VULNERABILITY OF COMMON WHEAT CULTIVARS TO MAJOR STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
C. J. DEMIANYK ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Oryzaephilus Mercator ◽  
Exploratory Experiment

Vulnerability of seven common wheat cultivars to nine major species of stored-product beetles was determined in two experiments by measuring multiplication rates on whole and crushed seeds at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity for 12 wk. Susceptibility of a cultivar to an insect was assumed to be proportional to the multiplication of that insect. Vulnerability of cultivars varied considerably depending on the insect species infesting the seed. Whole seeds generally were less susceptible to insects than crushed seeds, except for Sitophilus spp. and Rhyzopertha dominica. In the first exploratory experiment using three cultivars and nine insect species, whole seeds of Norstar, HY320 and Neepawa were least susceptible to Tribolium audax and Oryzaephilus mercator, and most susceptible to Sitophilus oryzae and R. dominica. In the second experiment using six cultivars and six insect species, susceptibility of whole seeds appeared to be related to the kernel hardness of a cultivar with Glenlea and Neepawa being least susceptible to infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus, O. surinamensis, T. castaneum and T. confusum. Kernel hardness either did not affect or slightly affected the multiplication rates of Sitophilus spp. and R. dominica. Generally, soft wheat cultivars grown in western Canada are at a greater risk of postharvest insect damage than are the hard red spring cultivars; HY320 which is intermediate in kernel hardness may be prone to greater insect infestation.Key words: Wheat, Norstar, HY320, stored-product beetles

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SPRING WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS SOWN IN LATE FALL AND EARLY SPRING IN WESTERN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Over a 4-year period, four cultivars of wheat, two of barley, and two of oats were sown shortly before the soil was continuously frozen in the fall (average date October 28) and soon after land could be prepared in the spring (average date May 8). Fall-sown wheat emerged in the spring each year, and in 2 of the 4 years outyielded spring-sown wheat. Mainly because of 1 very poor year fall-sown wheat yields averaged 20% lower than spring-sown. Increased seeding rates were partially effective in improving stands of fall-sown wheat. Common wheat cultivars were better adapted to fall-seeding than the one durum cultivar tested. Heading and maturity dates were 4–7 days earlier in fall-sown than in early spring-sown wheat. Fall-sown barley and oats emerged in the spring in only 2 of the 4 years. In these 2 years grain yields of fall-sown barley were reduced 22% and oats 17% as compared with spring seeding. Heading and maturity dates of barley and oats were from 0 to 4 days earlier in seedings made in the fall.

scholarly journals Survey of insects and Mites Associated with Stored Rice in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
IB Ezeobiora ◽  
KA Kemabonta ◽  
WA Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Percentage Occurrence ◽  
Rice Samples

Insect pest infestation causes quantitative or qualitative losses in stored Rice. Proper identification of the insect species infesting stored Rice is critical for making pest management decisions. This study assesses the species composition and abundance of insect pests of stored Rice in Nigeria. Imported and Local Rice samples each weighing one kilogram were obtained every 6 months from three randomly selected vendors in randomly selected markets in 14 towns in 14 states in Nigeria. 50g were weighed from each sample and kept in vials, covered, strapped with rubber band and kept in the laboratory. The Rice samples were sieved to collect all adult insects present after Six months in storage. Sampling lasted for two years (2016-2017). There were 11 species of insect pests and one Mite species in the stored Imported and Local Rice samples. Most of the species were from the order Coleoptera with the percentage occurrence of 80.9% in Imported Rice and 82% in Local Rice. The insect species composition includes Sitophilus oryzae, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Sitophilus zeamais, Psocids, Sitotroga cerealella, Ahasverus advena, Tribolium castaneum Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Oryzaephilus mercator and Rhyzopertha dominica. The Psocid and mite species could not be identified. Sitophilus oryzae was the main insect pest of Rice with the percentage occurrence of 39.23% in Imported Rice and 26.87% in Local Rice. The outcome of this study is very important in planning control measures as the knowledge of the species composition and abundance of insect pests is an important component of pest management in stored Rice in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Deterioration of Grain Quality of Wheat by Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Singh ◽  
D.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage

Background: A number of storage pests viz., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Evert.) damage stored wheat. However, S. oryzae is considered a primary pest of stored wheat and has been reported to prefer soft textured wheat cultivars.Methods: The grains of three bread (soft textured) viz., HD2967, PDW314, PBW658 and three durum wheat (hard textured) cultivars viz., WHD943, PBW621, PDW291 were screened for feeding response by rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in the laboratory. Each cultivar seed was properly cleaned and disinfested before its use. A 100g seed sample of each cultivar was taken into the plastic jars. Of the pure culture, ten 1-2 week young one insects (1:1 sex ratio) were released into the jars each containing different cultivar grains. The jars were covered with white muslin as three separate storage sets, i.e., 30, 60 and 90 days after storage to record data observations. Result: Durum wheat cultivars being low in protein contents were comparatively less preferred for pest feeding and cultivar PDW291 was found highly resistant based on low insect emergence, grain damage and weight loss. The bread wheat cultivars due to high protein contents were highly preferred by the pest and cultivar HD2967 showed maximum preference. The biochemical properties like ash contents and crude fibres showed positive while crude fats and protein a negative correlation with the pest infestation. 

Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relative Prevalence

Fernandez, M. R., Fox, S. L., Hucl, P., Singh, A. K. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 937–946. A 3-yr field study (2010 to 2012) was conducted in the Brown soil zone of southwest Saskatchewan to determine the reactions of common, durum and spelt wheat cultivars currently registered in western Canada, and of Kamut wheat, to common root rot (CRR) under organic management. The genotypes selected for this study are often grown by organic producers in this region. Over the 3 yr of this study, Cochliobolus sativus, the main causal agent of CRR, was the fungus most frequently isolated from discoloured subcrown internodes, followed by Fusarium spp. The latter constituted an overall total of over 19% of all isolations and consisted of at least 12 different species, the most frequently detected of which were F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum and F. oxysporum. The relative prevalence of the most commonly isolated genera/species agrees most closely with previous studies conducted under organic management. In general, C. sativus was less common in Kamut than in durum and spelt wheat, and it was more frequently isolated from durum than common wheat. In contrast, there were few differences in the isolation of Fusarium spp. among wheat species. Their isolation was greater for common wheat and Kamut than for durum wheat. For all 3 yr, the greatest mean CRR severity was observed in spelt wheat, followed by durum wheat and Kamut, with common wheat having the lowest average severity. For individual cultivars, the durum wheat AC Avonlea, Kyle and Transcend had the greatest CRR severity of all cultivars in this species and CDC Verona the lowest. Common wheat cultivars AC Elsa, CDC Kernen and Red Fife had the greatest CRR severity and Superb and Unity the lowest severity within their species. Under organic conditions, avoiding growing cultivars with high susceptibility to CRR is recommended given the expected presence of this disease in most fields and environments.

scholarly journals An influence of herbs on the sex structure in populations of insect pests of stored products

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kłyś
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis

Abstract The effects of powdered herbs (lavender Lavandula officinalis L., peppermint Mentha piperita L. and basil Ocimium basilicum L.) added to the food substances of three insect species: the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) on the life span and development of the three insect species as well as habitat conditions, sex structure, and the survivability of males and females were considered. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity (RH) 60 ±5%. In all the studied populations, high female mortality was found (♂/♀ < 1). The studied populations were: the rice weevil and the lesser grain borer cultured in wheat grain with herb additions, and the saw-toothed grain beetle cultured in semolina with herb additions. Among the herbs used, peppermint caused a significant effect in the form of increased mortality rates among females of S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Lavender and basil had a similar impact among R. dominica females. The herbs applied in the experiments intensified the mortality of females and, consequently, led to the disappearance of entire populations.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Natural Formulation Activity in the Protection of Stored Wheat and Barley Against the Stored-Product Insects

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Ivan Paponja ◽  
Vlatka Rozman ◽  
Pavo Lucić ◽  
Anita Liška
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Natural Formulation

The stored-product insects are one of the major causes of losses in the stored cereals. Most of control measures still rely on a synthetic pesticide usage, but due to its negative side effects on the goods, human health, and the environment, there is an urgent need for an alternative control. A natural formulation based on the diatomaceous earth (DE) SilicoSec®, enhanced with the botanicals (essential oil lavender, corn oil, and bay leaves dust) and the silica gel was developed. The aim of the study was to test the activity of the developed formulation as a postharvest protectant of seed wheat and barley in the suppression Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). As a reference comparative value, the DE SilicoSec® was applied. Subsequent to the six months of storage under the simulated warehouse conditions, the formulation has completely suppressed the initial population development of all three tested insect species, both in wheat and barley. In wheat, a complete suppression was detected at the dose of 500 ppm against T. castaneum and 600 ppm against both R. dominica and S. oryzae. In barley, a complete suppression was detected at the doses of 500 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm against R. dominica, T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively. Conclusively, the results of this study indicate that the developed natural formulation based on the DE, botanicals, and silica gel was highly effective against the three major stored‐product insect species, providing a long-term safe storage of wheat and barley seeds.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Nutraceutical Value of Old and Modern Common Wheat Cultivars

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Leoncini ◽  
Cecilia Prata ◽  
Marco Malaguti ◽  
Ilaria Marotti ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phytochemical Profile
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