Influence of environmental conditions on insect reproduction and chemical composition of escamoles (Liometopum apiculatum M)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Melo-Ruíz ◽  
K. Sánchez-Herrera ◽  
H. Sandoval-Trujillo ◽  
R. Díaz-García ◽  
T. Quirino-Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Escamoles, ant eggs (Liometopum apiculatum M), are edible insects consumed in great numbers and appreciated for their sensory characteristics, but not for their nutritional value. In Mexico, they reproduce in arid and semi-arid zones of Mexico and several states (Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo). Samples were gathered to determine reproduction conditions and perform an insect analysis to generate data composition in macronutrients, on dry basis, according to AOAC methods. The obtained data were: proteins: 42.12-50.63%; lipids: 30.27-34.96%; minerals: 6.53-7.85%; fibres: 1.91-2.56%; and soluble carbohydrates: 6.80-18.27%. Entomological material was collected in spring 2014, 3 nests for each zone, all from different altitudes and agroclimatic regions. Samples were representative for the insect supply in the areas studied. Insects are high in proteins and lipids, compared with most of the commonly consumed food, due to their high content of fatty acids; they must be refrigerated for later consumption. Minerals are moderated. Fibre and soluble carbohydrate levels are low, but an excess of proteins can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis. Escamoles reproduce once a year in the spring, but sometimes one nest can provide escamoles eggs twice in the same season, once at the beginning and again at the end, depending on the biotic and abiotic conditions of their environment. Escamoles are a good source of nutrients; however, some rural people sell them to obtain extra income rather than consume them to improve their nutritional condition and welfare.

scholarly journals (295) Relationship Between Macromolecule and Metal Ion Accumulation in Two Salt-stressed Cultivars of Sweetpotato under In Vitro Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079A-1079
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad V. Potluri
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Two cultivars of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], Commensal and Salyboro, were subjected to salt stress using axillary bud cultures. The salt levels ranged from 0–150 mM. After 10 weeks of growth, plantlet shoot height, dry weight, number of nodes, levels of proline, soluble carbohydrate, and protein; and metal ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, were measured. In both cultivars, proline accumulation was higher in the shoot. There was a positive correlation between the increase in soluble carbohydrates and proteins in `Commnesal', but not in `Salyboro'. More sodium accumulated in the shoots of `Salyboro' compared to `Commensal'. The accumulation of sodium reduced the calcium and potassium, but not magnesium levels. Increase in sodium levels correlated with the increase in soluble carbohydrate levels is `Salyboro', but not in `Commensal'. A similar trend was evident with praline and sodium accumulation. Based on these and previous results, the cultivar `Salyboro' appears to be more susceptible to salt stress.

WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES IN ORCHARDGRASS AND MIXED FORAGES

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Bowden ◽  
D. K. Taylor ◽  
W. E. P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Variations in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of orchardgrass among breeding lines, stages of harvest, frequency of harvest and time of day were studied. Water-soluble carbohydrate levels differed among breeding lines harvested at the same stage of development. Water-soluble carbohydrate content increased as orchardgrass plants matured with the most rapid increase following anthesis. Harvesting orchardgrass at intervals suitable for hay produced forage with a higher WSC content in the first two cuts, but a lower content in the third, than forage harvested at pasture stage. Orchardgrass cut at 4 pm contained an average of 3 percentage units more WSC than that cut at 9 am. Levels of WSC in both orchardgrass and grass-legume pasture mixtures declined with successive cuts as the season progressed.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF APPLE FRUIT GROWTH RATE BY TURGOR PRESSURE?

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 625e-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Maintenance of positive cell turgor is an essential factor in cell, and fruit, expansion. Since apple fruit partition carbohydrates between the starch and soluble pools to maintain turgor, variation among cultivars in this osmoregulatory aspect may play an important role in defining cultivar-specific fruit growth rates. Cultivar-specific apple fruit growth rates were determined over a 6 week period following June drop during 2 seasons. Fruit water relations parameters and carbohydrate levels were also measured. Although cultivar differences were evident, generally, fruit absolute growth rate increased, relative growth rate (RGR) declined, water potential and osmotic potential declined, and turgor potential increased as the season progressed. Soluble carbohydrate levels increased over 6 weeks, while starch levels fluctuated. Soluble carbohydrates contributed 50 to 90% of the osmotic potential. RGR was not correlated to either turgor potential or the relative allocation of carbohydrates between the soluble and starch pools. Thus, although positive turgor was maintained, factors other than turgor per se determine fruit growth rate.

