Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relative Prevalence

Fernandez, M. R., Fox, S. L., Hucl, P., Singh, A. K. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Root rot severity and fungal populations in spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut grown under organic management in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 937–946. A 3-yr field study (2010 to 2012) was conducted in the Brown soil zone of southwest Saskatchewan to determine the reactions of common, durum and spelt wheat cultivars currently registered in western Canada, and of Kamut wheat, to common root rot (CRR) under organic management. The genotypes selected for this study are often grown by organic producers in this region. Over the 3 yr of this study, Cochliobolus sativus, the main causal agent of CRR, was the fungus most frequently isolated from discoloured subcrown internodes, followed by Fusarium spp. The latter constituted an overall total of over 19% of all isolations and consisted of at least 12 different species, the most frequently detected of which were F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum and F. oxysporum. The relative prevalence of the most commonly isolated genera/species agrees most closely with previous studies conducted under organic management. In general, C. sativus was less common in Kamut than in durum and spelt wheat, and it was more frequently isolated from durum than common wheat. In contrast, there were few differences in the isolation of Fusarium spp. among wheat species. Their isolation was greater for common wheat and Kamut than for durum wheat. For all 3 yr, the greatest mean CRR severity was observed in spelt wheat, followed by durum wheat and Kamut, with common wheat having the lowest average severity. For individual cultivars, the durum wheat AC Avonlea, Kyle and Transcend had the greatest CRR severity of all cultivars in this species and CDC Verona the lowest. Common wheat cultivars AC Elsa, CDC Kernen and Red Fife had the greatest CRR severity and Superb and Unity the lowest severity within their species. Under organic conditions, avoiding growing cultivars with high susceptibility to CRR is recommended given the expected presence of this disease in most fields and environments.

Leaf spotting reaction of spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut under organic management in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
The Common

Fernandez, M. R., Fox, S. L., Hucl, P. and Singh, A. K. 2014. Leaf spotting reaction of spring common, durum and spelt wheat, and Kamut under organic management in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 929–935. A 3-yr field study (2010 to 2012) was conducted in southwest Saskatchewan to determine the reaction of common, durum and spelt wheat cultivars currently registered in western Canada, and of Kamut wheat, to the leaf spot disease complex (LS) under organic management. The genotypes selected for this study are often grown by organic producers in this region. Overall, the most common LS diseases observed had been observed in previous studies under conventional management in the same area. For all 3 yr, common wheat cultivars with the highest LS scores were AC Barrie, CDC Go, Superb, and Unity, while those with the lowest scores were AC Andrew, CDC Bounty and Lillian. For durum wheat, Kyle had overall the greatest LS scores. CDC Zorba had lower LS scores than the other spelt wheat, CDC Origin, and it also had the lowest LS levels of all genotypes in this study. Kamut wheat was similar to the common and durum wheat cultivars for LS severity. The relative presence of the most common LS pathogens isolated (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Phaeosphaeria avenaria f. sp. triticea, Cochliobolus sativus, Mycosphaerella graminicola) from each of the four wheat species in each of the three years is also presented and discussed.

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: IV. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND CULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM SPP. AS INDICATED BY ISOLATIONS FROM WHEAT PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Marked Tendency

The crown and root tissue from 43,305 of 47,360 plants examined in this investigation yielded Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., either alone or in combination with these or other fungi and bacteria. It was the exception for any mature plant, the surface tissue of which was disinfected, to be free from fungi or bacteria. None of the various crop sequences or cultural practices used in this study appeared to significantly affect more than another the relative prevalence of either H. sativum or Fusarium spp., as indicated by isolations from the crown tissue of wheat. However, as there was a marked tendency at certain stations each year for H. sativum or Fusarium spp. to predominate, it was concluded that certain factors of the environment were more effective than the crop sequence in modifying the relative prevalence of the two fungi mentioned in the crown and root tissue of wheat plants.

VULNERABILITY OF COMMON WHEAT CULTIVARS TO MAJOR STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
C. J. DEMIANYK ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Oryzaephilus Mercator ◽  
Exploratory Experiment

Vulnerability of seven common wheat cultivars to nine major species of stored-product beetles was determined in two experiments by measuring multiplication rates on whole and crushed seeds at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity for 12 wk. Susceptibility of a cultivar to an insect was assumed to be proportional to the multiplication of that insect. Vulnerability of cultivars varied considerably depending on the insect species infesting the seed. Whole seeds generally were less susceptible to insects than crushed seeds, except for Sitophilus spp. and Rhyzopertha dominica. In the first exploratory experiment using three cultivars and nine insect species, whole seeds of Norstar, HY320 and Neepawa were least susceptible to Tribolium audax and Oryzaephilus mercator, and most susceptible to Sitophilus oryzae and R. dominica. In the second experiment using six cultivars and six insect species, susceptibility of whole seeds appeared to be related to the kernel hardness of a cultivar with Glenlea and Neepawa being least susceptible to infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus, O. surinamensis, T. castaneum and T. confusum. Kernel hardness either did not affect or slightly affected the multiplication rates of Sitophilus spp. and R. dominica. Generally, soft wheat cultivars grown in western Canada are at a greater risk of postharvest insect damage than are the hard red spring cultivars; HY320 which is intermediate in kernel hardness may be prone to greater insect infestation.Key words: Wheat, Norstar, HY320, stored-product beetles

scholarly journals Evaluation of protein fractions as biochemical markers for identification of spelt wheat cultivars (Triticum spelta L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dvořáček ◽  
V. Čurn
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Polymorphism Level

