EFFECT OF α-TOCOPHEROL SUPPLEMENTATION TO DAIRY COWS ON MILK AND PLASMA α-TOCOPHEROL CONCENTRATIONS AND ON SPONTANEOUS OXIDIZED FLAVOR IN MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-MARIE ST-LAURENT ◽  
J.W.G. NICHOLSON ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
M. SNODDON
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Spontaneous Oxidation ◽  
Key Words Spontaneous

An α-tocopherol supplementation study was conducted with 12 Holstein cows, assigned to one of three dietary α-tocopherol levels, 0, 700, and 3000 IU cow−1 d−1, as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate. Cows were fed a basal diet of alfalfa silage and a barley-corn-soybean meal grain mix. The study consisted of a pretreatment (wk 0), a treatment (wk 1 to 5) and a posttreatment phase (wk 6 and 7). Peak milk α-tocopherol levels were observed at wk 1 for the 700 IU group and at wk 2 (P < 0.05) for the 3000 IU group. During wk 2 to 5 milk α-tocopherol concentrations were highest for the 3000 IU group and peaked at 22.0 μg g−1 lipid; plasma α-tocopherol levels increased by 0.7 and 1.3 μg mL−1 for the 700 and 3000 IU groups. By the end of the posttreatment phase, milk α-tocopherol concentrations had returned to wk 0 levels. A field study was conducted of four herds (142 cows) with a chronic spontaneous oxidized flavor (SOF) milk problem. The herds were fed α-tocopherol at 0, 700 and 3000 IU cow−1 d−1 in a changeover design of 2-wk periods followed by access to spring pasture for 4-wk. Milk flavor improved when higher levels of α-tocopherol were fed and SOF was minimal when pasture was grazed. The percentage of cows in the herds producing SOF milk was 68, 61, 56, and 8 for the 0, 700 and 3000 IU d−1 treatments and pasture, respectively. α-Tocopherol levels were highest (P < 0.05) in milk for the 700 IU d−1 level of feeding and in plasma (P < 0.05) when pasture was consumed. Milk and plasma α-tocopherol levels did not correlate well with improved flavor scores. Key words: Spontaneous oxidation, milk, α-tocopherol, dairy cow, flavor, vitamin E

α-Tocopherol concentration and stereoisomer composition in plasma and milk from dairy cows fed natural or synthetic vitamin E around calving

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E Meglia ◽  
Søren K Jensen ◽  
Charlotte Lauridsen ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing dairy cows with 1000 IU/day of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SynAc), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatAc), or RRR-α-tocopherol (NatAlc), from approximately 3 weeks before estimated calving until 2 weeks after calving, on the concentration of α-tocopherol and its stereoisomers (RRR-, RSS-, RRS-, RSR- and the four 2S-forms of α-tocopherol) in blood and milk. An unsupplemented group was included as control. Blood samples were collected at 3, 2 and 1 weeks before estimated calving, at calving, and 3, 7 and 14 days after calving, while milk samples were taken twice within 24 h after calving and at 7 and 14 days in milk. Overall, time and treatment had significant effects on plasma α-tocopherol with higher concentrations in NatAc than in the other groups. In addition, SynAc had higher concentrations than Control, and NatAlc tended to be higher than Control. The lowest plasma concentrations were observed at calving and 3 days after calving. Independent of treatment, the concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk day 7 and 14 after calving. Analyses of the stereoisomer distribution in plasma and milk showed that, irrespective of dietary treatment, RRR-α-tocopherol was the most predominant form, constituting more than 86%, whereas the remaining part of α-tocopherol was made up by the three synthetic 2R isomers, while the 2S isomers only contributed less than 1% of the total α-tocopherol. In control cows and cows supplemented with natural vitamin E, the proportion of RRR-α-tocopherol in plasma and milk constituted more than 98% of the total α-tocopherol. In conclusion, the results indicate that daily oral supplementation of dairy cows with RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate gives the highest blood concentrations of α-tocopherol in the periparturient period. Analyses of the distribution of the individual stereoisomers of α-tocopherol further indicate that the bioavailability of RRR-α-tocopherol relative to synthetic stereoisomers in cattle is considerably higher than officially accepted until now.