Nonstructural carbohydrate-balance response to long-term elevated CO2 exposure in European beech and Norway spruce mixed cultures: biochemical and ultrastructural responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Mašková ◽  
Barbora Radochová ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Jan Michálek ◽  
Helena Lipavská
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Two dominant central European tree species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst.), in a mixed culture in semi-open glass domes, were used to simulate the reaction of forests to long-term elevated CO2 (EC) in a mountainous area (Beskydy Mountains, the Czech Republic). We investigated the effects of EC on soluble carbohydrate levels and composition. Starch content was evaluated using two methods: biochemical (glucose content after enzymatic hydrolysis) and stereological (starch grain proportion, size, and number in chloroplasts). In beech and spruce foliage, no significant changes in total soluble carbohydrate levels were observed. In spruce, starch content determined biochemically increased under EC, whereas no changes were detected in beech. The starch content determined stereologically increased only in beech. In spruce, EC exposure caused comparable starch increases in current-year and previous-year needles, although the former had a higher starch content and numerous larger starch grains regardless of CO2 concentration. In both species, the biochemical determination of carbohydrates exhibited greater individual tree uniformity, in contrast to large intraspecies variability. No changes in leaf soluble carbohydrates under long-term elevated CO2 demonstrate the ability of the studied tree species to efficiently allocate the photosynthates among the sinks. Thus, no photosynthetic downregulation via carbohydrate-level signalling can be expected.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

scholarly journals Arsenic Application Changed Growth, Photo-Synthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Under Salinity Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Talebi ◽  
M. Heidari ◽  
H. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Gpx Activity

Abstract The elevation of arsenic (As) content in soils is of considerable concern with respect to its uptake by plant and subsequent entry into wildlife and human food chains. The treatment of sorghum seedlings with As as NaH2As4O. 7H2O at various concentrations (A1 = 0, A2 = 20, A3 = 40 and A4 = 60 mg As kg−1 soil) and salinity at four different levels (S1 = 0, S2 = 3, S3 = 6 and S3 = 9 dS m−1) reduced fresh and dry weights of sorghum plants. The co-application of As and salinity increased the guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in shoot and root tissues. The highest GPX activity in shoot and root tissues was obtained at S2A4 and S3A3 treatments, respectively. The activity of catalase (CAT) in shoot was not changed, but unlike the GPX activity, salinity and As decreased the CAT activity in root tissues. Concerning the photosynthesis pigments, salinity had no effect on the chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoid content in leaves, but the As treatment significantly decreased the content of both chlorophyll types. Salinity increased the anthocyanin content in leaves. There were negative correlation between soluble carbohydrates (r2 = −0.78**) and stomata conductance (r2 = −0.45**) and dry weight of the plant biomass in this study. By increasing the salinity and As concentration in root medium, soluble carbohydrate in leaves increased but salinity decreased the leaf stomata conductance.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Effect of Early Defoliation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Storage of Reserves on ‘Abbé Fétel’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mesa ◽  
Sara Serra ◽  
Andrea Masia ◽  
Federico Gagliardi ◽  
Daniele Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pear Trees

Annual accumulation of starch is affected by carbon reserves stored in the organs during the growing season and is controlled mainly by sink strength gradients within the tree. However, unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., hail events) or application of management practices (e.g., defoliation to enhance overcolor in bicolor apple) could influence the allocation of storage carbohydrates. This preliminary research was conducted to determine the effects of early defoliation on the dry matter, starch, and soluble carbohydrate dynamics in woody organs, roots, and mixed buds classified by age and two levels of crop-load for one growing season in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees (Oct. 2012 to mid-Jan. 2013 in the northern hemisphere). Regardless of the organs evaluated (woody organs, roots, and mixed buds), an increase of soluble carbohydrate concentration was observed in these organs in the period between after harvest (October) and January (dormancy period). Among all organs, woody short-old spurs showed the highest increase (+93.5%) in soluble sugars. With respect to starch, woody organs showed a clear trend of decreasing in concentration between October and January. In this case, short-old spurs showed the smallest decline in starch concentrations, only 6.5%, whereas in other tree organs starch decreased by 34.5%. After harvest (October), leaves showed substantially higher starch and soluble sugar concentrations in trees with lower crop-loads. These results confirm that in the period between October and January, dynamic interconversions between starch and soluble carbohydrates occur at varying magnitudes among organs in pear trees.

