NUTRITIONAL AND MONETARY EVALUATION OF DAMAGED LENTILS FOR GROWING PIGS AND EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Lentils (Lens culinaris) damaged by frost and ascochyta blight were nutritionally evaluated in digestibility and feeding trials with 23- to 100-kg specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs, using 0, 10, 20 and 30% dietary levels. Cross-treatments included carbadox and oxytetracycline antibiotic supplements and an antibiotic-free control diet. Neither average daily gain (ADG) nor feed:gain ratio (F:G) was affected by replacing equivalent amounts of 1:1 soybean meal:canola meal protein with lentil protein. Antibiotic supplements did not improve ADG and adversely affected F:G. ADG ranges for all diets were 0.76–0.78 kg for 23- to 57-kg pigs and 0.82–0.86 kg for 23- to 100-kg. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) in lentils was 72%, gross energy 78%, and non-CP gross energy 81%, indicating a possible trypsin inhibitor effect on CP digestibility. A monetary assessment of lentils based on a modified Petersen method, using barley and soybean meal for establishing the value of digestible CP and non-CP digestible energy, showed lentils to be worth from 10 to 50% more than good quality barley, depending on the CP content of the lentils and the relative monetary values of barley and soybean meal. Key words: Lentils, low quality, pigs, feeding value, digestibility, composition

GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS QUALITY RESPONSES OF PIGS FED FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW-GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) AS AFFECTED BY GRINDING, PELLETING AND AMMONIATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola seed (CS) having 20, 45 and 65% frost damage was fed at dietary levels up to 30% to 144 pigs of 23 ± 1 kg initial weight to determine the effects of processing on feeding value. In exp. 1, 10, 20 and 30% levels of each lot of CS were fed to barrows (M) and gilts (F) up to 100 kg liveweight. Average daily gain (ADG) increased with increasing frost damage (0.75, 0.77, 0.78 kg). Similarly, feed intake (FI) increased (2.19, 2.27 and 2.35 kg day−1). Feed-adjusted ADG were equal. ADG and FI were reduced at the 30% level in diet compared with 10%. A palatability effect is postulated. Glucosinolate levels declined with increasing frost damage. In exp. 2, 45% frost-damaged CS was fed at 30% of the diet to M and F pigs up to 57 kg liveweight to compare whole vs. ground CS, fed as meal or pellets. Grinding depressed FI but not ADG. Pelleting improved ADG but not FI. Both processes improved feed:gain ratio. In exp. 3, diets containing 45% frost-damaged, ground CS, with and without ammoniation (0.5% NH3), were compared with a control diet supplemented with soybean and canola meals by feeding to M and F pigs up to 100 kg liveweight. ADG and FI of pigs fed CS were below both the controls and pigs fed the ammoniated CS. Ammoniation had minor effects on amino acid and available lysine content but improved FI and ADG. Carcass index values were unaffected by either level or treatment of CS. Key words: Rapeseed, canola, processing, feeding trials, pigs, freezing

64 Total Replacement of Inorganic Phosphorus by a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-phytase Variant in Grower Pigs Fed Corn-soybean Meal-based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Deepak E Velayudhan ◽  
Marta Gracia ◽  
Leon Marchal ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Percentage Points

Abstract The efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to totally replace dietary inorganic phosphorus (Pi) was evaluated in grower pigs fed diets with reduced net energy (NE) and digestible amino acids (AA), using growth performance and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients as outcome measures. A total of 352 growing pigs (23.4 ± 1.3 kg) were randomized to 4 dietary treatments with 8 pigs/pen and 11 pens/treatment. Diets were corn, soybean meal, distiller’s dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings based, formulated by phase (Grower 1, 25 to 50 kg and Grower 2, 50 to 75 kg). The positive control (PC) diet provided adequate energy and nutrients. A negative control diet was formulated without Pi (0.12% STTD P) and reduced Ca (-0.12 to -0.13 percentage points), NE (-32 kcal/kg) and essential AA (-0.15 to 0.3 percentage points) vs. PC. The NC was supplemented with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and orthogonal polynomial were used for linear response to increasing PhyG. Nutrient reductions in the NC reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during both phases and overall, increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and tended to reduce (P < 0.1) feed intake during Grower 1 and overall, vs. PC. Supplementation of PhyG showed linear improvement (P < 0.05) in FCR during Grower 1 and ADG during Grower 2 and PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg maintained a similar growth performance compared to PC. Addition of PhyG improved (P < 0.001) ATTD P and tended to improve ATTD of DE (P < 0.1) in linear manner. In conclusion, the novel consensus phytase can replace Pi and compensate for the reduction of Ca, NE and digestible AA in grower pig diets with equal performance compared to the nutrients adequate positive control.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P < 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

