scholarly journals Cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides in Mexican wild lupin seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Pedro Macedonio Gracia-Lopez ◽  
Krzysztof Gulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Component ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Ten to 16 ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in the seeds of six Mexican wild lupins. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, disaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Stachyose and sucrose were the main carbohydrate component in the <em>Lupinus montanus</em>, <em>L. rotundiflorus</em>, <em>L. exaltatus</em>, <em>L. mexicanus </em>and <em>L. elegans</em> seeds. Only trace quantities of verbascose were detected in <em>Lupinus mexicanus </em>seeds. The analysed seeds accumulated 38 to 78 mg/g d.m. carbohydrates. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 41 to 85.2% of the identified carbohydrate component pool. The analysed <em>Lupinus </em>seeds contained 3 to 8 unidentified carbohydrate components.

scholarly journals Carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Irena Giełwanowska ◽  
Anna Bochenek ◽  
Paweł Loro ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Eight to nineteen ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in vegetative tissues of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols, raffinose family oligosaccharides, lichnose family oligosaccharides, kestose family oligosaccharides. The analysed vegetative tissues accumulated from 447 to 139 mg/g d.m. soluble carbohydrates in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em>, <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em> respectively. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 53.3% in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> of the identified soluble carbohydrate component pool. Vegetative tissues accumulated starch in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> 20.6 mg/g d.m. and 261.6 mg/g d.m. in <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. Anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative part of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em> revealed the presence of various ergastic materials in intercellular spaces, cell walls and protoplasts. Various parts of these plants contain insoluble, PAS positive polysaccharides in intercellular spaces and in cell walls. Chloroplasts of analysed tissues contained starch. Less starch was visible in young, growing parts of shoots of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em>, more starch appears in mature, differentiated parts.

Soluble carbohydrates in desiccation tolerance of yellow lupin seeds during maturation and germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Górecki ◽  
A. I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
L. B. Lahuta ◽  
R. L. Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

AbstractMaturing yellow lupin seeds were desiccation tolerant. Glucose, sucrose and cyclitols (mainly D-pinitol, D-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol) were predominant at the early stages of seed growth. Accumulation of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and the galactosyl cyclitols including galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol, galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B, trigalactopinitol A, ciceritol, fagopyritol B1 and fagopyritol B2 appeared during seed maturation; their increase correlated with seed germinability after desiccation. The loss of desiccation tolerance after seed germination was also studied. For the desiccation tolerance test, intact seedlings were dried rapidly or slowly followed by rehydration. Soluble carbohydrates were assayed before and after drying. Root tissues were more sensitive to desiccation than hypocotyl tissues and completely lost desiccation tolerance within 36 h of imbibition after both fast and slow-drying treatments. Survival of hypocotyls decreased gradually up to 96 h after imbibition. Loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in axis tissues preceded visible germination. Loss of desiccation tolerance was accompanied by loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols and an increase in reducing sugars in cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle tissues. Drying did not induce the accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in seedling tissues.

scholarly journals Different effects of soil drought on soluble carbohydrates of developing Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus luteus embryos

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Barbara Adomas ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

The aim of this study was to compare the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in embryos of two lupin species: cultivated <em>Lupinus luteus</em> (cv. Juno) and wild <em>L. pilosus</em>, developing on plants grown under normal soil humidity and soil drought. All analysed seeds accumulated soluble carbohydrates, including: monosaccharides, sucrose, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Soil drought caused a nearly two-fold increase of soluble carbohydrate contents in both species. <em>L. pilosus</em> embryos however, responded to water deficiency by increasing the accumulation of cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols, whereas <em>L. luteus</em> embryos enhanced accumulation of cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Diurnal Changes in Water Soluble Carbohydrate Components in Leaves and Sucrose Associated TaSUT1 Gene Expression during Grain Development in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8276
Author(s):  
Sarah Al-Sheikh Ahmed ◽  
Jingjuan Zhang ◽  
Hussein Farhan ◽  
Yingquan Zhang ◽  
Zitong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

In plant tissues, sugar levels are determined by the balance between sugar import, export, and sugar synthesis. So far, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) dynamics have not been investigated in a diurnal context in wheat stems as compared to the dynamics in flag leaves during the terminal phases of grain filling. Here, we filled this research gap and tested the hypothesis that WSC dynamics interlink with gene expression of TaSUT1. The main stems and flag leaves of two genotypes, Westonia and Kauz, were sampled at four hourly intervals over a 24 h period at six developmental stages from heading to 28 DAA (days after anthesis). The total levels of WSC and WSC components were measured, and TaSUT1 gene expression was quantified at 21 DAA. On average, the total WSC and fructan levels in the stems were double those in the flag leaves. In both cultivars, diurnal patterns in the total WSC and sucrose were detected in leaves across all developmental stages, but not for the fructans 6-kestose and bifurcose. However, in stems, diurnal patterns of the total WSC and fructan were only found at anthesis in Kauz. The different levels of WSC and WSC components between Westonia and Kauz are likely associated with leaf chlorophyll levels and fructan degradation, especially 6-kestose degradation. High correlation between levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in leaves indicated that TaSUT1 expression is likely to be influenced by the level of sucrose in leaves, and the combination of high levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in Kauz may contribute to its high grain yield under well-watered conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological-biochemical parameters and characteristics of seed coat structure in lupin seeds subjected to long storage at different temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Kamila Górska ◽  
Zofia Bulińska-Radomska ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lupin Seeds

Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14<sup>o</sup>C, 0<sup>o</sup>C or at room temperature (approx. +20<sup>o</sup>C). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20<sup>o</sup>C compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0<sup>o</sup>C and -14<sup>o</sup>C, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14<sup>o</sup>C. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0<sup>o</sup>C is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.

