EFFECT OF THE STRESS OF INJECTIONS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF CORTISOL, PROLACTIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE IN GILTS AND LACTATING SOWS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
D. PETITCLERC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Stimulation Of

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of saline on serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone in cycling gilts and lactating sows. In exp. 1, five crossbred cycling gilts were given one subcutaneous injection and blood was sampled during the preceding and following four hours. In exp. 2, blood samples were taken from six purebred lactating sows on a control day and on a day when they were injected with saline in a latin square design. Serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone were monitored in exps. 1 and 2. In exp. 3, 11 purebred primiparous sows received subcutaneous injections twice daily from 5 to 25 d postpartum. Blood samples were collected for cortisol assay on days 5, 15 and 25. Serum cortisol concentrations increased significantly after saline injection in the three experiments, confirming that injections cause a stimulation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis in cycling gilts and lactating sows. When additional stressors such as handling and physical restraint were imposed prior to the injection, a release of prolactin and growth hormone was also observed in cycling gilts. The serum cortisol profiles of lactating sows repeatedly injected showed that their cortisol response to subcutaneous injections attenuated over days. Furthermore, these data indicate that the animals became readily acclimated to blood collection from a catheter within the first day of sampling. Key words: Cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, stress, gilts, lactating sows

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GRF AND TRF ON SERUM CORTISOL IN LACTATING SOWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
P. DUBREUIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Two experiments were conducted with 51 primiparous sows to determine the effects of stage of lactation and treatment with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) on serum cortisol concentrations and pulse profiles. Animals were injected with either saline, GRF (20 μg kg−1 in both experiments), TRF (1 μg kg−1 and 9 μg kg−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively) or GRF-TRF (administered in combination at the levels mentioned above). Peptides were given subcutaneously twice daily between days 5 and 25 postpartum. In exp. 1, mean cortisol levels were higher on day 5 than on subsequent sampling days due to higher peak amplitudes. This result is discussed with respect to stress. Mean serum cortisol concentrations did not vary significantly between days 5, 15 and 25 of lactation in exp. 2. No evidence of a morning peak and late afternoon low was observed in cortisol secretion of sows during lactation. Finally, none of the hypothalamic factor treatments altered the basal serum concentrations or the peak amplitudes of cortisol. However, in exp. 2, the frequency of cortisol peaks was lower for the GRF- and TRF-treated sows than for the control and GRF-TRF sows. Key words: Cortisol, GRF, TRF, lactation, sows

Multiple crossfostering: effects on prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in lactating sows

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Lactating Sows

Crossfosterings of three piglets were done on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 of lactation in seven litters. On day 3 of lactation, serum cortisol increased in sows during piglet isolation when compared to before (P = 0.02) or after (P = 0.08) adoption, while GH and prolactin were not affected by isolation (P > 0.1). Mean or maximal values of all hormones were not different after than before adoption (P > 0.1). Key words: Sows, lactation, crossfostering, prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, nursing

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT ON THYROID FUNCTION IN SWINE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
To Receive

Twelve castrated male pigs of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were selected at 95.9 ± 1.6 kg body weight (BW) and allocated equally to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) at 90 μg kg−1 BW or vehicle buffer for four consecutive days. Following the last pGH injection, the pigs were infused via indwelling vena caval cannulae with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at 0.5 μg kg−1 BW. Blood samples were obtained at 10 and 0 min before TRH and thereafter at 10-min intervals for 90 min. Serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyrotropin were lower (P < 0.06 and P < 0.1, respectively) but those of triiodothyronine higher (P < 0.01) in pGH-treated pigs throughout the sampling period. There were no significant treatment-by-time interactions indicating that the thyroid response to TRH was not influenced by pGH treatment. Key words: Swine, thyroid, growth hormone, somatotropin

scholarly journals Comparative Risk of Human Injury/Exposure While Collecting Blood from Sedated and Unsedated Nonhuman Primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E Hotchkiss ◽  
Melinda A Young
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Injury

