SPLIT APPLICATIONS AND TANK MIX COMBINATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
And Control

Injury to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the foliar-applied wild oat (Avena fatua L.) herbicide diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoate} was evaluated and application methods were modified to reduce or eliminate the injury and loss in yield. Diclofop-methyl caused shoot chlorosis and inhibited growth of both barley and wild oats. In barley, assimilate transport to the roots was reduced and this effect was not altered by MCPA {butyl ester of [(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid}. Injury to barley from split applications of diclofop-methyl was minimal, and wild oat control was maintained as long as the interval between applications was less than 7 days. A 4-day interval between MCPA and diclofop-methyl prevented most of the antagonism that occurs with application of a tank mixture of the two herbicides. If diclofop-methyl at one-third of the total dosage was applied in one treatment, followed 4 days later by the remainder of the dosage mixed with MCPA, barley injury was minimal and control of both wild oats and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) was excellent.

INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES FOR BROAD-LEAVED WEEDS AND ADJUVANTS WITH DICHLORFOP METHYL ON WILD OAT CONTROL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
H. A. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Reduced Rate

A reduced rate of dichlorfop methyl 2[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester] (0.56 kg/ha) in combination with different adjuvants provided as effective wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control as the recommended field rate (1.12 kg/ha) without adjuvants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were higher when treated with dichlorfop methyl at 0.56 kg/ha plus adjuvants than when treated with dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha. The herbicidal activity of dichlorfop methyl on wild oats was severely reduced on addition to the spray mixture of growth-hormone-type herbicides for broad-leaved weeds. The antagonism was due to the active ingredients in the herbicide formulations for broad-leaved weeds rather than to solvent incompatibilities. Ester formulations of herbicides for broad-leaved weeds caused less antagonism of dichlorfop methyl activity than did amine formulations. Non-hormonal contact-type herbicides (e.g., bromoxynil at 0.28 kg/ha) were compatible with dichlorfop methyl. Attempts to find a mixture containing low rates of dichlorfop methyl and extra adjuvants in combination with low rates of both bromoxynil and MCPA ester, which would be effective against both broad-leaved weeds and wild oats, were unsuccessful. Dichlorfop methyl did not reduce the herbicidal activity of growth-hormone-type herbicides on Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn.).

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

CONTROL OF WILD OATS AND TARTARY BUCKWHEAT WITH MIXTURES OF METRIBUZIN AND VARIOUS POSTEMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Inert Ingredients

The phytotoxicity of difenzoquat, flamprop, barban and diclofop to wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced when each of these herbicides was applied in a tank mixture with metribuzin or metribuzin + MCPA. When metribuzin was applied immediately following, or 6 days after the wild oat herbicides, or when the inert ingredients in the metribuzin formulation were tank-mixed with each of the wild oat herbicides, no reduction in phytotoxicity to wild oat occurred, suggesting that the antagonism may be occurring in the spray tank as a result of an interaction between the metribuzin active ingredient and each of the wild oat herbicides. No loss of metribuzin or metribuzin + MCPA phytotoxicity to Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Beauv.) occurred when these herbicides were tank-mixed with each of the four wild oat herbicides.

Alfalfa yields in establishment and subsequent years after herbicide and phosphorus application during establishment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Phosphorus and weed control treatments were applied to assess their effect on establishment and long-term yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and weeds. Experiments were established on soil with less than 5 kg available P2O5 ha−1 at two dryland locations near Lethbridge, Alberta. Wild oats (Avena fatua (L.) Beauv.) and volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at location 1 and Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer A. Nels) at location 2 yielded more than 100 g m−2 in the establishment year where herbicides were not applied; however, control of these weeds during establishment year had no effect on long-term alfalfa yields or weed infestation following establishment. Phosphorus applications ranging from 80 to 320 kg P2O5 ha−1 prior to alfalfa establishment caused large increases in alfalfa yield for several years. Weed infestations were minimal following alfalfa establishment. Ten years after alfalfa was established at location 2 there was a significant linear increase in weed yield (mainly dandelions) with rate of P2O5 applied prior to seeding alfalfa. Thus, P2O5 applications had little effect on weed infestation in established alfalfa.Key words: Medicago sativa, Russian thistle, wild oat, dandelion, 2,4-DB, bromoxynil, diclofop

CONTROL OF WILD OATS, GREEN FOXTAIL AND TARTARY BUCKWHEAT WITH MIXTURES OF PROPANIL OR PROPANIL/MCPA AND POSTEMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

The phytotoxicity of barban, diclofop, difenzoquat and flamprop to wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced when these herbicides were tank-mixed with propanil or propanil/MCPA. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.) control with propanil and propanil/MCPA was poor. Propanil/MCPA in a tank mixture with diclofop reduced diclofop control of green foxtail. Barban in a tank mixture with propanil increased green foxtail and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Beauv.) control compared to propanil alone. All other tank mixtures of propanil or propanil/MCPA with the wild oat herbicides had no significant effects on green foxtail control compared with propanil or propanil/MCPA. Tartary buckwheat control with propanil was good and the wild oat herbicides (except barban) in tank mixtures with propanil did not influence Tartary buckwheat control. There was an early chlorosis of wheat following treatments containing propanil or propanil/MCPA but this disappeared later in the growing season. Because of the reduced wild oat control with tank mixtures of propanil or propanil/MCPA with barban, diclofop, difenzoquat or flamprop, use of these mixtures for broadspectrum weed control is not practical.

FIELD CONFIRMATION OF AN INDEX FOR PREDICTING YIELD LOSS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY DUE TO WILD OAT COMPETITION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Actual Yield

Indices of competition of 0.0339 for wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thel.) and 0.0230 for wild oats in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as developed by Dew (1972) were confirmed. Actual yield loss determinations were made by utilizing data collected from herbicide-treated (considered wild oat-free) and non-treated areas on field-scale trials scattered across Western Canada.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations and Economic Returns as Influenced by Frequency of Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Average Return

In continuous wheat or barley or in a canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year over 4 yr maintained wild oat seedling populations at 3 plants/m2 or less. Failure to control wild oats annually increased wild oat populations (>200 plants/m2 by the fourth year) in continuous wheat dramatically, while in the other two cropping systems, populations increased to only 40 plants/m2 or less by the fourth year. In the continuous wheat and in the canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year generally provided the best economic returns when prices and costs were averaged over 4 yr; in continuous barley, the average return was better when wild oats was controlled only in the second or third years rather than every year.

Morphological and physiological variation in wild oats (Avena fatua L. and A. ludoviciana Dur.) and in hybrids between wild and cultivated oats

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Physiological Variation ◽  
Wild Oats

In samples of wild-oat panicles collected in England and Wales in 1951 only two species, Avena fatua L. and Avena ludoviciana Dur., occurred; both were very variable in grain characters but most plants bred true. Plants of all except one type of A. fatua were upright in habit with few tillers and averaged 95% dormant grains at harvest; plants of A. ludoviciana were procumbent or prostrate at the maximum tillering stage with numerous tillers and the percentage dormant grains was lower than in A. fatua.The taxonomy of wild oats is discussed. Chromosome counts on eleven selections showed that 2n = 42.Types intermediate between wild and cultivated oats were compared with wild oats.

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