Soluble carbohydrates in legume seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Obendorf ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractMature dry legume seeds may contain up to 30 different soluble carbohydrates. Sucrose is a major component of the total soluble carbohydrates; others include the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs; raffinose, stachyose, verbascose) that are mono-, di- and tri-α-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose. Other galactosides may include α-galactosyl derivatives of the cyclitols myo-inositol (galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol and trigalactosyl myo-inositol), d-pinitol (galactopinitol A, digalactosyl pinitol A (ciceritol) and trigalactosyl pinitol A; and galactopinitol B; higher galactosyl oligomers of galactopintiol B have rarely been detected), d-chiro-inositol (fagopyritol B1, fagopyritol B2 and fagopyritol B3) and d-ononitol (galactosyl d-ononitol and digalactosyl d-ononitol). Small amounts of myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol may also be present. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose increase late in seed maturation, with 70% of RFOs accumulating after maximum seed dry weight is attained. RFOs are mostly degraded during germination. Sucrose, myo-inositol, d-pinitol and d-chiro-inositol are synthesized in maternal tissues of some legumes and are transported to and unloaded by seed coats into the apoplastic space surrounding developing seed embryos. Free cyclitols may be 60% of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves and 20% in seed coat cup exudates. Increasing the supply of free cyclitols may increase the accumulation of their respective α-galactosides in mature seeds. Seeds with reduced RFO accumulation, but with normal to elevated concentrations of galactosyl cyclitols (including fagopyritols), have normal field emergence and are also tolerant to imbibitional chilling under laboratory conditions. Molecular structures, biosynthetic pathways, accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in response to seed-expressed mutations and the physiological role of galactosides are reviewed.

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray)

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki ◽  
Ewa Gojło ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Vicia Hirsuta ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

The role of the abscisic acid (ABA) in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and galactosyl cyclitols (Gal-C) in tiny vetch (<em>Vicia hirsuta</em> [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds was investigated. The ABA was applied through incubation of seed at various stage of its development. The level of RFOs and Gal-C was determined in seed maturing on plant and in seed maturing in vitro. In early stages of <em>V. hirsuta</em> seed development, the ABA activated the biosynthesis of galactinol, although the level of arisen galactinol quickly declined. In the later stages of <em>V. hirsuta</em> seed development ABA had stimulatory effect of RFOs and Gal-C biosynthesis. Influence of ABA on biosynthesis of a-galactosides in <em>Vicia hirsuta</em> seed seems to be dependent on abscisic acid concentration. Low concentration of ABA had stimulatory effect on a-galactosides biosynthesis, but high concentration of ABA inhibited the process.

The effect of supplementary carbohydrate composition on lactational performance in dairy cows grazing alfalfa pasture

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 203-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Castillo ◽  
D.E Beever ◽  
R.F. Gregoret ◽  
S.G. Onetti ◽  
O.R. Quaino
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Electric Fencing ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

The rate of disimilation of the dietary protein fraction of fresh forages, especially fresh legumes, is rapid and often exceeds microbial requirements for ammonia [Beever, 1993]. Consequently total dietary nitrogen [N] utilisation is impaired due to increased absorption of ammonia from the rumen and excretion of urea via the kidneys. This experiment, as part of a larger co-ordinated study to examine N utilisation in alfalfa swards for milk production, considered the evaluation of different isoenergetic supplements formulated to contain contrasting carbohydrate components with respect to starch and fibre level and type, and water soluble carbohydrate content.Forty multiparous Holstein cows in immediately post peak lactation were randomnly allocated to one of four alfalfa paddocks, and provided fresh daily allowances [13kg Dry matter (DM)/cow/d] by means of electric fencing. Cows were milked twice daily [0600&1500h] when 3.5kg DM concentrate was offered at each milking. At all other times cows were at pasture and intakes were estimated by measuring pasture DM on offer to and refused by the cows.

scholarly journals Exogenously applied D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol modifies the accumulation of α-D-galactosides in developing tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Ewa Gojło ◽  
Joanna Goszczyńska ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Vicia Hirsuta ◽  
Desiccation Process ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Seed Accumulation

In the present study we have investigated the effect of exogenous cyclitols on the accumulation of their galactosides and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as well as on some enzymes important for their biosynthesis in seeds of tiny vetch (<em>Vicia hirsuta</em> [L.] S.F. Gray). Immature seeds during 6-day incubation with D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol (naturally does not appear in seeds of tiny vetch) were accumulated cyclitol and its galactosides (fagopyritols: B1 and B2). Short 4-hour incubation with D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol, and subsequent slow desiccation process caused accumulation of free cyclitol only, without biosynthesis of its galactosides. Feeding D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol to pods of tiny vetch induced accumulation of high levels of its galactosides (fagopyritol B1, B2 and B3) in maturing seeds. Similarly, feeding D-pinitol increased accumulation of its mono-, di- and tri-galactosides: GPA, GPB, DGPA and TGPA in tiny vetch seed. Accumulation of both cyclitols and their galactosides drastically reduced accumulation of verbascose. Inhibition of RFOs biosynthesis by elevated levels of free cyclitols suggests some competition between formation of both types of galactosides and similarity of both biosynthetic routes in tiny vetch seeds. Galactinol synthase (GolS) from tiny vetch seeds demonstrated ability to utilize D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol as galactosyl acceptor, instead of myo-inositol. Presence of both cyclitols, as substrates for GolS, caused synthesis of their galactosides: fagopyritol B1 and galactinol. However, formation of galactinol was more efficient than fagopyritol B1. D-chiro-Inositol and D-pinitol at concentrations several-fold higher than myo-inositol had inhibitory effect on GolS. Thus, we suggest that a level of free cyclitols can have an influence on the rate of galactinol biosynthesis and further accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document