EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES AND THEIR APPLICATION TIME ON ALFALFA FORAGE PRODUCTION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Crepis Tectorum ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Dichlobenil at 2 kg ha−1 yearly increased alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. ’Beaver’) forage yield by 17% over 4 yr, and controlled narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard (Crepis tectorum L.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber). Terbacil increased forage yield by 5% in spite of damage to the alfalfa immediately after application in spring and at 2 kg ha−1 suppressed growth of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.). 2,4-D controlled only narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, damaged alfalfa moderately to severely, reduced yields, but increased forage protein and phosphorus levels some of the time. There were no significant differences in yield between fall and spring applications of herbicides.Key words: Alfalfa, simazine, 2,4-D, dichlobenil, terbacil, napropamide

Reevaluation of row spacing/plant density of seeded pasture grasses for the semiarid prairie

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
G. Andrew Kielly
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Harvest Method

Previous research in the semiarid prairie at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, indicated that optimum row spacing for forage production was 60 or 90 cm for crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner) and Russian wild ryegrass (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski). However, recent research suggested that harvest method affects forage yield estimates from row spacing experiments. An experiment with three row spacings of mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with crested wheatgrass and Russian wild ryegrass was harvested mechanically and by hand. Yield differences between methods of harvesting were affected by row spacing; larger differences were observed at 15 cm than at 60 cm spacing, particularly for Russian wild ryegrass. The highest hand-harvested forage yield estimates were observed in the narrowest row spacing. In a second experiment, plant density was evaluated for the same grasses using square grid spacings of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 cm. Decreasing plant density was associated with decreased hand-harvested forage yield in both species. In a third experiment, 60- and 90-cm row spacing resulted in more seed heads and lower leaf content than 30-cm row spacing. Leaf digestibility increased slightly with increased row spacing. These results suggest that 30-cm row spacing should be recommended to producers for sustainable pastures in the semiarid prairie region. Key words: Forage yield, forage quality, leaf:stem ratio, plot technique

VARIABILITY FOR IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Significant differences in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) were found between plants of diploid Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and tetraploid A. desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. Narrow-sense heritabilities for IVDOM ranged from 0.36 to 0.76. IVDOM showed no relationship to plant height, forage yield and lodging percentage, but was significantly correlated with leaf percentage. Diploid strains were more palatable than tetraploids and were significantly superior in IVDOM. A sharp decline in in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) occurred from heading to the end of anthesis with little decline thereafter. Approximately 1 wk prior to anthesis, the IVDDM of crested wheatgrass was similar to that of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), but at subsequent stages crested wheatgrass was inferior. It was concluded that limited progress in breeding for quality in crested wheatgrass was possible using in vitro testing.

WHEAT YIELDS AND SOIL AGGREGATION AFTER PERENNIAL GRASSES IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
L. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Spring wheat grown the year following breaking of stands of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) or bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) in a semi-arid region of the Canadian prairies yielded 17 per cent less than wheat grown on summerfallow in a 2-year wheat-summerfallow rotation. After three successive cycles of the 2-year wheat-summerfallow rotation on the sod breaking, the wheat yields were about equal to those obtained from the check plots. The grasses did not improve soil aggregation any more quickly than that which occurred in the wheat-fallow regime under an adopted strip cropping management.

LONG-TERM STORAGE OF GRASS SEEDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ACKIGOZ ◽  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Term Storage

Seeds of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., intermediate wheatgrass, A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv., and smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., were stored for 20 yr under various conditions. Temperature was a major factor affecting success with viability inversely related to storage temperature. At −7 and −18 °C, viabilities of 80–90% were shown after 20 yr storage. Drying seed for 7.5 h at 60 °C prior to storage gave little improvement over undried seed stored with 8% moisture. Plastic bags gave storage as good as glass jars with screw-top lids, although plastic bags were less effective in excluding moisture. It was concluded that adequate germination for reproduction of strains could be obtained after 25–30 yr of storage.Key words: Storage, grass, seeds

EFFECT OF GRASSES ON HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM IN SOIL

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ledingham ◽  
S. H. F. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

Relatively few spores of Helminthosporium sativum P.K. and B. were found on the crowns and roots and in the soil surrounding the crowns and roots of established stands of bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., and crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Isolations from crown and root tissue yielded few cultures of H. sativum. Wheat and barley grown in comparable locations had high rates of infection, and spores were produced in abundance. These grasses apparently do not serve as an important infection reservoir for H. sativum in crop rotation and they should be useful in eradicating the pathogen from the soil. Fusarium culmorum was rarely isolated from grasses, although other Fusarium spp. were common.

