Yeast chromium and digestible lysine levels in finishing pigs subjected to high ambient temperatures

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of chromium yeast and digestible lysine levels on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Sixty-four barrows with an initial weight of 72.77 ± 7.20 kg and final weight of 119.44 ± 9.47 kg were used, distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two levels of chromium yeast (Cr0: 0 ppb and Cr800: 800 ppb) and two levels of digestible lysine (L0: recommended level and L+10%: 10%). The recorded air temperature of 30.9 ± 3.7 ºC during the experimental period was considered as heat stress. Performance variables were not influenced (P>0.05); however, L+10% showed an increase (P<0.05) in daily digestible lysine intake. Carcass characteristics of the animals were not influenced (P>0.05) by the chromium or digestible lysine levels. Supplementation with 800 ppb of yeast chromium and a 10% increase in the level of digestible lysine, isolated or associated, did not improve the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs, subjected to high ambient temperatures.

Weight and configuration optimization of the launcher pod using finite element analysis

This paper deals with the stress analysis of the launcher pod based on optimization of its configuration and weight without compromising its strength and stiffness. The launcher pod assembly is a complex fabricated structure, which is subjected to a variety of dynamic loads during firing of rockets. A series of finite element simulations reveal the critical location of the pod for different loading conditions based on the stress magnitude, which helps to optimize its weight and configuration of the launcher pod. It has been observed that the optimized weight of the given launcher pod after modification of materials and configuration, with the provided materials, loading, and boundary conditions, is reduced by 36.27% (without launcher tubes and rockets) against the initial weight of the launcher pod.

Comparisons between intake values observed and predicted by nutritional systems for confined nellore cattle

This study compared the dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore heifers and bulls in the feedlot, predicted by the BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) and NRC (2000) nutritional systems. Hence, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. The first one used 47 Nellore bulls, not castrated, with an average initial weight of 413 kg, and 19 months of age. The second experiment used 24 Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 300 kg and 23 months of age. The accuracy and approximation of the DMI estimates by the nutritional systems were adjusted with the simple linear regression model and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). The DMI was 8.06 kg day-1 for Nellore heifers and 11.54 kg day-1 for bulls, which are higher than the values ​​ predicted by the nutritional systems. The NRC (2000) and BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) underestimated DMI in 20.84, 20.09, and 19.35% for heifers and 28.07, 16.20, and 11.78% for bulls, respectively. It was concluded that the BR-Corte 2010 and 2016 were the most suitable models to estimate the DMI of Nellore heifers and bulls for higher precision and accuracy.

Penerapan Metode AHP dan OCRA dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menentukan Santri Berprestasi

The selection of outstanding students is an appreciation given by the boarding school to the students who have the highest scores. However, the election is usually still done subjectively and manually, and there is no support system in creating decisions, which make the selection process long and inaccurate. This study aims to implement a decision support system in determining outstanding students at Mamba'ussholihin Islamic Boarding School predetermined with criteria. The process of selecting uses the method Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for weighting criteria and Operational Competitiveness Rating Analysis (OCRA) for ranking. The OCRA value obtained is in the form of Pi, which is ranked to get the best students. The findings show that the error consistency level is less than 10% and the consistency index value is accepted, so that it can be used as an initial weight with a relative number = 1. After calculating the OCRA method from the initial 75 alternative data, the top 10 alternative data obtained are in the form of the value of Pi will be entitled to an award as an outstanding student, so by applying these two methods it can speed up the results of the decision, it does not take a long time and the results obtained are also precise.

Growth Performance Characteristics of Cockerel Chicken Fed Diets containing Ginger Rhizome and Garlic Bulb powder

The use of antibiotics in poultry production has raised global concern due to health risk associated with its residues in poultry products. A study was conducted to assess the growth performance characteristics of cockerel fed ginger and garlic based diets for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 180 day old Isa white cockerels were randomly allotted to 4 experimental treatment diets. Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times with 15 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet one had 0% ginger rhizome and garlic bulb powder (T1), diet 2 had 2% ginger rhizome powder (T2), diet 3 had 2% garlic bulb powder (T3) while diet 4 had 2% mixture (1:1) of ginger rhizome powder and garlic bulb powder (T4). The weights were measured and weight gain calculated on weekly basis. In addition, the feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured and calculated on weekly basis. At starter phase, average initial weight, average final weight, average weekly feed intake and average daily feed intake were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. However, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P<0.05) highest (2.09) among birds placed on T2 while the lowest mean value of 1.30 was recorded in T3. At finisher phase, the average initial weight, average weekly feed intake, average daily feed intake and FCR were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the experimental diets. However, birds fed T4 had the highest (P<0.05) mean value of average final live weight (1796.67g) while the least value (1553.33g) was obtained in birds fed T3. The average daily weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) highest 37.14 g T2. It was concluded that ginger and garlic powder can be used successfully in cockerel diets at 2 % level of inclusion to enhance growth performance characteristics especially at finisher phase.