Grass size and butterfly pea inclusion modify the nutritional value of elephant grass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikon Figueredo Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Butterfly Pea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of silages from tall-sized and dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, intercropped or not with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea). The experiment was performed in randomized complete blocks, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (four genotypes × two cropping systems). The genotypes intercropped or not with butterfly pea were: IRI-381 and Elephant B, tall sized; and Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott, dwarf. Forage was harvested 60 days after regrowth. In the silage from Mott grass intercropped with butterfly pea, lower contents of lignin (78.1 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (636.0 g kg-1), and neutral detergent insoluble protein (13.15 g kg-1), besides a greater dry matter recovery (873.3 g kg-1), were observed. The silage from Taiwan A-146 2.37 intercropped with the legume showed a greater crude protein content (136.1 g kg-1). In both silages, the ammonia nitrogen contents were quite reduced (26.4 g kg-1). However, greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed in the silages from the intercrop (1.85 mg g-1) and from the Mott grass monocrop (1.51 mg g-1). Moreover, there was a lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (676.7 g kg-1) for the silage from the intercrop. Dwarf genotypes increase the nutritional value of elephant grass silage, compared with the tall-sized ones. Intercropping with butterfly pea improves silage fermentation characteristics, despite reducing its digestibility. Therefore, the ensilage of dwarf Mott elephant grass intercropped with butterfly pea shows more promising results.

scholarly journals Changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under submergence stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Md Juiceball Hassan ◽  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman Pramanik ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Submergence stress at early vegetative stage is one of the most important constraints in the productivity of rice in Bangladesh. Submergence causes yield loss of rice at Aman season in Bangladesh and therefore, it is necessary to develop submergence tolerant rice cultivars. A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during Aman season from July to December, 2017 to evaluate the changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) associated with submergence tolerance in rice. The experiment consisted of two factors—(i) Rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and(ii) Submergence stress: Submergence for 14 days at vegetative stage and control. Submergence stress was imposed by dipping of pots into a water tank with about 90 cm depth of water while the control plants are maintained in the pot house of the field laboratory. The plants were sampled at seven days interval during submergence to determine the changes in root porosity and to examine the contribution of shoot reserves for their survival. The root porosity was measured by pycnometer method and water soluble carbohydrate was measured by the anthrone method. Tolerant cultivars showed greater root porosity development in both control and stress condition but the susceptible cultivar showed significantly lower root development in stress condition. Higher root porosity might help tolerant cultivars to survive in submergence stress more efficiently. Tolerant rice cultivars had high initial soluble carbohydrate than the susceptible one. Under submergedcondition, the tolerant cultivars showed slow depletion of water soluble carbohydrate compared to susceptible cultivar. Higher carbohydrate contents in tolerant cultivars might act as buffer stock during submergence for their better survival and growth. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 539–544, 2019

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) and Its Potential Application in a Functional Beverage

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Eman Abdo ◽  
Sobhy El-Sohaimy ◽  
Omayma Shaltout ◽  
Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed Zeitoun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Good Source

Beetroot is a good source of minerals, fibers, and bioactive components. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of beetroots (juice, peels, leaves and pomace) enhancing the extracted bioactive components, and developing a functional probiotic beverage. Chemical composition and minerals content of beetroot parts were estimated. The bioactive components were extracted by instant extraction method (IEM) and overnight extraction method (at −20 °C) (OEM) to determine total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH inhibition ratio. The extracted beetroot juice was mixed with milk for valorization of the beverage nutritional value and fermented with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures to create a novel functional beverage. Chemical composition, minerals content, and bioactive components of beverages were estimated. The leaves exhibited the highest calcium content (1200 mg/100 g). Juice showed the highest amount of all minerals except for calcium and magnesium. Overnight extraction method (OEM) increased the antioxidant activity in peels and stems. Natural juice exhibited the highest activity compared to extracts. Fermentation of beet-milk beverage with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures enhanced the beverage taste, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. Beetroot wastes and juice comprise a valuable nutritional source. Fermentation improved the nutritional value of beetroot and the acceptability of the product.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document