scholarly journals Hormonal response to dietary L-arginine supplementation in heat-stressed sows

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pérez Laspiur ◽  
C. Farmer ◽  
B. J. Kerr ◽  
A. Zanella ◽  
N. L. Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Hormonal Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

The response of key metabolic hormones to dietary arginine supplementation in heat-stressed lactating sows was determined. Sixty-three sows were exposed to a thermoneutral (TN = 20°C) or hot (HT = 29.4°C) environmental temperature, and were fed diets containing 0.96% (control, C), 1.34% (medium, ME) or 1.73% (high, HI) arginine. Blood samples were obtained 2 h postprandially on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation and concentrations of insulin, glucose, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin were determined. Arginine supplementation increased insulin concentrations (P < 0.01) on day 14 of lactation, had no effect (P > 0.1) on glucose, and decreased (P < 0.05) GH with ME compared with C diets. There was a temperature × diet interaction (P < 0.05) for prolactin, with values being greater for the C compared with the ME and HI diets at 29.4°C, but being lower at 20°C.There was no effect (P > 0.1) of temperature alone on any of the measured variables. Results indicate that arginine supplementation may mediate improvements in nutrient utilization by regulating the metabolism of both insulin and GH in lactating sows. Key words: Arginine, growth hormone, heat stress, insulin, lactation, prolactin, sow

Multiple crossfostering: effects on prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in lactating sows

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Lactating Sows

Crossfosterings of three piglets were done on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 of lactation in seven litters. On day 3 of lactation, serum cortisol increased in sows during piglet isolation when compared to before (P = 0.02) or after (P = 0.08) adoption, while GH and prolactin were not affected by isolation (P > 0.1). Mean or maximal values of all hormones were not different after than before adoption (P > 0.1). Key words: Sows, lactation, crossfostering, prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, nursing

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT ON THYROID FUNCTION IN SWINE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
To Receive

Twelve castrated male pigs of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were selected at 95.9 ± 1.6 kg body weight (BW) and allocated equally to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) at 90 μg kg−1 BW or vehicle buffer for four consecutive days. Following the last pGH injection, the pigs were infused via indwelling vena caval cannulae with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at 0.5 μg kg−1 BW. Blood samples were obtained at 10 and 0 min before TRH and thereafter at 10-min intervals for 90 min. Serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyrotropin were lower (P < 0.06 and P < 0.1, respectively) but those of triiodothyronine higher (P < 0.01) in pGH-treated pigs throughout the sampling period. There were no significant treatment-by-time interactions indicating that the thyroid response to TRH was not influenced by pGH treatment. Key words: Swine, thyroid, growth hormone, somatotropin

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GRF AND TRF ON SERUM CORTISOL IN LACTATING SOWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
P. DUBREUIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Two experiments were conducted with 51 primiparous sows to determine the effects of stage of lactation and treatment with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) on serum cortisol concentrations and pulse profiles. Animals were injected with either saline, GRF (20 μg kg−1 in both experiments), TRF (1 μg kg−1 and 9 μg kg−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively) or GRF-TRF (administered in combination at the levels mentioned above). Peptides were given subcutaneously twice daily between days 5 and 25 postpartum. In exp. 1, mean cortisol levels were higher on day 5 than on subsequent sampling days due to higher peak amplitudes. This result is discussed with respect to stress. Mean serum cortisol concentrations did not vary significantly between days 5, 15 and 25 of lactation in exp. 2. No evidence of a morning peak and late afternoon low was observed in cortisol secretion of sows during lactation. Finally, none of the hypothalamic factor treatments altered the basal serum concentrations or the peak amplitudes of cortisol. However, in exp. 2, the frequency of cortisol peaks was lower for the GRF- and TRF-treated sows than for the control and GRF-TRF sows. Key words: Cortisol, GRF, TRF, lactation, sows

Effect of environmental temperature on ruminal activity and blood urea of Merino sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
A. R. Abou Akkada ◽  
M. A. El Ashray ◽  
O. Shethata ◽  
R. M. Yousri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Merino Sheep

SUMMARYEight Merino wethers were used in an experiment designed to study the effect of heat stress on ruminal activity and blood urea of sheep newly introduced to Egypt. The sheep were exposed to 15° and 35°Cin aclimatic chamberwith controlled temperature and humidity. The animals were divided into two groups; the first received 100% of the TDN daily requirement and the second was given 125% of the recommended TDN. Rumen and blood samples were obtained from the animals before and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hr after feeding.VFA concentrations in the rumen were higher in sheep fed on rations of high energy content. The levels of VFA at the low temperature were greater than at the high temperature. Ruminal ammonia and blood urea N concentrations in sheep maintained at the low temperature (15°C) were higher than those of the same animals when kept at the high temperature (35°C). This trend was more obvious at high levels of energy intake. It is suggested that the significant changes in rumen VFA, ammonia N and blood urea N in Merino sheep maintained under hot conditions can be considered as adjustments to changes in nutritional requirements in response to high environmental temperature.

THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE ON ENDOCRINE STATUS AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN PREPUBERTAL GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Surge Height

Twenty-three prepubertal Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were allocated to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) or vehicle for 6 consecutive days. At the time of first pGH or buffer injection, all gilts received an injection of 500 IU PMSG. Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture at 0, 24 and 48 h then every 12 h until 96 h then every 8 h until 144 h. Samples were assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, glucose and LH. Treatment with pGH elevated (P < 0.01) serum concentrations of T3, insulin and glucose, and was associated with a reduced (P < 0.05) LH surge height. Fewer pGH-treated than vehicle-treated gilts ovulated (4/12 vs. 7/11), but the difference was not significant. Key words: Gilts, growth hormone, gonadotrophins, ovulation

EFFECT OF THE STRESS OF INJECTIONS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF CORTISOL, PROLACTIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE IN GILTS AND LACTATING SOWS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
D. PETITCLERC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Stimulation Of

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of saline on serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone in cycling gilts and lactating sows. In exp. 1, five crossbred cycling gilts were given one subcutaneous injection and blood was sampled during the preceding and following four hours. In exp. 2, blood samples were taken from six purebred lactating sows on a control day and on a day when they were injected with saline in a latin square design. Serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone were monitored in exps. 1 and 2. In exp. 3, 11 purebred primiparous sows received subcutaneous injections twice daily from 5 to 25 d postpartum. Blood samples were collected for cortisol assay on days 5, 15 and 25. Serum cortisol concentrations increased significantly after saline injection in the three experiments, confirming that injections cause a stimulation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis in cycling gilts and lactating sows. When additional stressors such as handling and physical restraint were imposed prior to the injection, a release of prolactin and growth hormone was also observed in cycling gilts. The serum cortisol profiles of lactating sows repeatedly injected showed that their cortisol response to subcutaneous injections attenuated over days. Furthermore, these data indicate that the animals became readily acclimated to blood collection from a catheter within the first day of sampling. Key words: Cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, stress, gilts, lactating sows

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

scholarly journals Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
M H Reese ◽  
E S Buchanan ◽  
J E Tallaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P &lt; 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P &lt; 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P &lt; 0.0001), standing (P &lt; 0.001), and sitting (P &lt; 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P &lt; 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

scholarly journals PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Yunhui Zhu ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P &gt;0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P &gt;0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P &gt;0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P&lt; 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P&lt; 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P&lt; 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P&lt; 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P&lt; 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

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