Optimal Predictive Control Method of PWM Rectifiers Based on Artificial Intelligence

Direct power control (DPC) of pulse width modulation (PWM) is often used to control the instantaneous power of rectifiers. The instantaneous power contains both grid voltage and current information, and its value is not affected by coordinate transformation. It is constant in steady state and reflects the DC control characteristics. However, the switching frequency of traditional DPC is not fixed, the DC voltage has static error, and the system fluctuates greatly. In this work, we introduce the concept of stator flux of the AC motor into the PWM rectifier. Combined with the space vector PWM (SVPWM) technology, we use the virtual flux estimation method to obtain the instantaneous power value, which saves the grid voltage sensor, eliminates the static difference of DC voltage. Furthermore, considering that the neural proportion integral differential (PID) control depends heavily on the initial weight coefficient of the network, we use chaos particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm, which combines the basic PSO algorithm and chaos theory to optimize the initial weight coefficient of neural PID control. In the experiment, the results prove that the performance of the controller can be effectively improved.

Application of Toddler Biscuits which Meets Omega 3 and Omega 6 Standards

Biscuits are additional food for toddlers. Biscuits on the market are biscuits that contain trans fatty acids which are less safe for toddlers to consume. Because it is necessary to create biscuits that are safe for toddlers to consume by adding fish oil in their manufacture, then biscuits can be given to children who are malnourished. Applications for biscuits are 50 grams/day for children whose body weight is less than WHO standards, 40 grams/day for children whose body weight is less than WHO standards, and 30 grams/day for children whose body weight is according to WHO standards. Every week (for 8 weeks) a toddler’s body weight is measured, as well as observing motor, cognitive, language and social emotional development. Based on the initial weight of the child without the addition of biscuits, it is known 33.3% have a normal weight gain and 66.3% have a late weight gain. After biscuit administration, it was found that weight gain was in a better direction, with 87.4% having a normal weight according to their age and the remaining 13.6% still having late weight development, children whose initial weight was very less than WHO standards. Weight gain is greatly influenced by the number of biscuits given to toddlers. So anatomically, growth will occur in a child’s body structure that increases proportionately with age. A lack of initial body weight will hinder the rate of weight gain of the child, can directly inhibit the growth of the child, as a result the proportion of the body structure of the child is not following their age which in the end it will have implications for other developments. Growth that occurs will affect the development of gross motor and fine motor skills, cognitive, language, and social-emotional toddlers.

Researching the change in the weight of split oak firewood due to different drying methods

In this paper, the influences of stacking methods and drying places of split oak firewood in winter conditions (Quercus cerris) have been experimentally and theoretically investigated, due to the great importance of use in heating with such wood. The research was conducted on a sample of 48 pieces of logs with bark made of freshly cut oak. The logs were obtained by mechanized technology with the help of grafting by a hydraulic splitter and a chainsaw. Each log was measured for a research length of 0.30 m, marked with numbers 1-24. On each log, the weight was measured on a scale of 5 kg with an accuracy of 0.5 grams. Drying of logs was performed in two places. The first drying place was in outdoor conditions, sheltered from the snow and ventilated. The second place was indoors, at approximately constant room temperature. The logs were stacked in a crossed way for better air circulation. They were dried between 15/12/2020 and 15/02/2021, a total of 62 days. The average initial weight of logs dried in the facility was 1130.3 g, in the dried state the average weight was 952.87 g, which represented 84.3% of the original weight. The average initial weight of logs dried in outdoor conditions was 1192.125 g, in the dried state 1076.37 g, which represented 90.29% of the original weight. The average initial water content in the logs dried in the facility was 37.9%, in the dried state it was 27.5%. For logs dried in outdoor conditions, the average initial amount of water was 36.6%, in the dried state the average amount of water was 31.2%.

Growth rate of Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated in horizontal net and vertical net

Eucheuma denticulatum is one of the most widely cultivated macroalga commodities. This commodity produces carrageenan iota as raw material for various industries. This study aims to compare the growth rate of E. denticulatum cultivated by the horizontal net (Horinet) and vertical net (Vertinet) methods. This research was conducted in September-December 2019 and located in Lakeba waters, Bau-Bau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results showed that the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed cultivated with Horinet and Vertinet was significantly different. The growth of the thallus at an initial weight of 20 g developed to 67 g and 112.5 g as viewed with a horinet and vertnet, respectively. The specific growth rates of these two methods were 5.01 and 6.59%/day using vertinet and horinet, respectively. Based on the results of the t-test showed that the use of the two methods were significantly different by 0.46 and 0.36 (P<0.05) on the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed. Both of these methods can be used to cultivate seaweed with good results. However, these two methods have differences in the growth results obtained.

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Turmeric Root Powder and Carnation Flowers to The Diet on Some Blood and Microorganisms Traits of Broilers Under Heat Stress Condition

The current study was carried out on a poultry farm which belongs to the Animal production department - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa, for a period of 35 days started from October 10 to November 13, 2020 for 5 weeks to find out the effect of adding different levels of turmeric root powder and carnation flowers to the diet on some productive traits of broilers. in the experiment, 360 broiler chicks were used, one-day-old Ross-308 hybrid, The chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatments (60 chicks/treatment) by 3 replicates per treatment, with 20 chicks for each with an average initial weight of 40gm and the treatments were as follows: 0, 3, and 5 gm/kg diet of turmeric root powder for treatments T0, T1, T2, as well as 3 and 5 gm/kg diet fodder of carnation flower powder for treatments T3 and T4, respectively.