AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SPRING WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS SOWN IN LATE FALL AND EARLY SPRING IN WESTERN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Over a 4-year period, four cultivars of wheat, two of barley, and two of oats were sown shortly before the soil was continuously frozen in the fall (average date October 28) and soon after land could be prepared in the spring (average date May 8). Fall-sown wheat emerged in the spring each year, and in 2 of the 4 years outyielded spring-sown wheat. Mainly because of 1 very poor year fall-sown wheat yields averaged 20% lower than spring-sown. Increased seeding rates were partially effective in improving stands of fall-sown wheat. Common wheat cultivars were better adapted to fall-seeding than the one durum cultivar tested. Heading and maturity dates were 4–7 days earlier in fall-sown than in early spring-sown wheat. Fall-sown barley and oats emerged in the spring in only 2 of the 4 years. In these 2 years grain yields of fall-sown barley were reduced 22% and oats 17% as compared with spring seeding. Heading and maturity dates of barley and oats were from 0 to 4 days earlier in seedings made in the fall.

COMPARISON OF CANADIAN AND AMERICAN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. WATERER ◽  
L. E. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
Flour Yield

Comparisons were made between the yields and milling and baking properties of the Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars Manitou, Glenlea, Neepawa, Benito and Columbus and the American cultivars Chris, Waldron, Butte, Coteau and Alex grown at six locations across Manitoba during 1982 and 1983. Glenlea consistently produced the highest grain yields but due to its low protein content performed poorly in the baking trials. Butte and Alex had good grain yields and excellent milling characteristics. Although they had low protein percentages their baking quality was excellent, indicating exceptional protein quality. Chris and Waldron had superior milling and baking characteristics but unacceptably low yields. Coteau appeared to be the best American cultivar tested, combining above-average yields with excellent milling and baking characteristics. Manitou and Neepawa had relatively low yields and only average milling and baking quality. Columbus appeared to be the best Canadian cultivar with acceptable grain yield, superior flour yield with excellent dough production and baking characteristics.Key words: Wheat quality, grain yields, milling quality, baking quality

VULNERABILITY OF COMMON WHEAT CULTIVARS TO MAJOR STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
C. J. DEMIANYK ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Oryzaephilus Mercator ◽  
Exploratory Experiment

Vulnerability of seven common wheat cultivars to nine major species of stored-product beetles was determined in two experiments by measuring multiplication rates on whole and crushed seeds at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity for 12 wk. Susceptibility of a cultivar to an insect was assumed to be proportional to the multiplication of that insect. Vulnerability of cultivars varied considerably depending on the insect species infesting the seed. Whole seeds generally were less susceptible to insects than crushed seeds, except for Sitophilus spp. and Rhyzopertha dominica. In the first exploratory experiment using three cultivars and nine insect species, whole seeds of Norstar, HY320 and Neepawa were least susceptible to Tribolium audax and Oryzaephilus mercator, and most susceptible to Sitophilus oryzae and R. dominica. In the second experiment using six cultivars and six insect species, susceptibility of whole seeds appeared to be related to the kernel hardness of a cultivar with Glenlea and Neepawa being least susceptible to infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus, O. surinamensis, T. castaneum and T. confusum. Kernel hardness either did not affect or slightly affected the multiplication rates of Sitophilus spp. and R. dominica. Generally, soft wheat cultivars grown in western Canada are at a greater risk of postharvest insect damage than are the hard red spring cultivars; HY320 which is intermediate in kernel hardness may be prone to greater insect infestation.Key words: Wheat, Norstar, HY320, stored-product beetles

Implications of late fall and early spring 2,4-D applications on subsequent canola production on Black, Dark Brown and Gray Wooded Soil