Collection of blood samples for research or clinical evaluation is one of the most common procedures performed in nonhuman primates. Several possible methods can be used to obtain samples. In the early days of primate research, manual or physical restraint was used, which was stressful for the animal and risky for the human. As the field developed, chemical immobilization with ketamine or other anesthetics has become the most commonly used method. More recently, training using positive reinforcement has allowed collection of blood samples from unsedated primates that are unrestrained or minimallyrestrained. Elimination of anesthesia reduces risks to the animal. We wanted to determine whether the risks to humans were different between the sedated or unsedated blood collection. We evaluated injury and near-miss reports in conjunction with blood collection data from 2009 to 2019 at the Washington National Primate Research Center, which houses macaques (M. nemestrina, M. mulatta, and M. fasicularis) and squirrel monkeys (S. sciureus), and has housed baboons (Papio sp.) in the past. Injuries associated with sedated blood collection included those occurring during the sedation procedure and recovery as well as those directly associated with blood collection. Injuries associated with unsedated blood collection included those which occurred both during animal training and during blood collection. Overall, 22 human injury exposures and 5 nearmisses were associated with 73,626 blood collection procedures. Based on these numbers, 0.026% of sedated blood collections and 0.116% of unsedated blood collections were associated with exposure incidents. In conclusion, our data indicate a very low risk of exposure associated with blood collection. In this data set, the risk was statistically higher for unsedated animals, but the low number of incidents and the variability in the methods of blood collection make the general applicability of this finding questionable.

EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR (1–44)NH2 ADMINISTRATION ON SOMATOTROPIN IN PIGS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. JOHNSON ◽  
M. T. COFFEY ◽  
K. L. ESBENSHADE ◽  
B. R. SCHRICKER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Increase

Two experiments were conducted to examine the dose response and optimum pattern of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of human growth hormone-releasing factor [hGRF (1–44)NH2]on serum somatotropin (ST) in barrows. In exp. 1, 10 barrows (79.9 ± 3.3 kg) were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square and blood samples were collected for 300 min from a single injection of hGRF. Injecting 0, 1, 10, 40 or 100 μg hGRF kg−1 resulted in dose related increase (P < 0.01) in peak concentrations of pST (3.93, 4.41, 10.61, 16.01 and 23.56 ng mL−1), and area under the ST response curve (AUC) (565.4, 546.2, 757.5, 1048.0 and 1314.0 ng min mL−1, respectively). The 40 μg kg−1 dose resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) peak pST and AUC than 0 or 1 μg hGRF kg−1. Peak concentration and AUC were greater (P < 0.05) for the 100 μg hGRF kg−1 dose compared with the 0, 1 and 10 μg hGRF kg−1 doses, but there was no difference between the 40 and 100 μg kg−1 doses. In exp. 2, eight barrows (85.4 ± 8.0 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to examine the relationship between pattern of hGRF administration and serum ST. Blood samples were collected −15, 0 and 15 min from initiation of administration and then hourly for 24 h. Treatments were designed to deliver 160 μg hGRF kg−1 every 24 h and were administered as 40 μg kg−1 injected four times daily, 80 μg kg−1 injected twice daily or by continuous s.c. infusion. There was no difference (P > 0.10) between treatments for peak ST concentration, AUC or area above the ST baseline. These data indicated a dose response to s.c. hGRF injections and ST in barrows. Further, ST response was not altered by the pattern of s.c. administration when barrows received 160 μg hGRF kg−1 daily by either 4 or 2 discrete injections or by continuous infusion. Key words: Swine, somatotropin, growth hormone-releasing factor

THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE ON ENDOCRINE STATUS AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN PREPUBERTAL GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Surge Height

Twenty-three prepubertal Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were allocated to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) or vehicle for 6 consecutive days. At the time of first pGH or buffer injection, all gilts received an injection of 500 IU PMSG. Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture at 0, 24 and 48 h then every 12 h until 96 h then every 8 h until 144 h. Samples were assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, glucose and LH. Treatment with pGH elevated (P < 0.01) serum concentrations of T3, insulin and glucose, and was associated with a reduced (P < 0.05) LH surge height. Fewer pGH-treated than vehicle-treated gilts ovulated (4/12 vs. 7/11), but the difference was not significant. Key words: Gilts, growth hormone, gonadotrophins, ovulation

Stimulation of release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a possible mechanism for induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
M. Volosin ◽  
M. E. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT In hypophysectomized rats on day 1 of dioestrus, as well as on day 4 of pseudopregnancy, α-MSH (continuous infusion of 1 μg/h) failed to maintain serum concentrations of progesterone. On the other hand, α-MSH did not modify the increase induced by ACTH (1 μg/μl as an infusion plus two additional daily injections of 30 μg/μl), prolactin (200 μg/0·2 ml at 12-h intervals) or GH (300 μg/0·2 ml twice daily) on serum concentrations of progesterone in such rats. However, in intact rats α-MSH caused a significant rise in serum concentrations of GH on day 1 and day 2 of dioestrus. Continuous infusion of α-MSH produced an increase in serum concentrations of GH at 12.00 and 14.00 h on day 1 of dioestrus and at 07.00 h on day 2. It is therefore suggested that α-MSH may exert its effect by facilitating the secretion of GH, which in turn may induce the release of progesterone. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 465–470

scholarly journals Hormonal response to dietary L-arginine supplementation in heat-stressed sows