Digestive utilization of minerals by weanling pigs fed copper- and phytase-supplemented diets

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Copper Supplementation

The digestive utilization of minerals in Cu- and phytase-supplemented diets by weanling pigs was investigated in an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Three levels of Cu (0, 60 and 120 mg kg−1 as CuSO4∙5H2O) and two levels of phytase activity (0 and 1500 units kg−1) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Seventy-two pigs (gilts:bar-rows, 1:1) with an average initial weight of 9.7 kg received the six diets for 21 d, after which 36 of the pigs were used in an 8-d mineral balance study. Phytase supplementation of diets increased serum P, Zn and Mg concentrations but reduced serum Cu concentration. The addition of Cu to the diets produced serum concentrations of minerals similar to Cu-unsupplemented diets. Absorption and retention of Ca and P were both slightly increased in pigs fed the phytase-supplemented diets compared with pigs fed diets that did not contain phytase. Addition of phytase to the diet that was not supplemented with Cu doubled (P < 0.1) Cu retention. Copper supplementation of diets did not affect absorption and retention of Ca, P, Zn, and Mg but increased absorption and retention of Cu and Mn. Results indicate that addition of phytase to P-supplemented and Cu-unsupplemented diets improves digestive utilization of P and Cu. Key words: Pigs, phytate, copper, phytase, minerals

scholarly journals Vitamin E and Selenium Decreased Cortisol in Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
P. Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Changes

AbstractTwenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (6 mg.kg−1) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg.kg−1) in a volume of 40 ml were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (P < 0.05) in blood α-tocopherol and selenium concentrations. The serum vitamin E increased several times ten hours after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration of 21.6 mg.l−1 at hour 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen ten hours after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison to initial ones during the whole study. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at one hour after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg.l−1, respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hours after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on serum cortisol (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that abdominal surgery resulted in typical stress changes with a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium.

VALEUR ALIMENTAIRE DE L'ENSILAGE DE MAIS-LUZERNE POUR L'ALIMENTATION DES BOUVILLONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-961
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
S. PAGE ◽  
G. LALANDE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Sixty-six Hereford steers were fed rations of corn silage, or corn silage plus 400 g∙head−1∙day−1 of soybean meal, or a mixture of corn and alfalfa silage (ratio 1:1 on a wet basis at ensiling). Alfalfa, when mixed with forage corn at ensiling, can be used as a protein supplement to replace a part of the soybean meal but corn silage alone may not be recommended. Key words: Ensilage, maïs-luzerne, bouvillons

CHOLINE, NIACIN AND THIAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF CANOLA AND SOYBEAN PROTEIN DIETS FED TO BROILERS TO 6 WK OF AGE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Diets

Diets containing canola and soybean meal as the only source of protein and containing no supplemental niacin, choline or thiamine were fed to male broiler chickens from 1 wk to 6 wk of age. Supplementation of the basal diet with various levels of the vitamins failed to significantly alter weight gain, gain:feed ratio or percent bone ash values. Examination of the birds for leg deformities and difficulty in walking showed no difference between the basal and the vitamin-supplemented diets. It was concluded that the three vitamins investigated would not be factors in problems arising from the substitution of canola for soybean meal in practical type broiler diets. Key words: Canola, soybean meal, vitamins, broilers

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing mid-lactation dairy cows with seaweed and vitamin E on plasma and milk α-tocopherol and antibody response to immunization

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KIDANE ◽  
I. L. NESHEIM ◽  
H. J. S. LARSEN ◽  
E. THUEN ◽  
S. K. JENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Adaptive Immune

