THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. AARSSEN ◽  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
K. I. N. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Vicia Cracca

This paper provides a summary of biological data on five weedy species of vetch (Vicia). All species are naturalized in Canada and are found in a wide range of habitats with their main centers of distribution in Eastern Canada and the south and coastal regions of British Columbia. Vicia cracca is the most common and serious problem and occurs nationwide. Vicia sativa is the most variable of the species; numerous subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids are described. Tendrils allow vetches to attach to crop plants and form mat-like infestations. Vetch species are sensitive to a number of herbicides but there appears to be differential tolerance among species to chlorthal dimethyl, 2,4-DB and others. Vicia spp. are host to several economically important pathogens and parasites.Key words: Weed biology, vetches, Vicia spp., distribution

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 77.Veratrum viride Ait.

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD A. MULLIGAN ◽  
DEREK B. MUNRO
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Veratrum viride Ait., false hellebore. It is a herbaceous perennial, native to wet habitats in North America. Subspecies viride occurs primarily in eastern Canada and subspecies eschscholtzii (A. Gray) Löve and Löve in the west. Both subspecies have the chromosome number of n = 16, 2n = 32. Ingested material of false hellebore is poisonous to humans and livestock.Key words: False hellebore, Veratrum viride Ait., weed biology

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 41. Lotus corniculatus L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fraser Valley

This summary of biological data is for bird’s-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., which is weedy in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada and the Fraser valley of British Columbia. Bird’s-foot trefoil is an agricultural escapee and is often continuous over large areas of roadside and waste places. It can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 50. Hypochoeris radicata L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
LONNIE W. AARSSEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Wide Range

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Hypochoeris radicata L. (spotted cat’s-ear). This weed is naturalized in Canada on both the west and east coasts but is common only on Vancouver Island, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the adjacent mainland of British Columbia. It is adapted to a wide range of habitats such as lawns, fields and along roadsides. The species is commonly mistaken for dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), fall hawkbit (Leontodon autumnalis L.) or Hypochoeris glabra L. due to the close resemblance of their bright yellow flowers. This last species is the only other member of the genus occurring in Canada and it hybridizes readily in nature with H. radicata. Several herbicides can be used to control H. radicata.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 102. Gaultheria shallon Pursh.

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan Fraser ◽  
Roy Turkington ◽  
C. P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Biological Data ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Evergreen Shrub ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vegetative Spread

Gaultheria shallon Pursh., salal (Ericaceae), is a densely growing perennial evergreen shrub occurring only from the panhandle of Alaska along the entire coast of British Columbia to southern California; it is of native origin. Salal grows on a wide range of soil types and textures, and is abundant in open habitats near the coast particularly on rocky knolls and along bluffs. It is a persistent, pervasive woody perennial and is a serious competitor with coniferous species. The plant produces numerous seeds but the most significant and effective form of colonization is through vegetative spread. Several herbicides are recommended for control of the the weed but it is both resistant and resilient to many herbicides. This contribution summarizes the known biological data for this species. Key words: Gaultheria shallon, salal, evergreen shrub, weed biology, competition

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 111. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Darbyshire ◽  
R. Hoeg ◽  
J. Haverkort
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Disturbed Areas

Wild chervil, Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae), is a weed of perennial crops, old fields, disturbed areas and roadsides. Introduced from Eurasia, it is widely naturalized in eastern Canada from Newfoundland to Ontario and at two sites in British Columbia. It is a monocarpic short-lived perennial, reproducing by seed and budding from the root crown. Dense populations achieved through vegetative reproduction can exclude most other vegetation. The rust, Puccinia pimpinellae subsp. pimpinellae, was detected on a population of wild chervil from Quebec. Key words: Wild chervil, Anthriscus sylvestris, weed biology

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 42. Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
NORMAN C. KENKEL ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The World ◽  
Canadian Provinces

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Stellaria media (L.) Vill., commonly known as chickweed. It is found throughout most of the world and is present in all Canadian provinces and both territories, being particularly abundant in British Columbia and eastern Canada. Chickweed is a weed of grain fields, young pastures, lawns, and gardens, and can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 5. Daucus carota

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH M. DALE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Wild Carrot

This summary of biological data is for wild carrot, Daucus carota L. ssp. carota, as a weed in Canada, particularly in central Ontario. Brief reference is made to wild carrot in Europe and to the related cultivated carrot which have many pests in common. Weedy populations of this biennial occur in areas formerly occupied by deciduous forests in eastern Canada, and by the coastal Douglas fir forest in British Columbia. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, old pastures and open spaces which are disturbed periodically.