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Made In

Late fall or early spring application of 2,4-D to control winter annual weeds prior to canola has not been recommended as the herbicidal effects on canola growth and development on varying soil types are not well defined. 2,4-D was applied to Black, Dark Brown and Gray Wooded soils located in west-central and northwest Saskatchewan. Applications were made in the fall and early spring prior to planting Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L. canola from 1992 to 1994 at the recommended (0.42 kg ha−1) and twice the recommended rate. The rate of 2,4-D applied had no effect on canola plant population, pods per plant, yield, green seed, chlorophyll, kernel or test weight. Application of 2,4-D in the fall had no effect on any variable while spring application reduced plant stands and increased green content but had no effect on pod production, yield or chlorophyll content. Late fall application of 2,4-D prior to canola in rotation should be recognized as a valuable addition to weed management in canola, particularly when direct seeding is practised. Key words: Canola, 2,4-D, soil residual, injury

Molecular characterization of vernalization response genes in Canadian spring wheat

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Donald F. Salmon ◽  
Dean Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Deletion Allele ◽  
Vrn Genes

Vernalization response (Vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering/maturity times of spring-sown wheat. We characterized a representative set of 40 western Canadian adapted spring wheat cultivars/lines for 3 Vrn loci. The 40 genotypes were screened, along with 4 genotypes of known Vrn genes, using previously published genome-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed for detecting the presence or absence of dominant or recessive alleles of the major Vrn loci: Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1. The dominant promoter duplication allele Vrn-A1a was present in 34 of 40 cultivars/lines, whereas the promoter deletion allele Vrn-A1b was present in only 1 of the western Canadian cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Rescue’) and 2 of its derivative chromosomal substitution lines. The intron deletion allele Vrn-A1c was not present in any line tested. Only 4 of the western Canadian spring wheat cultivars tested here carry the recessive vrn-A1 allele. The dominant allele of Vrn-B1 was detected in 20 cultivars/lines. Fourteen cultivars/lines had dominant alleles of Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1 in combination. All cultivars/lines carried the recessive allele for Vrn-D1. The predominance of the dominant allele Vrn-A1a in Canadian spring wheat appears to be due to the allele's vernalization insensitivity, which confers earliness under nonvernalizing growing conditions. Wheat breeders in western Canada have incorporated the Vrn-A1a allele into spring wheats mainly by selecting for early genotypes for a short growing season, thereby avoiding early and late season frosts. For the development of early maturing cultivars with high yield potential, different combinations of Vrn alleles may be incorporated into spring wheat breeding programs in western Canada.

scholarly journals Black Point Reaction of Durum and Common Wheat Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation in Southern Saskatchewan

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
R. E. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Six durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and six common (T. aestivum L.) wheat cultivars were compared for reaction to black point under irrigation at two locations in southern Saskatchewan in 1990 to 1992 and 1994. There were individual varietal differences in black point levels within each of the species. The Canada Western Soft White Spring wheat Fielder was the most susceptible and the Canada Western Red Spring wheat Katepwa was the most resistant to black point. The location-cultivar-year interaction was a significant source of variation and a crossover cultivar-environment interaction was significant, suggesting that rank order of cultivars differed with environment. The durum wheat had significantly higher black point levels than the common wheat cultivars in three of the seven environments conducive to black point, two of which were in 1992, and had high overall black point levels. This greater black point severity on the durum wheat cultivars might have been due to cool, wet weather conditions and frosts during seed development that delayed ripening.

Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relative Prevalence

Fernandez, M. R., Fox, S. L., Hucl, P., Singh, A. K. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 937–946. A 3-yr field study (2010 to 2012) was conducted in the Brown soil zone of southwest Saskatchewan to determine the reactions of common, durum and spelt wheat cultivars currently registered in western Canada, and of Kamut wheat, to common root rot (CRR) under organic management. The genotypes selected for this study are often grown by organic producers in this region. Over the 3 yr of this study, Cochliobolus sativus, the main causal agent of CRR, was the fungus most frequently isolated from discoloured subcrown internodes, followed by Fusarium spp. The latter constituted an overall total of over 19% of all isolations and consisted of at least 12 different species, the most frequently detected of which were F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum and F. oxysporum. The relative prevalence of the most commonly isolated genera/species agrees most closely with previous studies conducted under organic management. In general, C. sativus was less common in Kamut than in durum and spelt wheat, and it was more frequently isolated from durum than common wheat. In contrast, there were few differences in the isolation of Fusarium spp. among wheat species. Their isolation was greater for common wheat and Kamut than for durum wheat. For all 3 yr, the greatest mean CRR severity was observed in spelt wheat, followed by durum wheat and Kamut, with common wheat having the lowest average severity. For individual cultivars, the durum wheat AC Avonlea, Kyle and Transcend had the greatest CRR severity of all cultivars in this species and CDC Verona the lowest. Common wheat cultivars AC Elsa, CDC Kernen and Red Fife had the greatest CRR severity and Superb and Unity the lowest severity within their species. Under organic conditions, avoiding growing cultivars with high susceptibility to CRR is recommended given the expected presence of this disease in most fields and environments.

Simulation of the internal temperature in the Passol Laboratory, University of Debrecen

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Csáky ◽  
F. Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Structure ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Abstract Nowadays the facades of newly built buildings have significant glazed surfaces. The solar gains in these buildings can produce discomfort caused by direct solar radiation on the one hand and by the higher indoor air temperature on the other hand. The amplitude of the indoor air temperature variation depends on the glazed area, orientation of the facade and heat storage capacity of the building. This paper presents the results of a simulation, which were made in the Passol Laboratory of University of Debrecen in order to define the internal temperature variation. The simulation proved that the highest amplitudes of the internal temperature are obtained for East orientation of the facade. The upper acceptable limit of the internal air temperature is exceeded for each analyzed orientation: North, South, East, West. Comparing different building structures, according to the obtained results, in case of the heavy structure more cooling hours are obtained, but the energy consumption for cooling is lower.

scholarly journals Theoretical Modelling of Ion Exchange Processes in Glass: Advances and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5070
Author(s):  
Xesús Prieto-Blanco ◽  
Carlos Montero-Orille
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Copper Films ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

In the last few years, some advances have been made in the theoretical modelling of ion exchange processes in glass. On the one hand, the equations that describe the evolution of the cation concentration were rewritten in a more rigorous manner. This was made into two theoretical frameworks. In the first one, the self-diffusion coefficients were assumed to be constant, whereas, in the second one, a more realistic cation behaviour was considered by taking into account the so-called mixed ion effect. Along with these equations, the boundary conditions for the usual ion exchange processes from molten salts, silver and copper films and metallic cathodes were accordingly established. On the other hand, the modelling of some ion exchange processes that have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, including glass poling, electro-diffusion of multivalent metals and the formation/dissolution of silver nanoparticles, has been addressed. In such processes, the usual approximations that are made in ion exchange modelling are not always valid. An overview of the progress made and the remaining challenges in the modelling of these unique processes is provided at the end of this review.

scholarly journals Modeling and evaluating beat gestures for social robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Zabala ◽  
Igor Rodriguez ◽  
José María Martínez-Otzeta ◽  
Elena Lazkano
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

AbstractNatural gestures are a desirable feature for a humanoid robot, as they are presumed to elicit a more comfortable interaction in people. With this aim in mind, we present in this paper a system to develop a natural talking gesture generation behavior. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) produces novel beat gestures from the data captured from recordings of human talking. The data is obtained without the need for any kind of wearable, as a motion capture system properly estimates the position of the limbs/joints involved in human expressive talking behavior. After testing in a Pepper robot, it is shown that the system is able to generate natural gestures during large talking periods without becoming repetitive. This approach is computationally more demanding than previous work, therefore a comparison is made in order to evaluate the improvements. This comparison is made by calculating some common measures about the end effectors’ trajectories (jerk and path lengths) and complemented by the Fréchet Gesture Distance (FGD) that aims to measure the fidelity of the generated gestures with respect to the provided ones. Results show that the described system is able to learn natural gestures just by observation and improves the one developed with a simpler motion capture system. The quantitative results are sustained by questionnaire based human evaluation.

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