Four protein fractions: 1 – albumins and globulins, 2 – gliadins, 3 – glutenins (extracted in NaOH), 4 – glutenins (extracted in SDS) separated by SDS-PAGE were used as biochemical markers for evaluation of polymorphism level in three spelt wheat cultivars – Hercule, Altgold and Rouquin, three new–breeders’ spelt lines – H92.27, H92.28 and M92.20 (originated from hybridisation between spelt and common wheat) and reference common wheat cultivar Brea. Electrophoretic phenotypes and zymograms were evaluated by means of digital image analysis and Nei and Li coefficient of similarity was used to evaluate the relation of analysed genotypes. Entire evaluation of all four-marker systems showed differences between common wheat cultivarBreaand spelt cultivars and spelt breeders’ lines. Also significant differences between old spelt cultivars (Hercule, Altgold and Rouquin) and new spelt breeders’ lines were found. The reality of the mutual passing of protein fractions (gliadins and glutenins), based on Osborne extraction was confirmed. In this sense it is necessary to see both fractions as dynamic overlapping structures.

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SPRING WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS SOWN IN LATE FALL AND EARLY SPRING IN WESTERN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Over a 4-year period, four cultivars of wheat, two of barley, and two of oats were sown shortly before the soil was continuously frozen in the fall (average date October 28) and soon after land could be prepared in the spring (average date May 8). Fall-sown wheat emerged in the spring each year, and in 2 of the 4 years outyielded spring-sown wheat. Mainly because of 1 very poor year fall-sown wheat yields averaged 20% lower than spring-sown. Increased seeding rates were partially effective in improving stands of fall-sown wheat. Common wheat cultivars were better adapted to fall-seeding than the one durum cultivar tested. Heading and maturity dates were 4–7 days earlier in fall-sown than in early spring-sown wheat. Fall-sown barley and oats emerged in the spring in only 2 of the 4 years. In these 2 years grain yields of fall-sown barley were reduced 22% and oats 17% as compared with spring seeding. Heading and maturity dates of barley and oats were from 0 to 4 days earlier in seedings made in the fall.

scholarly journals Black Point Reaction of Durum and Common Wheat Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation in Southern Saskatchewan

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
R. E. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Six durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and six common (T. aestivum L.) wheat cultivars were compared for reaction to black point under irrigation at two locations in southern Saskatchewan in 1990 to 1992 and 1994. There were individual varietal differences in black point levels within each of the species. The Canada Western Soft White Spring wheat Fielder was the most susceptible and the Canada Western Red Spring wheat Katepwa was the most resistant to black point. The location-cultivar-year interaction was a significant source of variation and a crossover cultivar-environment interaction was significant, suggesting that rank order of cultivars differed with environment. The durum wheat had significantly higher black point levels than the common wheat cultivars in three of the seven environments conducive to black point, two of which were in 1992, and had high overall black point levels. This greater black point severity on the durum wheat cultivars might have been due to cool, wet weather conditions and frosts during seed development that delayed ripening.

Control measures of root rot fungal pathogens by producing resistance against twelve wheat cultivars under greenhouse in Nebraska State of USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Tony Adesemoye ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Mewash Maqbool ◽  
Azhar Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Development and validation of a method for quantification of common wheat, durum wheat, rye and barley by droplet digital PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schulze ◽  
Anne-Catrin Geuthner ◽  
Dietrich Mäde
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Droplet Digital Pcr ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Single Genome ◽  
Cereal Species

AbstractFood fraud is becoming a prominent topic in the food industry. Thus, valid methods for detecting potential adulterations are necessary to identify instances of food fraud in cereal products, a significant component of human diet. In this work, primer–probe systems for real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of these cereal species: bread wheat (together with spelt), durum wheat, rye and barley for real-time PCR and ddPCR were established, optimized and validated. In addition, it was projected to validate a molecular system for differentiation of bread wheat and spelt; however, attempts for molecular differentiation between common wheat and spelt based on the gene GAG56D failed because of the genetic variability of the molecular target. Primer–probe systems were further developed and optimized on the basis of alignments of DNA sequences, as well as already developed PCR systems. The specificity of each system was demonstrated on 10 (spelt), 11 (durum wheat and rye) and 12 (bread wheat) reference samples. Specificity of the barley system was already proved in previous work. The calculated limits of detection (LOD95%) were between 2.43 and 4.07 single genome copies in real-time PCR. Based on the “three droplet rule”, the LOD95% in ddPCR was calculated to be 9.07–13.26 single genome copies. The systems were tested in mixtures of flours (rye and common wheat) and of semolina (durum and common wheat). The methods proved to be robust with regard to the tested conditions in the ddPCR. The developed primer–probe systems for ddPCR proved to be effective in quantitatively detecting the investigated cereal species rye and common wheat in mixtures by taking into account the haploid genome weight and the degree of milling of a flour. This method can correctly detect proportions of 50%, 60% and 90% wholemeal rye flour in a mixture of wholemeal common wheat flour. Quantitative results depend on the DNA content, on ploidy of cereal species and are also influenced by comminution. Hence, the proportion of less processed rye is overestimated in higher processed bread wheat and adulteration of durum wheat by common wheat by 1–5% resulted in underestimation of common wheat.

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