SUMMARYThe objective of the current experiment was to compare the effects of supplementing mid-lactation dairy cows with all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SyntvE), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatvE) or seaweed meal (Seaweed) in the presence of a Control group (no supplemental vitamin E or seaweed) on the concentration of α-tocopherol in plasma and milk, and antibody response following immunization. The hypothesis was that supplementation of dairy cows with vitamin E, regardless of its form, would increase plasma and milk α-tocopherol compared to the control diet and this incremental response would be bigger with NatvE than SyntvE. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that vitamin E, regardless of its form, will provide an improved adaptive immune response to immunization than the Control diet, and cows supplemented with Seaweed meal would produce better adaptive immune response following immunization than cows in the Control group. Twenty-four Norwegian Red (NR) dairy cows in their mid-lactation were allocated randomly to the four treatments in a replicated Latin square design. The cows were fed on a basal diet of silage and concentrate on top of which the experimental supplements were provided. Plasma and milk α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in NatvE and SyntvE groups than in the other two groups. The RRR-α-tocopherol stereoisomer was the predominant form (>0·86), in both plasma and milk, whereas the remaining part was largely made up of the other three 2R stereoisomers (RRS, RSR and RSS). In cows fed the Control, Seaweed and NatvE, the proportion of the RRR-α-tocopherol stereoisomer in plasma and milk constituted >0·97 of the total α-tocopherol. Mid-lactation NR dairy cows had higher than adequate levels of plasma α-tocopherol (9·99 mg/l) even when not supplemented with external source of vitamin E, suggesting that with a good quality silage these cows may not be at risk of vitamin E deficiency. Furthermore, the present study shows that dairy cows in mid to late lactation have preferential uptake of RRR stereoisomer of α-tocopherol compared with other stereoisomers. All cows responded well to immunization with different antigens, but there were no significant group effects of the diet on the immune response measured.

EVALUATION OF FOUR ON-FARM PROGESTERONE TEST KITS AS AN AID TO REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
B. WONG ◽  
J. ROBINSON ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
On Farm

Four on-farm progesterone kits were evaluated for ease of use, color development and accuracy. No difference (P > 0.05) was found between kits in their ability to predict progesterone status but the accuracy of all kits varied with progesterone concentration. Tests were highly effective at low or high progesterone levels, but were of little predictive value for values between these extremes. Data suggest that on-farm progesterone tests are potentially useful management aids to confirm estrus, nonpregnancy and cyclicity. Key words: Progesterone, test kit, dairy cow

scholarly journals Beneficial and ineffective levels of selenium for growth and muscular dystrophy

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vitamine E

1. The effectiveness of supplementing a vitamin E-deficient basal diet with levels from 0 to 20 ppm of selenium as sodium selenite, alone and in combination with graded levels of L-cystine, sodium sulphate, L-serine and vitamine E, has been studied in chicks from 1 day of age to 4 weeks. Supplementation with Se at levels up to 1 ppm had maximum beneficial effects on growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy. Levels of Se above 1 ppm were progressively less effective, and, in chicks given supplements of 20 ppm Se, growth and muscular dystrophy were depressed to that found with chicks given the basal diet.2. Supplementation with L-cystine (0.08% and 0.16%) in combination with Se up to 1 ppm was beneficial, but this effect was progressively suppressed as the amount of Se was increased beyond this level. Supplementation with sodium sulphate (0.08% and 0.16%) or L-serine (0.08% and 0.16%) instead of L-cystine had no influence on the effectiveness of Se at any level of the latter tested.3. The effectiveness of dietary D-α-tocopheryl acetate, up to 20 mg/kg, for growth and in the prevention of muscular dystrophy was improved by Se at levels up to 1 ppm. Its effectiveness was then progressively reduced as the amount of Se was increased above 1 ppm.4. It appears that Se at low levels spares L-cystine and vitamin E in the chick, whereas at high levels it increases their requirement for growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy.

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