Effects of Quillaja saponin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Xin Dang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Quillaja Saponin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin (QS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 50 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for a 56-day trial with 5 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (2 barrows and 3 gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments including control diet and control diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg QS. The average daily gain was significantly increased during days 0-56, while the fecal ammonia emission on day 56 and fecal coliform bacteria counts on day 28 were significantly decreased in pigs fed with QS containing diet. However, dietary supplementation of QS had no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg QS had beneficial effects on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Considering the carry-over effects, the adaption period should be at least 28 days when supplementing 200 mg/kg QS to the diet of growing pigs for improving the growth performance.

EVALUATION OF BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) IN DIETS OF GROWING PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was evaluated alone or with 25, 50, 75 or 100% replacement by wheat (W) or barley (B) in 16% protein diets fed to 72 crossbred pigs from 20 to 60 kg liveweight. Pigs were randomly alloted two per pen, within sex, and housed in confinement on partially slatted concrete floors. Daily feed consumption (1.89–2.27 kg/day), average daily gain (0.66–0.72 kg/day) and feed/gain (2.79–3.18) did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between treatments. At 50% replacement of the buckwheat (BW) more feed (P < 0.05) was consumed (2.22 kg/day) than at 25 or 100% replacement levels (1.99 and 1.92 kg/day, respectively). More DE was consumed per kilogram of gain (DE/gain) (P < 0.05) by wheat-fed pigs than by barley-fed pigs (40.0 vs. 38.2 MJ DE/kg, respectively). The 50% substitution of either grain (42.1 MJ/kg) resulted in more DE/gain (P < 0.05) than observed on the BW only diet (37.1 MJ/kg). Two 4 × 4 latin square designs, with eight pigs initially weighing 40 kg, were used for determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) in BW, W or B individually and in blends of BW and either W or B. Coefficients of digestibility for CP were 72.7%, 81.6% and 65.5% and for GE were 65.4%, 80.2% and 71.1% in BW, W and B, respectively. Blends of BW and W had digestibility coefficients for DM, CP and GE between the values determined for the grains individually but those determined for mixtures of BW and B were lower than expected based on coefficients determined for the grains individually. Buckwheat used contained 12% CP, 0.68% lysine, 12.3% acid detergent fiber on as fed basis and 9.6% digestible protein and 11.98 MJ of DE per kilogram dry matter. Key words: Buckwheat, pigs, digestibility, growth, mono-cereal diets

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FEEDING RAW MEAT OR SOYBEAN MEAL ON BLOOD COMPOSITION IN MINK (MUSTELA VISON)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
M. LEPAGE
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Twenty each of male and female Pastel mink were weaned and distributed into two similar groups so that the mean body weight was nearly the same for the two groups: one group received a control diet containing 80% raw meat mixture and the other, a diet containing 15% dehulled soybean meal (SBM), 3.5% soya oil and 29.8% raw meat mixture. Dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were nearly the same for the two diets; DM intake and weight gain over a 16-wk period were lower with the SBM as compared to the control diet. Packed cell volume, blood glucose, serum proteins and serum lipids were unaffected by the diet, but the SBM diet increased serum levels of urea, ammonia, glutamine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine (P <.01). Unsaturated fatty acids formed 62.8% by weight in the serum of the mink. Mink fed SBM had serum containing relatively more linoleic acid whereas the control diet raised oleic and arachidonic acids (P <.01). Serum proteins, total lipids and phospholipids were higher (P <.01) in the male and blood hemoglobin and glucose were higher (P <.01) in the female mink. Cholesterol and phospholipids were two times higher in mink as compared to cats or dogs.

