Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests and a Comparison to Activities of Daily Living

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and speed changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the head injury criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be below injury thresholds. Occupant response was also compared to published activities of daily living data.

Vehicle and Occupant Response in Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Velocity Changes

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and velocity changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be fairly low. These results indicate that the potential for serious injury is low during low-speed go-kart impacts.

Head Kinematics and Upper Neck Loading During Simulated Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions: A Comparison With Vigorous Activities of Daily Living

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Vijayakumar ◽  
Irving Scher ◽  
D. Claire Gloeckner ◽  
Janine Pierce ◽  
Robert Bove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Head Kinematics

scholarly journals Grip Force Control in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Iyengar ◽  
Marcio J. Santos ◽  
Michael Ko ◽  
Alexander S. Aruin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Grip Force Control ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Acceleration Force

Background. Appropriate regulation of grip force is essential in performance of various activities of daily living such as drinking, eating, buttoning a shirt, and so on. The extent to which individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are able to regulate grip forces while performing elements of the activities of daily living is largely unknown. Objective. To investigate how individuals with MS control grip force during performance of functional tasks. Methods. This study evaluated the grip force control in selected individuals with MS (n = 9) and healthy control subjects (n = 9) while they performed the task of lifting and placing an instrumented object on a shelf and the task of lifting the object and bringing it close to the mouth to mimic drinking. The grip forces, object acceleration, force ratio, and time lag were recorded and analyzed. Results. The individuals with MS used significantly larger peak grip force and force ratio than control subjects while performing both tasks and for both hands. In addition, the time lag between the peaks of grip and load forces was significantly longer in individuals with MS. Conclusion. The application of excessive grip force could predispose individuals with MS to additional fatigue and musculoskeletal overuse trauma. Rehabilitation protocols for the MS population may need to account for increased levels of grip force applied during the performance of functional tasks.

Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Katz ◽  
Amasa B. Ford ◽  
Roland W. Moskowitz ◽  
Beverly A. Jackson ◽  
Marjorie W. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living
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