EFFECT OF GRASSES ON HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM IN SOIL

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ledingham ◽  
S. H. F. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

Relatively few spores of Helminthosporium sativum P.K. and B. were found on the crowns and roots and in the soil surrounding the crowns and roots of established stands of bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., and crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Isolations from crown and root tissue yielded few cultures of H. sativum. Wheat and barley grown in comparable locations had high rates of infection, and spores were produced in abundance. These grasses apparently do not serve as an important infection reservoir for H. sativum in crop rotation and they should be useful in eradicating the pathogen from the soil. Fusarium culmorum was rarely isolated from grasses, although other Fusarium spp. were common.

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: IV. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND CULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM SPP. AS INDICATED BY ISOLATIONS FROM WHEAT PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Marked Tendency

The crown and root tissue from 43,305 of 47,360 plants examined in this investigation yielded Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., either alone or in combination with these or other fungi and bacteria. It was the exception for any mature plant, the surface tissue of which was disinfected, to be free from fungi or bacteria. None of the various crop sequences or cultural practices used in this study appeared to significantly affect more than another the relative prevalence of either H. sativum or Fusarium spp., as indicated by isolations from the crown tissue of wheat. However, as there was a marked tendency at certain stations each year for H. sativum or Fusarium spp. to predominate, it was concluded that certain factors of the environment were more effective than the crop sequence in modifying the relative prevalence of the two fungi mentioned in the crown and root tissue of wheat plants.

WHEAT YIELDS AND SOIL AGGREGATION AFTER PERENNIAL GRASSES IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
L. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Spring wheat grown the year following breaking of stands of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) or bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) in a semi-arid region of the Canadian prairies yielded 17 per cent less than wheat grown on summerfallow in a 2-year wheat-summerfallow rotation. After three successive cycles of the 2-year wheat-summerfallow rotation on the sod breaking, the wheat yields were about equal to those obtained from the check plots. The grasses did not improve soil aggregation any more quickly than that which occurred in the wheat-fallow regime under an adopted strip cropping management.

LONG-TERM STORAGE OF GRASS SEEDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ACKIGOZ ◽  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Term Storage

Seeds of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., intermediate wheatgrass, A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv., and smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., were stored for 20 yr under various conditions. Temperature was a major factor affecting success with viability inversely related to storage temperature. At −7 and −18 °C, viabilities of 80–90% were shown after 20 yr storage. Drying seed for 7.5 h at 60 °C prior to storage gave little improvement over undried seed stored with 8% moisture. Plastic bags gave storage as good as glass jars with screw-top lids, although plastic bags were less effective in excluding moisture. It was concluded that adequate germination for reproduction of strains could be obtained after 25–30 yr of storage.Key words: Storage, grass, seeds

EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES AND THEIR APPLICATION TIME ON ALFALFA FORAGE PRODUCTION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Crepis Tectorum ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Dichlobenil at 2 kg ha−1 yearly increased alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. ’Beaver’) forage yield by 17% over 4 yr, and controlled narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard (Crepis tectorum L.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber). Terbacil increased forage yield by 5% in spite of damage to the alfalfa immediately after application in spring and at 2 kg ha−1 suppressed growth of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.). 2,4-D controlled only narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, damaged alfalfa moderately to severely, reduced yields, but increased forage protein and phosphorus levels some of the time. There were no significant differences in yield between fall and spring applications of herbicides.Key words: Alfalfa, simazine, 2,4-D, dichlobenil, terbacil, napropamide

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDY GRASSES ON SEED PRODUCTION OF BROMEGRASS, CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND TIMOTHY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Herbicides for the control of annual grass weeds were applied to established seed-producing stands of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) in spring each year 1979 through 1981 and to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in 1980 and 1981. Flamprop methyl reduced seed yields in 2 years in bromegrass and in 1 year in crested wheatgrass and timothy. Diclofop methyl and difenzoquat reduced timothy and bromegrass yields, but not yields of crested wheat-grass. Diclofop methyl and flamprop methyl stunted timothy, reduced the number of seed heads formed, and delayed their maturation. Propanil reduced timothy seed yield 1 year, but did not reduce bromegrass yields. Dichlobenil had no deleterious effects.Key words: Bromus inermis, Agropyron cristatum, Phleum pratense, seed production, herbicides

RECOVERY IN WHEAT FROM EARLY INFECTIONS BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM CULMORUM

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Early Seedling

The tendency of wheat plants to recover from initial stunting by Helminthosporium sativum and Fusarium culmorum was studied under field conditions by comparing areas of the successively formed leaves of the main culm. The yields of grain were taken as the over-all measure of the influence of disease on the plants.H. sativum when applied to seed caused significant reduction in areas of the first and second leaves of the seedlings. Successive leaves were progressively larger in relation to those of the uninoculated plants. The two varieties in the experiment were about equally stunted in the early seedling stage. Reward made a notable recovery as indicated by increased areas of the later leaves and a substantially greater yield of grain than in the controls. Thatcher made only a partial recovery and its yield of grain was slightly depressed.F. culmorum produced less stunting than H. sativum in seedling leaves, and recovery as indicated in the later leaves was less marked though significant.H. sativum and F. culmorum on the same plants caused more initial stunting of leaves followed by greater recovery than with either fungus alone.

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