scholarly journals Effects of Optimal Carbohydrase Mixtures on Nutrient Digestibility and Digestible Energy of Corn- and Wheat-Based Diets in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Shunfen Zhang ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Lixiang Gao ◽  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of optimal carbohydrase mixture (OCM) on macronutrients and amino acid digestibility and the digestible energy (DE) in growing pigs fed the corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSM) and the wheat-soybean meal-based diet (WSM). A total of 36 ileal-cannulated pigs (50.9 ± 4.9 kg initial body weight) were allotted to four dietary treatments randomly, which included CSM and WSM diets, and two diets supplied with corresponding OCM. These OCMs were screened using an in vitro method from our previous study. After the five day adaptation period, fecal samples were collected from d six to seven, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 8 and 10. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. The results show that the addition of OCM improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, carbohydrate (CHO), neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy (GE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CHO, and GE in CSM diet (p < 0.05), but reduced the apparent hindgut disappearance (AHD) of DM in CSM diet (p < 0.05). The ATTD of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and GE and the AHD of DM, CP, EE, ash, CHO, and GE in WSM diet were improved by the OCM addition (p < 0.05), whereas the AID of DM, CP, ash, CHO, and GE were decreased (p < 0.05). The respective DE contents in CSM and WSM diets were increased from 15.45 to 15.74 MJ/kg and 15.03 to 15.49 MJ/kg under the effects of OCM (p < 0.05). Similar to the trend of AID of CP, the OCM addition increased the AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Ile, Thr, and Cys in CSM diet, but decreased the AID and SID of Ile, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Pro, Ser, and Tyr in WSM diet. In conclusion, the OCMs screened by an in vitro method could improve the total tract nutrient digestibility and DE for pigs fed corn-based diet or wheat-based diet but had inconsistent effects on the ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy.

scholarly journals Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Cheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets containing toasted or non-toasted canola meal

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
R. W. Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Similar Weight

Eighty crossbred pigs (28.7 ± 3.9 kg BW) were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment (sex × treatment). The control diet was formulated using barley and soybean meal, while four experimental diets were formulated with either toasted or non-toasted canola meal replacing either half or all of the soybean meal in the test diets. The total glucosinolate content of the non-toasted meal was more than 15-fold higher than the to asted meal (1.01 vs. 15.58 µmol g-1). The principal glucosinolates in the non-toasted meal were 3-butenyl (3.05 µmol g-1), 2-OH-3-butenyl (5.47 µmol g-1) and 4-OH-3-methylindoyl (4.68 µmol g-1). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the toasted and non-toasted canola meal diets compared with the soybean meal diet. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients between the two canola meals. Digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diets in which canola meal supplied only 50% of the supplementary protein compared with diets in which 100% of the supplementary protein was supplied by canola meal. Pigs fed toasted canola meal had similar weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (P > 0.05) as pigs fed soybean meal while pigs fed non-toasted canola meal had lower weight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean meal. Feed conversion was unaffected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There were no significant effects (P < 0.05) due to diet on any carcass trait. The overall results of this experiment indicate that omitting the desolventization/toasting procedure from the process involved in the production of canola meal did not result in an improvement in the performance of pigs fed diets containing canola meal. Key words: Pigs, canola meal, performance, digestibility, carcass, toasting

scholarly journals 163 Xylanase and fermentable xylo-oligosaccharides improve performance in grower-finisher pigs fed a corn-soybean meal based diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cordero ◽  
Jae Cheol Kim ◽  
Natasha Whenham ◽  
Helen Masey-O’Neill ◽  
Saksit Srinongkote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Large White ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Average Body

Abstract Cecal inoculum collected from broilers fed a diet supplemented with xylanase showed increased gas production in an in vitro fermentation study with arabinoxylan-based substrates, indicating that intestinal microbiota can adapt to increase the capability to ferment arabinoxylans when pre-exposed to xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) produced by xylanase. As the most abundant non-starch polysaccharides in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is arabinoxylan, this study tested the hypothesis that a blend of a xylanase and XOS will improve growth performance of pigs compared with those fed a diet supplemented with xylanase alone. One hundred twenty male crossbred (Landrace x Large white x Duroc) pigs (77 days average age; 30 kg average body weight -BW) were allocated to one of three treatments: CTR (control diet), XYL (CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase [Econase XT, AB Vista]) and XYL+XOS [CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase and XOS (Signis, AB Vista)]. Each treatment had ten replicates, with 4 animals each. The control diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, DDGS and cassava meal as major ingredients. Pelleted diets were fed over 3 phases: grower (30–60 kg), finisher 1 (60–80 kg) and finisher 2 (80–100 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 30 to 100 kg and feed efficiency calculated (FCR). No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the XYL+XOS had increased ADG (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL+XOS= 1.086 g/pig/d; P = 0.02) compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL = 1.067 g/pig/d; P = 0.40). Feed efficiency was improved with XYL (2.65; P = 0.042) and XYL+XOS (2.60; P < 0.001) compared with CTR (2.71). These results suggest that xylanase in combination with XOS further improves daily gain and FCR compared with a xylanase alone. Interestingly the differences between XYL and XYL+XOS become more apparent in older animals, when the microbiome matures and possibly digests fiber more effectively.

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