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) Performance Evaluation in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Extensitive Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Good Performer ◽  
Wide Range

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) is proposed as a novel routing protocol designed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). FTRP offers fault tolerance reliability for packet exchange and support for dynamic network changes. The key concept used is the use of node logical clustering. The protocol delegates the routing ownership to the cluster heads where fault tolerance functionality is implemented. FTRP utilizes cluster head nodes along with cluster head groups to store packets in transient. In addition, FTRP utilizes broadcast, which reduces the message overhead as compared to classical flooding mechanisms. FTRP manipulates Time to Live values for the various routing messages to control message broadcast. FTRP utilizes jitter in messages transmission to reduce the effect of synchronized node states, which in turn reduces collisions. FTRP performance has been extensively through simulations against Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State (OLSR) routing protocols. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Aggregate Throughput and End-to-End delay (E-2-E) had been used as performance metrics. In terms of PDR and aggregate throughput, it is found that FTRP is an excellent performer in all mobility scenarios whether the network is sparse or dense. In stationary scenarios, FTRP performed well in sparse network; however, in dense network FTRP’s performance had degraded yet in an acceptable range. This degradation is attributed to synchronized nodes states. Reliably delivering a message comes to a cost, as in terms of E-2-E. results show that FTRP is considered a good performer in all mobility scenarios where the network is sparse. In sparse stationary scenario, FTRP is considered good performer, however in dense stationary scenarios FTRP’s E-2-E is not acceptable. There are times when receiving a network message is more important than other costs such as energy or delay. That makes FTRP suitable for wide range of WSNs applications, such as military applications by monitoring soldiers’ biological data and supplies while in battlefield and battle damage assessment. FTRP can also be used in health applications in addition to wide range of geo-fencing, environmental monitoring, resource monitoring, production lines monitoring, agriculture and animals tracking. FTRP should be avoided in dense stationary deployments such as, but not limited to, scenarios where high application response is critical and life endangering such as biohazards detection or within intensive care units.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

Pharmacologic activities of 5, 6-Diaryl/heteroaryl-3-substituted-1, 2, 4-triazines as a privileged scaffold in drug development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Zakeri Khatir ◽  
Hamid Irannejad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Data ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Privileged Structure ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Substituted 1 ◽  
Anti Hiv

: 1, 2, 4-Triazine derivatives have received much attention due to their multifunctional nature, especially in diverse pharmacological properties as well as a key fragment in many drug candidates. Introduction of a vicinal 5, 6-diaryl/heteroaryl moiety on the 1, 2, 4-triazine ring has attracted plentiful attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. 5, 6-Diaryl/heteroaryl-3-substituted-1, 2, 4-triazine is as a prominent scaffold in many drug candidates which has shown a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-diabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anti- Alzheimer, anti-Parkinson and antioxidant. In this review, we have discussed synthesis, various pharmacological activities of 5, 6-diaryl/heteroaryl-3-substituted-1, 2, 4-triazines, their structure-activity relationship (SAR), pharmacophoric elements and their mechanism of action reported in the published articles during 2000-2019. Evaluation of compounds by PAINS filtering tool was accomplished and showed that this versatile structure could be considered as a privileged structure. Compilation of the biological data confirmed that the position 3 of the 1,2,4-triazine is a key location to determine the affinity and selectivity of the 5,6-diaryl/heteroaryl-3-substituted-1, 2, 4-triazines towards different biologic targets. Specific geometrical and thermodynamic characters of this motif have prompted it as a frequent hitter.

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