RECOVERY IN WHEAT FROM EARLY INFECTIONS BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM CULMORUM

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Early Seedling

The tendency of wheat plants to recover from initial stunting by Helminthosporium sativum and Fusarium culmorum was studied under field conditions by comparing areas of the successively formed leaves of the main culm. The yields of grain were taken as the over-all measure of the influence of disease on the plants.H. sativum when applied to seed caused significant reduction in areas of the first and second leaves of the seedlings. Successive leaves were progressively larger in relation to those of the uninoculated plants. The two varieties in the experiment were about equally stunted in the early seedling stage. Reward made a notable recovery as indicated by increased areas of the later leaves and a substantially greater yield of grain than in the controls. Thatcher made only a partial recovery and its yield of grain was slightly depressed.F. culmorum produced less stunting than H. sativum in seedling leaves, and recovery as indicated in the later leaves was less marked though significant.H. sativum and F. culmorum on the same plants caused more initial stunting of leaves followed by greater recovery than with either fungus alone.

scholarly journals Correlation of yield with early seedling performance and physio-biochemical traits in Basmati rice mutants subjected to heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Zial-ul- Qamar ◽  
Fatma Sarsu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Paddy Yield

The present study aims at deciphering the response of Basmati rice mutants to high temperature stress. The work aims to find an early screening method by correlating seedling and physiological response to yields. After rigorous screening in controlled environment (growth chamber) and field conditions over a period of four years 16 mutants’ lines were selected: HTT-18, HTT-29, HTT-31, HTT-39, HTT-51, HTT-53, HTT-74, HTT-81, HTT-92, HTT-97, HTT-98, HTT-104, HTT-114, HTT-119, HTT-132 and HTT-138. These have been tested against standards: Super Basmati and IR-64. Field trials were conducted at three locations while early seedling-stage traits and their biochemical analyses were studied in growth chamber experiments. Data of seedling traits were used to establish correlations with paddy yield under hot field conditions. The temperatures were high at two sites: Multan and Bahawalpur ranging 24-46 °C and 25-45 °C respectively), and relatively lower at NIAB field station (26-45 °C. The paddy yield was significantly correlated with early seedling-stage traits such as shoot length (0.79**), shoot fresh and dry weight (0.48* and 0.49*), and cell membrane thermo-stability (0.60**). Additionally, significant higher activities of antioxidants (SOD and APX) and lower stress indicators (MDA, esterase and TOS) were observed in the heat tolerant mutants. These mutants were classified for their heat tolerance by principle component analysis (PCA) using yield-correlated early seedling-stage and other physio-biochemical parameters. As a result, the heat tolerance classification of mutants based on PCA coincided with the yield of mutants grown under hot field conditions. The present study suggests that these seedling parameters may be used as surrogates for field performance and used in the selection of thermo-tolerant Basmati rice

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: I. EFFECT OF AGE OF THE WHEAT PLANT UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOT AND ROOT ROT

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Made In

Studies were made to determine whether, in sterilized inoculated soil, Marquis wheat plants became more or less susceptible during the post-seedling stage to Ophiobolus graminis, Helminthosporium sativum, and Fusarium culmorum. While it was found that the plants in the seedling stage were more susceptible than at later stages, there was, with the technique used, no evidence that the plants become more or less susceptible during the post-seedling stage. The reasons for indefinite evidence on this important question are given. In sterilized soil, in open pot culture, inoculum of O. graminis was definitely more virulent when alone than when mixed singly or in combination with H. sativum, F. culmorum or Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides. The virulence of all pathogenes mentioned decreased progressively in sterilized soil, the greatest decrease taking place during the first 40 days, after which they were only slightly pathogenic and at the end of 120 days inoculum of O. graminis was impotent. The virulence of inoculum when added to unsterilized soil was greatly reduced in contrast with that in sterilized soil, and after 10 days it was practically at a minimum. These results emphasize the necessity of protecting inoculated sterilized soil against contamination by other micro-organisms in critical studies made in soil. They also throw light on the much recognized difficulty of producing foot rot in the field by prepared inoculum added to such soil.

ON THE PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENIC FORMS OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM CULMORUM IN THE SOIL OF WHEAT FIELDS AND ITS RELATION TO THE ROOT ROT PROBLEM

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sanford ◽  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Pot Culture

A total of 227 isolates of Helminthosporium sativum and 286 of Fusarium sp. (culmorum type) were obtained from the diseased crown tissue of wheat stubble in five fields located in the black soil belt of central Alberta, and an attempt was made to determine their relative virulence on wheat seedlings and on mature plants. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, with a range of soil temperature. Sterilized, artificially infested soil in open pot culture was used. The results indicated that the Helminthosporium isolates were as a rule moderately to weakly pathogenic, and that most of the Fusarium isolates were only weakly pathogenic to wheat plants in the seedling stage. Some isolates of each pathogen exhibited extreme virulence, but judging from the results on seedling plants, virulent strains were rather rare in the fields studied. On mature plants both fungi showed about equal degrees of virulence, which was on the whole weak, and the results were not considered significant for the purpose of the study. More isolates of the greater degrees of virulence were obtained from certain fields than from others. In view of the great susceptibility of seedling plants in sterilized re-infested soil and the variable results, presumably caused by association effects of contaminants of the soil in open pot culture, it was concluded that the object of the study could not be attained by means of data based on the seedling stage, or by the technique employed. The possibility of significant results being secured in sterilized re-infested soil, protected from contamination, and based only on mature plants, is discussed in relation to the root rot problem.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽  
Maria Batool ◽  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Zongkai Wang ◽  
Ahmed Khatab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
A Hannan ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

scholarly journals Physiological Evaluation of Different Rice Genotypes to Two Salinity Level during Seedling Stage under Hydroponic System

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
S. Lakshmi ◽  
V. Ravichandran ◽  
L. Arul ◽  
K. Krishna Surendar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Hydroponics study was conducted to screen eight rice genotypes (CO 51, ADT 53, ADT 37, IR 64, CO 43, ASD 16, Pokkali; TRY 3) under salinity stress on early seedling stage. Two Saline treatments (75 and 100 mM NaCl) were given at 15 days old seedling; observations were recorded at 10 days after salt stress. Results showed that shoot length, root length, total fresh and dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and root- shoot ratio were reduced under saline conditions compared to control. Na+ ion Concentration and Na+/ k+ ratio was higher in saline treatments than control. However, K+ ion absorption decreased with increasing salinity level. Electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential had increasing trend with increasing level of salinity. In this study, rice genotypes Pokkali, TRY 3 and CO 43 perform as tolerant; CO 51, ADT 53 and ASD 16 perform as moderately tolerant; ADT 37 is susceptible and IR 64 is highly susceptible. This type of study is required to develop salt tolerant genotypes at salt stress during seedling stage; to increase the growth and yield of rice there by satisfy the need of country’s requirement.

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