Alfalfa yields in establishment and subsequent years after herbicide and phosphorus application during establishment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Phosphorus and weed control treatments were applied to assess their effect on establishment and long-term yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and weeds. Experiments were established on soil with less than 5 kg available P2O5 ha−1 at two dryland locations near Lethbridge, Alberta. Wild oats (Avena fatua (L.) Beauv.) and volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at location 1 and Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer A. Nels) at location 2 yielded more than 100 g m−2 in the establishment year where herbicides were not applied; however, control of these weeds during establishment year had no effect on long-term alfalfa yields or weed infestation following establishment. Phosphorus applications ranging from 80 to 320 kg P2O5 ha−1 prior to alfalfa establishment caused large increases in alfalfa yield for several years. Weed infestations were minimal following alfalfa establishment. Ten years after alfalfa was established at location 2 there was a significant linear increase in weed yield (mainly dandelions) with rate of P2O5 applied prior to seeding alfalfa. Thus, P2O5 applications had little effect on weed infestation in established alfalfa.Key words: Medicago sativa, Russian thistle, wild oat, dandelion, 2,4-DB, bromoxynil, diclofop

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

SPLIT APPLICATIONS AND TANK MIX COMBINATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
And Control

Injury to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the foliar-applied wild oat (Avena fatua L.) herbicide diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoate} was evaluated and application methods were modified to reduce or eliminate the injury and loss in yield. Diclofop-methyl caused shoot chlorosis and inhibited growth of both barley and wild oats. In barley, assimilate transport to the roots was reduced and this effect was not altered by MCPA {butyl ester of [(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid}. Injury to barley from split applications of diclofop-methyl was minimal, and wild oat control was maintained as long as the interval between applications was less than 7 days. A 4-day interval between MCPA and diclofop-methyl prevented most of the antagonism that occurs with application of a tank mixture of the two herbicides. If diclofop-methyl at one-third of the total dosage was applied in one treatment, followed 4 days later by the remainder of the dosage mixed with MCPA, barley injury was minimal and control of both wild oats and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) was excellent.

INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES FOR BROAD-LEAVED WEEDS AND ADJUVANTS WITH DICHLORFOP METHYL ON WILD OAT CONTROL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
H. A. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Reduced Rate

A reduced rate of dichlorfop methyl 2[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester] (0.56 kg/ha) in combination with different adjuvants provided as effective wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control as the recommended field rate (1.12 kg/ha) without adjuvants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were higher when treated with dichlorfop methyl at 0.56 kg/ha plus adjuvants than when treated with dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha. The herbicidal activity of dichlorfop methyl on wild oats was severely reduced on addition to the spray mixture of growth-hormone-type herbicides for broad-leaved weeds. The antagonism was due to the active ingredients in the herbicide formulations for broad-leaved weeds rather than to solvent incompatibilities. Ester formulations of herbicides for broad-leaved weeds caused less antagonism of dichlorfop methyl activity than did amine formulations. Non-hormonal contact-type herbicides (e.g., bromoxynil at 0.28 kg/ha) were compatible with dichlorfop methyl. Attempts to find a mixture containing low rates of dichlorfop methyl and extra adjuvants in combination with low rates of both bromoxynil and MCPA ester, which would be effective against both broad-leaved weeds and wild oats, were unsuccessful. Dichlorfop methyl did not reduce the herbicidal activity of growth-hormone-type herbicides on Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn.).

FIELD CONFIRMATION OF AN INDEX FOR PREDICTING YIELD LOSS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY DUE TO WILD OAT COMPETITION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Actual Yield

Indices of competition of 0.0339 for wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thel.) and 0.0230 for wild oats in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as developed by Dew (1972) were confirmed. Actual yield loss determinations were made by utilizing data collected from herbicide-treated (considered wild oat-free) and non-treated areas on field-scale trials scattered across Western Canada.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations and Economic Returns as Influenced by Frequency of Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Average Return

In continuous wheat or barley or in a canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year over 4 yr maintained wild oat seedling populations at 3 plants/m2 or less. Failure to control wild oats annually increased wild oat populations (>200 plants/m2 by the fourth year) in continuous wheat dramatically, while in the other two cropping systems, populations increased to only 40 plants/m2 or less by the fourth year. In the continuous wheat and in the canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year generally provided the best economic returns when prices and costs were averaged over 4 yr; in continuous barley, the average return was better when wild oats was controlled only in the second or third years rather than every year.

Morphological and physiological variation in wild oats (Avena fatua L. and A. ludoviciana Dur.) and in hybrids between wild and cultivated oats

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Physiological Variation ◽  
Wild Oats

In samples of wild-oat panicles collected in England and Wales in 1951 only two species, Avena fatua L. and Avena ludoviciana Dur., occurred; both were very variable in grain characters but most plants bred true. Plants of all except one type of A. fatua were upright in habit with few tillers and averaged 95% dormant grains at harvest; plants of A. ludoviciana were procumbent or prostrate at the maximum tillering stage with numerous tillers and the percentage dormant grains was lower than in A. fatua.The taxonomy of wild oats is discussed. Chromosome counts on eleven selections showed that 2n = 42.Types intermediate between wild and cultivated oats were compared with wild oats.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) Yield as Influenced by Duration of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
Larry A. Morrow ◽  
Ralph E. Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Time Periods

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) interference in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik). An infestation of 32 and 65 wild oats/m2 maintained up to 5 weeks in the field did not reduce lentil grain yield. However, 32 wild oats/m2 reduced yields 32% when allowed to remain for 7 weeks and 49% if they remained until harvest time (11 weeks). Sixty-five wild oats/m2 reduced grain yield 42 and 61% for the same time periods, respectively. In the growth chamber, 69 wild oats/m2 reduced lentil plant dry weight 29% if allowed to remain for 3 weeks, 61% for 5 weeks, and 72% for 7 weeks (harvest time). The field data suggest that wild oat control measures may be delayed for several weeks after lentil emergence without reducing crop yield.

Changes in inorganic phosphate and seed germinability during afterripening of wild oats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2469-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Quick ◽  
Andrew I. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Wild Oats

The period of afterripening required by dormant seeds of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) depends upon their genetic and environmental history. A steady increase was found in the level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and germinability of dry mature caryopses of genetically dormant wild oat lines as afterripening progressed. There were no appreciable changes in Pi or in germinability of the companion seeds stored at −15 °C over the period of study. Secondary seeds were more dormant and had lower levels of Pi during afterripening than was the case with primary seeds. Storage at room temperature had little effect on Pi level of nondormant seed line. Results support the hypothesis that levels of endogenous Pi within the seed influence germinability.

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