Kinetic and Kinematic Responses of the RID2a, Hybrid III and Human Volunteers in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter P. Siegmund ◽  
Bradley E. Heinrichs ◽  
Jonathan M. Lawrence ◽  
Mat M.G.M. Philippens
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Beeman ◽  
Andrew R. Kemper ◽  
Michael L. Madigan ◽  
Christopher T. Franck ◽  
Stephen C. Loftus
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

Upper Body Kinematics of Relaxed Volunteers, Braced Volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Beeman ◽  
Andrew R. Kemper ◽  
Michael L. Madigan ◽  
Stefan M. Duma
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Automobile Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Human occupant responses in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are commonly predicted and evaluated in a laboratory using surrogates including human volunteers, anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), and post mortem human surrogates (PMHSs) [1]. The ultimate goal of these surrogates is to demonstrate a similar response to humans in MVCs that can be used to evaluate human tolerance and enhance vehicle design and safety. The distinguishing attribute of human volunteers that non-human surrogates do not currently possess is the combination of identical human anthropometry, anatomy, and physiologic response of the target population, including resting muscle tone and active bracing capabilities. All human volunteer laboratory testing must be performed at sub-injurious levels due to ethical constraints, while non-human surrogates can be used to examine injurious or traumatic events. Given the capabilities and shortcomings of each surrogate in automobile safety research, performing matched tests with these surrogates can aid in the understanding of the biomechanical response of humans in an impact environment, leading to improvements in ATD design and increased efficacy of safety devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate volunteer, ATD, and PMHS occupant kinematic responses in matched low-speed frontal sled tests.

Thoracic Response of Belted PMHS, the Hybrid III, and the THOR-NT Mid-Sized Male Surrogates in Low-Speed, Frontal Crashes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Forman ◽  
David Lessley ◽  
C. Greg Shaw ◽  
Jay Evans ◽  
Richard Kent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Frontal Crashes

Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests and a Comparison to Activities of Daily Living

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and speed changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the head injury criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be below injury thresholds. Occupant response was also compared to published activities of daily living data.

Evaluation of the Hybrid III and Q-Series Pediatric ATD Upper Neck Loads as Compared to Pediatric Volunteers in Low-Speed Frontal Crashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Seacrist ◽  
Emily A. Mathews ◽  
Sriram Balasubramanian ◽  
Matthew R. Maltese ◽  
Kristy B. Arbogast
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Frontal Crashes

Neck forces and moments of human volunteers and post mortem human surrogates in low-speed frontal sled tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Beeman ◽  
Andrew R. Kemper ◽  
Stefan M. Duma
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Human Volunteers

Vehicle and Occupant Response in Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Velocity Changes

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and velocity changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be fairly low. These results indicate that the potential for serious injury is low during low-speed go-kart impacts.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Head of a Simulation Crash Test Dummy with Speed Motion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Jan Matej ◽  
Rafał Chaba
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Crash Tests

The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, designed in ADAMS. The model consists of rigid bodies connected with special joints with appropriately selected stiffness and damping. The simulation dummy has the appropriate dimensions, shape, and mass of individual elements to suit a 50 percentile male. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to low speed crash tests. Current dummies such as THOR and Hybrid III are used for crash tests at speeds above 40 km/h. In contrast, the low-speed test dummy currently used is the BioRID-II dummy, which is mainly adapted to the whiplash test at speeds of up to 16km/h. Thus, it can be seen that there is a gap in the use of crash test dummies. There are no low-speed dummies for side and front crash tests, and there are no dummies for rear crash tests between 16 km/h and 25 km/h. Which corresponds to a collision of a passenger vehicle with a hard obstacle at a speed of 30 km/h. Therefore, in collisions with low speeds of 20 km/h, the splash airbag will probably not be activated. The article contains the results of a computer simulation at a speed of 20 km/h vehicle out in the ADAMS program. These results were compared with the experimental results of the laboratory crash test using volunteers and the Hybrid III dummy. The simulation results are the basis for building the physical model dummy. The simulation aims to reflect the greatest possible compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during a collision at low speed.

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