Community stability and forest policy in British Columbia

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Byron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Sustained Yield

Many jurisdictions including British Columbia have adopted sustained-yield forest management as the cornerstone of their forest policies. It has been argued that one consequence is 'community stability.' This paper examines the origins of the argument and its validity in the current context. It is concluded that the permanence or survival of forest industry centres is neither assured by nor solely dependent upon the perpetual maintenance of nearby forests at or near sustained-yield levels. Rather the size and distribution of wood-processing centres seems to be determined by technological economies of scale and location with respect to means of transportation. Secondly, even-flow regulations perse cannot achieve short-term stability of employment or incomes when the forest industry of a region produces primarily for volatile export markets.Evidence is presented to show that the logging, processing, and associated occupations are unstable, relative to other occupational groups, in each of the forest industry centres examined. The instability of total employment seems much greater in a single-industry town than in a diversified city. Much of the short-term employment instability is correlated with changes in the price of lumber destined for export markets. Some means of reducing the instability are discussed.

Keine Grosssägewerke in der Schweiz? Eine industrieökonomische Auslegeordnung | No large sawmills in Switzerland? An industrial economics perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (12) ◽  
pp. 368-381
Author(s):  
Markus Saurer
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Forest Enterprises

In the growing global lumber market, Switzerland is not competitive. Forest properties, forest enterprises and sawmills are split into small units and do not take advantage of economies of scale and scope. One should search for the reasons of this inefficiency with modern industrial economics. Appendages of industrial economical analyses are described for large sawmills. They support the hypothesis that structural problems are mainly caused through regulations that are designed incorrectly. This hypothesis should thoroughly be tested before forest policy measures are decided. It is assumed that the Swiss forest industry may be supported with deregulations rather than with further regulations.

scholarly journals The forgotten forest: Revisiting the Forestland Allocation Strategy

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Sherry ◽  
Chris J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Forest Managers

That British Columbia's forest industry faces severe environmental, social, and economic problems can be denied by only the most optimistic of forest managers. There is a crisis in our woods and people are looking for permanent solutions. Big, bold ideas are required to guide us out of the morass, including new approaches for allocating forestlands among different uses. Binkley's forestland allocation strategy (FAS) is one such proposal. This scheme, although efficient from an economic perspective, is seriously flawed from an ecological and aboriginal standpoint. These shortcomings render the FAS infeasible. Key words: forest management, forest policy, British Columbia, forestland allocation strategy, wildlife, First Nations

Redefining the Issues: NGO Influence on International Forest Negotiations

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Forest Policy ◽  
Environmental Challenge

How successful have nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) been in influencing international forest policy? Specifically, how effective have they been at altering the texts of international forest policy declarations and agreements? This paper studies NGO efforts to influence international forest policy from the mid-1980s, when deforestation first emerged as an international environmental challenge, to 2001 when the United Nations Forum on Forests was created. This paper demonstrates that, in the short term, NGOs are more effective when they: 1. involve themselves in the early stages of negotiations, 2. suggest substantive and procedural ideas that are already well-known in fora outside forest politics, and 3. align their suggestions with the prevailing neoliberal discourse of international politics. The paper suggests that such conditions can be rather limited and thus speculates about NGO efforts within a longer time frame.

scholarly journals When is a Learning Object not an Object: A first step towards a theory of learning objects

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sosteric ◽  
Susan Hesemeier
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Object A ◽  
Smart Learning ◽  
Smart Learning Environments ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

<p> For some, “learning objects" are the “next big thing” in distance education promising smart learning environments, fantastic economies of scale, and the power to tap into expanding educational markets. While learning objects may be revolutionary in the long term, in the short term, definitional problems and conceptual confusion undermine our ability to understand and critically evaluate the emerging field. This article is an attempt to provide an adequate definition of learning objects by (a) jettisoning useless theoretical links hitherto invoked to theorize learning objects, and (b) reducing the definition of learning objects to the bare essentials. The article closes with suggestions for further research and further refinement of the definition of learning objects. </P>

scholarly journals Economías de escala en el Municipio de Xicotepec de Juárez

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-250
Author(s):  
Miguel Antonio Mascarúa Alcázar ◽  
José Rubén Velázquez Vargas ◽  
Evelin Amador Mendoza ◽  
René Alejandro González Báez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Micro Enterprises

El presente estudio urga sobre el potencial de la Mypes ante la industria 4.0, en el municipio de Xicotepec de Juárez, México, en donde se aplicó una encuesta a 393 microempresarios y se les preguntó acerca de sus percepciones sobre el gasto en inversión como un esfuerzo para superar la fragmentación de la industria por economías de escala en tecnología y metodología de administración del negocio, mediante el análisis multivariado de sus respuestas. Se demuestra que en el municipio existen importantes esfuerzos por parte de los negocios establecidos, mientras que aquello que no cuentan con registro, tienen retos desafiantes para el corto plazo. AbstractThis study discusses MSE's potential in response to industry 4.0, in the municipality of Xicotepec de Juarez, where a survey was applied to 393 micro-enterprises. Questions asking about their perception of investment expenditures as a means of overcoming industrial fragmentation due to technical economies of scale and the administrative methodology of their company through a multivariate analysis of the questions given. This research proves that there exist important efforts on behalf of registered businesses, while those businesses without registration face daunting short-term challenge.

Forest and forestry policy between the EU and its Member States

elni Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Marco Onida
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Eu

Trees and forests in Europe have never been centre stage the way they are now. Until a couple of years ago, forest-related concerns of European citizens focused mainly on international deforestation in tropical forests. The aggravation of the double climate and biodiversity crisis has significantly increased European citizens’ interest in the EU forests as irreplaceable carbon sinks and reservoirs of biodiversity. The pressure of public opinion on EU forest policies therefore is on the rise, also due to the fact that the more Europe takes action vis-à-vis third countries’ forest protection, the more its domestic agenda must be effective and credible; a case in point is the news about systematic illegal harvesting of primeval forests in Eastern European states such as Poland’s well-known Bielowieza, Romania (where the murder of official rangers sparked outrage across Europe), and Slovakia, which resonated powerfully. Citizens’ concerns are not ill-founded: European forests, in fact, are generally not in good ecological condition. Recent scientific reports further paint a worrying picture. According to the 2020 State of Nature Report by the European Environment Agency, less than 15% of assessed woodland and forest habitats are favourable, while up to 84% were assessed as unfavourable-inadequate. The EU Joint Research Centre assessment of ecosystems concludes that “the condition of EU forests is poor, and there are serious concerns regarding upward trends of several pressures and degrading condition indicators”. Even the sustainability of current harvesting levels is subject to debate. Overall, the current intensive use of forests will need to be better balanced against the objectives of carbon sink preservation and biodiversity protection. This ’greener‘ approach to forests has sparked a heated debate in the EU institutions as well as among stakeholders and NGOs, all seeking to influence in some way the future forest policy of the EU. This debate includes some legal issues.

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