REFORESTATION ON PUBLIC SUSTAINED YIELD UNITS IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-303
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Sustained Yield

The Application of Sustained Yield Management Objectives to Canada's Northern Forests

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Moss
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Yield Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Sustained Yield ◽  
Normal Forest

The author discusses a number of objections which have been made against the sustained yield concept in British Columbia. These have involved questions of equal annual harvest and market fluctuations; the normal forest and retention of old growth; rotation length; the marginal tree concept; the calculation of sustained yield allowable cuts and the question of management decision-making. A number of the objections do not relate directly to the sustained yield concept but to the particular methods of its implementation in British Columbia. It is pointed out that economic principles are just as subject to discretionary interpretation as are forestry principles. There appears to be an incomplete understanding of the sustained yield concept and the importance of its application at the management unit level — the point at which its objectives and applications become factual in nature. Economic principles alone do not provide an adequate alternative to the sustained yield concept, if the abuses of forest liquidation are to be avoided but they should be given due weight in the application of the concept. The author recommends that Canada's northern forests should be managed on a sustained yield basis.

Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of south-central British Columbia

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fulton ◽  
Geoffrey W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
Coast Region

The late Pleistocene deposits of south-central British Columbia record two major glacial and two major nonglacial periods of deposition. The oldest recognized Pleistocene deposits, called Westwold Sediments, were deposited during a nonglacial interval more than 60 000 years ago. Little information is available on the climate of this period, but permafrost may have been present at one time during final stages of deposition of Westwold Sediments. The latter part of this nonglacial period is probably correlative with the early Wisconsin Substage of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Valley area. However, deposition of the Westwold Sediments may have begun during the Sangamon Interglacial.Okanagan Centre Drift is the name applied to sediments deposited during the glaciation that followed deposition of Westwold Sediments. Okanagan Centre Drift is known to be older than 43 800 years BP and probably is older than 51 000. It is considered to correlate with an early Wisconsin glacial period.Bessette Sediments were deposited during the last major nonglacial period, which in south-central British Columbia persisted from at least 43 800 years BP (possibly more than 51 000) to about 19 000 years BP. This episode corresponds to Olympia Interglaciation of the Pacific Coast region and the mid-Wisconsin Substage of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Valley area. During parts of Olympia Interglaciation the climate was probably as warm as the present-day climate in the interior of British Columbia. Information from coastal regions indicates that there may have been periods of cooler and moister climate.Kamloops Lake Drift was deposited during the last major glaciation of south-central British Columbia. Ice occupied lowland areas from approximately 19 000 to 10 000 years BP. This period corresponds approximately to the Fraser Glaciation of the Pacific Coast region and the late Wisconsin Substage of central and eastern parts of North America.

METALTELLA SIMONI (KEYSERLING, 1878) (AMAUROBIIDAE) NEW TO CANADA, AND RECORDS FOR TEGENARIA GIGANTEA CHAMBERLIN AND IVIE, 1935, (AGELENIDAE) IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Leech ◽  
Marilyn Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Apparent Distribution

Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878), an amaurobiid spider species precinctive to Argentina and Uruguay, and probably southern Brazil, is well established in the southeastern coastal regions of the United States (Leech 1972: 107). It was brought to North America by commercial and trade activities, hence the apparent distribution disjunction. The first Nearctic record is 23–30 July 1944, from Harahan, Louisiana (Leech 1972: 107).

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THINNING FORESTS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
G. C. Warrack
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Sustained Yield ◽  
Forest Practice

Thinning is a potential forest practice awaiting economic evidence of its merit. In the south coast zone of British Columbia, nearly 2 million acres of immature Douglas fir and western hemlock forests offer the possibility of making thinnings to maximize the productive capacity of sustained yield units. The commercial feasibility of any one thinning should not overrule the silvicultural attributes of repeated thinnings to mould the stands in a forest to a desired structure. There is no economic or biological necessity to clearcut immature stands on short rotations rather than adopt thinning regimes within a rotation twice as long. Careful attention to location of skid trails, landings and roads should precede the marking job. If thinnings become widely applied, the need for mechanization of yarding processes to cope with difficulties of terrain may probably give rise to thinning schemes which alternate thinned patches with clearcut patches. Management, engineering and silvicultural aspects are very much in need of integrated research on a scale large enough to entertain sustained yield objectives and realistic costs. The application of crown thinnings meets economic and biological requirements. Experience rather than science must still underlie marking techniques until facts are available concerning the growth performance and intrinsic wood qualities of particular phenotypes in relation to tree-spacing. As a result of tending plantations since they were 13 years old, the gross and merchantable volumes per acre at 21 years of age are lower in a plot having 400 free-growing stems than in a plot with 1,200 competitors, but different stand development is expected in the next decade as the degree of competition becomes a more important influence. There is evidence that a thinning which yields #3 logs to an 8″ top and/or poles and piling will return a small profit, terrain and transportation permitting, and that when a thinning yields only pulpwood or the larger percentage of the total thinning yield is pulpwood, that it will not usually meet the costs of the operation.

Community stability and forest policy in British Columbia

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Byron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Sustained Yield

Many jurisdictions including British Columbia have adopted sustained-yield forest management as the cornerstone of their forest policies. It has been argued that one consequence is 'community stability.' This paper examines the origins of the argument and its validity in the current context. It is concluded that the permanence or survival of forest industry centres is neither assured by nor solely dependent upon the perpetual maintenance of nearby forests at or near sustained-yield levels. Rather the size and distribution of wood-processing centres seems to be determined by technological economies of scale and location with respect to means of transportation. Secondly, even-flow regulations perse cannot achieve short-term stability of employment or incomes when the forest industry of a region produces primarily for volatile export markets.Evidence is presented to show that the logging, processing, and associated occupations are unstable, relative to other occupational groups, in each of the forest industry centres examined. The instability of total employment seems much greater in a single-industry town than in a diversified city. Much of the short-term employment instability is correlated with changes in the price of lumber destined for export markets. Some means of reducing the instability are discussed.

Chlorotic Spotting of Black Raspberry Induced by the Feeding of Amphorophora rubitoxica Knowlton

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Rubus Occidentalis

A chlorotic spotting of the foliage of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) is widespread in the coastal regions of British Columbia. The spotting first appears in June and new spots continue to develop during July and August. By mid-July, spotting occurs on virtually all plants, although its incidence varies considerably and, on some plants, only a few leaflets are affected.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. AARSSEN ◽  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
K. I. N. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Vicia Cracca

This paper provides a summary of biological data on five weedy species of vetch (Vicia). All species are naturalized in Canada and are found in a wide range of habitats with their main centers of distribution in Eastern Canada and the south and coastal regions of British Columbia. Vicia cracca is the most common and serious problem and occurs nationwide. Vicia sativa is the most variable of the species; numerous subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids are described. Tendrils allow vetches to attach to crop plants and form mat-like infestations. Vetch species are sensitive to a number of herbicides but there appears to be differential tolerance among species to chlorthal dimethyl, 2,4-DB and others. Vicia spp. are host to several economically important pathogens and parasites.Key words: Weed biology, vetches, Vicia spp., distribution

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