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pérez Laspiur ◽  
C. Farmer ◽  
B. J. Kerr ◽  
A. Zanella ◽  
N. L. Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Hormonal Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

The response of key metabolic hormones to dietary arginine supplementation in heat-stressed lactating sows was determined. Sixty-three sows were exposed to a thermoneutral (TN = 20°C) or hot (HT = 29.4°C) environmental temperature, and were fed diets containing 0.96% (control, C), 1.34% (medium, ME) or 1.73% (high, HI) arginine. Blood samples were obtained 2 h postprandially on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation and concentrations of insulin, glucose, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin were determined. Arginine supplementation increased insulin concentrations (P < 0.01) on day 14 of lactation, had no effect (P > 0.1) on glucose, and decreased (P < 0.05) GH with ME compared with C diets. There was a temperature × diet interaction (P < 0.05) for prolactin, with values being greater for the C compared with the ME and HI diets at 29.4°C, but being lower at 20°C.There was no effect (P > 0.1) of temperature alone on any of the measured variables. Results indicate that arginine supplementation may mediate improvements in nutrient utilization by regulating the metabolism of both insulin and GH in lactating sows. Key words: Arginine, growth hormone, heat stress, insulin, lactation, prolactin, sow

Growth hormone dependent human serum stimulation of thymidine and sulphate incorporation into embryonic chicken cartilage

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-488
Author(s):  
John Jennings ◽  
Fred Buchanan ◽  
Lynne Levitsky ◽  
John T. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Stimulation ◽  
Embryonic Chicken ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. The embryonic chicken cartilage somatomedin bioassay was modified so that human serum stimulation of simultaneous [3H]methylthymidine and H2[35S]04 incorporation could be assessed. The assay consisted of a 6 h pre-incubation of 10 day pelvic rudiments in enriched buffer, followed by a 24 h incubation with buffer and low (0.5, 2 and 5% v/v) serum concentrations. Both labels were present for the final 6 h. Other modifications were shortening of washing, elimination of drying and weighing, and simplification of digestion. Normal human serum produced a linear log dose-response with these serum concentrations. Potency ratios in patients with GH deficiency were less than those of normal adults for both thymidine 0.39 ± 0.05 (mean ± sem, n = 16, range 0.22-0.71) vs. 0.90 ± 0.05 (n = 19, 0.62—1.36, P< 0.001) and for sulphate 0.40 ± 0.04 (0.15—0.65) vs. 94 ± 0.05 (0.61—1.29, P< 0.001). Potency ratios for both labels rose following administration of a single dose (0.2 IU/kg im) of hGH to 4 GH deficient children. The reliability of prediction of GH deficiency, reproducibility, and precision were similar to other Sm bioassays. The major advantages of these modifications were the ability to examine 2 cartilage metabolic processes simultaneously and the small amount of serum (350 μl) necessary for patient assays.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Farrowing and Rearing Systems on Post-Weaning Stress in Piglets

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Anita Lange ◽  
Maria Gentz ◽  
Michael Hahne ◽  
Christian Lambertz ◽  
Matthias Gauly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Weaning Piglets

This study aimed to investigate how farrowing and rearing systems affect skin lesions, serum cortisol, and aggressive behavior as indicators for weaning stress of piglets. Between May 2016 and March 2018, in total 3144 weaning piglets from three different farrowing systems were examined: farrowing crates (FC), single-housing free-farrowing pens (FF), and group-housing of lactating sows and litters (GH). After weaning and regrouping, piglets were relocated to conventional rearing pens (conv; 5.7 m2) or to wean-to-finish pens (w-f; 12.4 m2). Skin lesions were scored 24 h after weaning. Blood samples were taken one week before and 24 h after weaning to analyze the individual difference in serum cortisol. Behavior was observed for 24 h after relocation. Animals raised in FC and FF had significantly more skin lesions than that of GH animals. Piglets born in GH showed lower cortisol differences and fought less and for shorter periods compared to FC and FF piglets. Piglets weaned to w-f pens showed greater cortisol changes and fought significantly longer than piglets in conv pens. Group housing during the suckling period reduced weaning stress for piglets in terms of skin lesions, serum cortisol, and aggressive behavior. Greater space allowance (w-f vs. conv) was not beneficial with regard to the investigated parameters.

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