 36 h of imbibition after both fast and slow-drying treatments. Survival of hypocotyls decreased gradually up to 96 h after imbibition. Loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in axis tissues preceded visible germination. Loss of desiccation tolerance was accompanied by loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols and an increase in reducing sugars in cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle tissues. Drying did not induce the accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in seedling tissues.

scholarly journals Physiological-biochemical parameters and characteristics of seed coat structure in lupin seeds subjected to long storage at different temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Kamila Górska ◽  
Zofia Bulińska-Radomska ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lupin Seeds

Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14<sup>o</sup>C, 0<sup>o</sup>C or at room temperature (approx. +20<sup>o</sup>C). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20<sup>o</sup>C compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0<sup>o</sup>C and -14<sup>o</sup>C, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14<sup>o</sup>C. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0<sup>o</sup>C is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.

Soluble carbohydrates in legume seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Obendorf ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractMature dry legume seeds may contain up to 30 different soluble carbohydrates. Sucrose is a major component of the total soluble carbohydrates; others include the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs; raffinose, stachyose, verbascose) that are mono-, di- and tri-α-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose. Other galactosides may include α-galactosyl derivatives of the cyclitols myo-inositol (galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol and trigalactosyl myo-inositol), d-pinitol (galactopinitol A, digalactosyl pinitol A (ciceritol) and trigalactosyl pinitol A; and galactopinitol B; higher galactosyl oligomers of galactopintiol B have rarely been detected), d-chiro-inositol (fagopyritol B1, fagopyritol B2 and fagopyritol B3) and d-ononitol (galactosyl d-ononitol and digalactosyl d-ononitol). Small amounts of myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol may also be present. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose increase late in seed maturation, with 70% of RFOs accumulating after maximum seed dry weight is attained. RFOs are mostly degraded during germination. Sucrose, myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol are synthesized in maternal tissues of some legumes and are transported to and unloaded by seed coats into the apoplastic space surrounding developing seed embryos. Free cyclitols may be 60% of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves and 20% in seed coat cup exudates. Increasing the supply of free cyclitols may increase the accumulation of their respective α-galactosides in mature seeds. Seeds with reduced RFO accumulation, but with normal to elevated concentrations of galactosyl cyclitols (including fagopyritols), have normal field emergence and are also tolerant to imbibitional chilling under laboratory conditions. Molecular structures, biosynthetic pathways, accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in response to seed-expressed mutations and the physiological role of galactosides are reviewed.

scholarly journals The Role of Free Proline and Soluble Carbohydrates in Water Gypsum Stress on Some Gypsophyte and Gypsovag Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. OZDENIZ
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to identify the roles of free proline and soluble carbohydrates in water gypsum stress. This study is the first such study on gypsophyte and gypsovag plants. For this purpose, free proline and soluble carbohydrate contents in gypsophyteand gypsovag plants have been analyzed. It is known that proline increases under stress conditions and it is a nitrogen-containing compound with protective properties contributing to durability understress. Soluble carbohydrates accumulating under stress conditions, on the other hand, take on the protective task of regulating cell osmotic density. In gypsophytes, free proline is proportionally high (Ch/Pr:1.5 to 9.3) and the amount of soluble carbohydrates is low. In gypsovag individuals growing on gypsum, proline is proportionally low (Ch/Pr:25.5 to 9.2), but soluble carbohydrates are high. It is found that in gypsovag individuals growing on mediums other than gypsum, the amount of proline increases (Ch/Pr:11.6 to 8.5), but the proportion of soluble carbohydrate decreases. Accordingly, while gypsophytes adapt themselves to high proline amounts in response to water gypsum stress and gypsovags develop resistance to water gypsum stress with high amounts of soluble carbohydrates, it is observed that the Ch/Pr ratio in non-gypsum soils decreases.

scholarly journals Cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides in Mexican wild lupin seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Pedro Macedonio Gracia-Lopez ◽  
Krzysztof Gulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Component ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Ten to 16 ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in the seeds of six Mexican wild lupins. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, disaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Stachyose and sucrose were the main carbohydrate component in the <em>Lupinus montanus</em>, <em>L. rotundiflorus</em>, <em>L. exaltatus</em>, <em>L. mexicanus </em>and <em>L. elegans</em> seeds. Only trace quantities of verbascose were detected in <em>Lupinus mexicanus </em>seeds. The analysed seeds accumulated 38 to 78 mg/g d.m. carbohydrates. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 41 to 85.2% of the identified carbohydrate component pool. The analysed <em>Lupinus </em>seeds contained 3 to 8 unidentified carbohydrate components.

scholarly journals Mutations modulate soluble carbohydrates composition in seeds of Lathyrus sativus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Wojciech Rybiński ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Pea Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Seeds of <em>Lathyrus sativus</em> cv. Derek and Krab were used as biological material for induced mutagenesis. Three mutant lines were obtained from seeds of grass pea cv. Derek and 15 lines from mutagenised seeds of cv. Krab. Twelve ethanol-soluble carbohydrates were identified in the seeds. We have selected grass pea mutant lines with high oligosaccharides content (lines D4, K56, K25, and K7) and lines with low raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) content (lines K12, K29 and K13). Mutations changing the levels of RFO have not affected the contents of galactosyl cyclitols.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

Influence of environmental conditions on insect reproduction and chemical composition of escamoles (Liometopum apiculatum M)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Melo-Ruíz ◽  
K. Sánchez-Herrera ◽  
H. Sandoval-Trujillo ◽  
R. Díaz-García ◽  
T. Quirino-Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Escamoles, ant eggs (Liometopum apiculatum M), are edible insects consumed in great numbers and appreciated for their sensory characteristics, but not for their nutritional value. In Mexico, they reproduce in arid and semi-arid zones of Mexico and several states (Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo). Samples were gathered to determine reproduction conditions and perform an insect analysis to generate data composition in macronutrients, on dry basis, according to AOAC methods. The obtained data were: proteins: 42.12-50.63%; lipids: 30.27-34.96%; minerals: 6.53-7.85%; fibres: 1.91-2.56%; and soluble carbohydrates: 6.80-18.27%. Entomological material was collected in spring 2014, 3 nests for each zone, all from different altitudes and agroclimatic regions. Samples were representative for the insect supply in the areas studied. Insects are high in proteins and lipids, compared with most of the commonly consumed food, due to their high content of fatty acids; they must be refrigerated for later consumption. Minerals are moderated. Fibre and soluble carbohydrate levels are low, but an excess of proteins can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis. Escamoles reproduce once a year in the spring, but sometimes one nest can provide escamoles eggs twice in the same season, once at the beginning and again at the end, depending on the biotic and abiotic conditions of their environment. Escamoles are a good source of nutrients; however, some rural people sell them to obtain extra income rather than consume them to improve their nutritional condition and welfare.

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