EFFECTS OF APPLYING INORGANIC FERTILIZER AND FARMYARD MANURE ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RETURNS IN EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT ◽  
R. P. ZENTNER
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Comparable Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Net Returns

Over a 4-yr period, annual application of inorganic fertilizer (IF) at 55 kg/(ha∙yr) nitrogen (N) plus 12 kg/(ha∙yr) phosphorus (P) and two times this rate or farmyard manure (FYM) at 11 or 22 tonne/(ha∙yr) significantly increased dry matter (DM) yields, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and P content of alfalfa, bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and the grass-alfalfa combinations. Inorganic fertilizer produced larger yield increases of bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and their mixtures with alfalfa than FYM containing slightly more N and P. Each fertilizer form was as effective at increasing forage P, but IF increased the N content of crested wheatgrass or bromegrass by 0.1–0.5% more than a comparable rate of FYM. Utilization of P was 14–20% of that applied as IF and 6–13% of P applied as FYM. Utilization of N by the grasses was 44–52% for IF and 7–29% for FYM. At the relatively low levels applied, each fertilizer form increased bicarbonate-extractable soil P, but had no significant effect on total soil N, P or carbon. Based on forage market values that were related to the nutritional requirements of beef cattle, the net returns for the fertility treatments ranged from $121 to $261/ha for alfalfa, from $53 to $237/ha for grass-alfalfa mixtures and from a $48/ha loss to a $135/ha gain for grass only treatments. Application of IF was equally or more profitable than no fertilizer for all forage types. When FYM was priced on the basis of its total N and P contents, net returns for the 11 and 22 tonne/ha rates of FYM averaged $54/ha or 33% and $112/ha or 62% lower than those for the comparable IF treatments, respectively, and $25/ha or 19% and $65 or 39% lower than for the check treatments. When considering the alfalfa and alfalfa-grass treatments, the break-even value of FYM as a substitute for IF varied from $0 to $6/t of DM.Key words: Inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure, forage yield, forage protein, economic worth of forage

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDY GRASSES ON SEED PRODUCTION OF BROMEGRASS, CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND TIMOTHY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Herbicides for the control of annual grass weeds were applied to established seed-producing stands of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) in spring each year 1979 through 1981 and to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in 1980 and 1981. Flamprop methyl reduced seed yields in 2 years in bromegrass and in 1 year in crested wheatgrass and timothy. Diclofop methyl and difenzoquat reduced timothy and bromegrass yields, but not yields of crested wheat-grass. Diclofop methyl and flamprop methyl stunted timothy, reduced the number of seed heads formed, and delayed their maturation. Propanil reduced timothy seed yield 1 year, but did not reduce bromegrass yields. Dichlobenil had no deleterious effects.Key words: Bromus inermis, Agropyron cristatum, Phleum pratense, seed production, herbicides

scholarly journals 111 Metsulfuron and variable nitrogen application rates on infected tall fescue: effects on stocker performance, forage yield, nutritive value, ergovaline concentration and botanical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Kevin R Meng ◽  
Eric Bailey ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Hannah Allen ◽  
Mikaela Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Application Rates

Abstract Chemical seed-head suppression of endophyte infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) improves stocker cattle performance but may decrease forage yield. Spring nitrogen application increases tall fescue growth with a concomitant increase in ergot alkaloids, produced by the symbiotic endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. We hypothesized that greater amounts of nitrogen applied to tall fescue would increase forage yield and offset losses in forage production from chemical suppression of seed-heads with metsulfuron without effect on alkaloid concentration. Ninety-six steers (270 ± 20 kg) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen paddocks (1.8 ha) on April 18 and continuously grazed for 57 d. Paddocks were blocked by previous use (n = 4) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments; no metsulfuron, no nitrogen (NEGCON), metsulfuron with 0 (MET0), 67 (MET67), or 134 (MET134) kg/ha of ammonium nitrate, applied March 11. Steers grazing MET0 paddocks were removed 17 d early due to insufficient forage availability. Steer weight, forage yield, forage nutritive value and ergot alkaloids in forage samples were measured monthly. Seed-head frequency and species composition were determined in June. Metsulfuron application reduced (P < 0.01) tall fescue seed-heads by 80%. Metsulfuron decreased (P = 0.03) ergovaline but ergovaline increased (P < 0.01) at each monthly sampling across treatments. Nitrogen had no impact on ergovaline concentration (P = 0.50). Forage yield tended to be least (P = 0.07) for MET0, intermediate for NEGCON and MET67, and tended to be greatest for MET134 (P = 0.08). Steer ADG was not affected by treatment (P < 0.80). Metsulfuron decreased NDF (P=0.02) regardless of fertilization rate. Forage CP increased with fertilization (P < 0.01) and no differences were detected between NEGCON and MET0 (P = 0.45). Species composition was not impacted (P >0.07) by treatment. Metsulfuron decreased seed-head growth and ergovaline concentration in tall fescue. Additional nitrogen fertilizer ameliorated forage yield lost to metsulfuron application but did not impact steer gain.

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