scholarly journals Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Cheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals PSVII-2 Influence of source and concentration of phosphorus on apparent ileal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Aderibigbe ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract A study was conducted to examine the influence of source and concentration of phosphorus (P) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in growing pigs. Six diets were formulated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with soybean meal (SBM) or corn distillers’ dried grain with solubles (DDGS) as sole sources of dietary P, and concentration of P at 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 g/kg. Eighteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 40 ± 5 kg) were allotted to triplicate 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 6 diets and 3 periods, which consisted of 5 d adaption, 2 d fecal collection, and 2 d ileal digesta collection. The results indicated that AID of P was not different from ATTD of P in all diets (P = 0.45). The digestibility of P was affected by source of P (P &lt; 0.01), with mean of 33.7% in SBM and 50.3% in DDGS. The AID of P in SBM increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing P concentrations; however, there was no effect of increasing P concentrations on AID and ATTD of P in DDGS. Determined by regression analysis, true ileal digestibility of P was 58.3% or 57.6%, and true total tract digestibility of P was 56.0% or 62.6%, for SBM or DDGS respectively. The estimated ileal endogenous P loss was 0.61 or 0.13 g//kg DMI, and total tract endogenous P loss was 0.53 or 0.35 g/kg DMI, for SBM or DDGS respectively. In summary, source and concentration of dietary P affect the digestibility of P in growing pigs but there was no difference between AID and ATTD of P.

Effect of fermentation of soybean meal with varying protein solubility on ileal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Santi D. Upadhaya ◽  
Je-hoon Ryu ◽  
Kyung-il Kang ◽  
Seong-Jun Cho ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Apparent ileal digestibility and standardised ileal digestibility of energy, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids were evaluated in five cannulated [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)] barrows with an initial bodyweight of 27.1 ± 0.58 kg in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Pigs were fed unfermented soybean meal (USM) as control and fermented soybean meal A, B and C (FSMA, FSMB and FSMC, respectively), with 52.4%, 62.0% and 71.8% protein solubility, respectively, and a nitrogen-free diet. The nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was greater (P < 0.05) in FMSC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB compared with the control. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine was greater in all fermented soybean meal whereas that of lysine was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMC compared with USM. Likewise, the apparent ileal digestibility of aspartic acid and proline was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMA and FSMC. The standardised ileal digestibility of crude protein and lysine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB whereas the standardised ileal digestibility of isoleucine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMA, FSMB and FSMC compared with USM. In conclusion, fermentation of soybean meal showed better digestibility compared with USM regardless of its protein solubility values.

scholarly journals 136 Nutritive value of phytase- and multi-carbohydrase-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Dan Pettersson ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA) and net energy (NE) value of carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, the basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2g/kg, and a nitrogen-free diet. The multi-carbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to soybean meal and soybean oil in carinata meal- containing diets was identical to that in the corn-soybean meal based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a DM basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% CP, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% ADF, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase did not affect the SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase improved (P = 0.015) the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4, 9.5, and 12.4% respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for pigs to improve the energy value of the carinata meal.

Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal, blood meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.D.L. Navarro ◽  
J.K. Mathai ◽  
N.W. Jaworski ◽  
H.H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) by growing pigs was determined in blood meal and six sources of meat and bone meal (MBM). Eighteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 69.3 ± 4.4 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 9 incomplete Latin square design with four periods and nine diets, giving eight replications per diet. One diet included 33% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole source of AA. Seven diets contained 9% blood meal or 9% of one of the six sources of MBM and 22% SBM as the only AA containing ingredients. The last diet was a nitrogen (N) free diet. Results indicated that the SID of all AAs were different (P < 0.05) among the six sources of MBM, but the SID of lysine (Lys) could not be predicted from the ratio between Lys and crude protein. For some, but not all AAs, the average SID in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than in blood meal, but for most AAs the SID in MBM was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. It is concluded that, as is the case for most other co-products, differences in concentration and SID of AAs among sources of MBM exist.

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Seung Hyung Lee ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives were to determine the digestible energy and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and to determine growth performance (Exp. 2) of 2 sources of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the USA; 78.2% crude protein and 4,862 kcal gross energy/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% crude protein and 4,636 kcal gross energy/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (P &lt; 0.05), but less (P &lt; 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5.0% and 3.0%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 SDPP sources. In conclusion, SDPP 1 contains greater digestible energy but less AA digestibility compared with SDPP 2. Growth-promoting effects of both SDPP sources in nursery diets have been clearly demonstrated in this work.

scholarly journals PSI-12 Effect of a carbohydrase mixture on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Ahmed Aljuobori ◽  
C Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Gustavo A Mejicanos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Heat treatment could effectively decrease the antinutritional factors in soybean during meal processing. One such progress is the combination of extrusion with expelling, which produces the dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), and there is a great interest in exploring its utilization as a dietary ingredient for swine. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 30 ± 1.3 kg) were used to determine the ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of DESBM fed to growing pigs with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight observations per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the two batches of DESBM (DESBM-1 and DESBM-2) as the sole source of protein. All diets contained titanium dioxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Each experimental period lasted for seven days, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 6 and d 7. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA were calculated using published mean values to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS, and the final model had treatment, batch, and the interaction between treatment and batch as the main effects. In general, the SID of AA in DESBM-1 and DESBM-2 were not different, such as Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val, which averaged 88.97%, 89.77%, 89.08%, 84.38%, and 86.85% respectively. There were no effects of MC supplementation on AID and SID of AA digestibility in DESBM except for the AID of Trp (P &lt; 0.05). Also, there were no interaction effects of MC supplementation and batch on AA digestibility in DESBM. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not improve the AID and SID of AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P &lt; 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P &lt; 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P &lt; 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P &lt; 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

scholarly journals Effects of Optimal Carbohydrase Mixtures on Nutrient Digestibility and Digestible Energy of Corn- and Wheat-Based Diets in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Shunfen Zhang ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Lixiang Gao ◽  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of optimal carbohydrase mixture (OCM) on macronutrients and amino acid digestibility and the digestible energy (DE) in growing pigs fed the corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSM) and the wheat-soybean meal-based diet (WSM). A total of 36 ileal-cannulated pigs (50.9 ± 4.9 kg initial body weight) were allotted to four dietary treatments randomly, which included CSM and WSM diets, and two diets supplied with corresponding OCM. These OCMs were screened using an in vitro method from our previous study. After the five day adaptation period, fecal samples were collected from d six to seven, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 8 and 10. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. The results show that the addition of OCM improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, carbohydrate (CHO), neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy (GE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CHO, and GE in CSM diet (p < 0.05), but reduced the apparent hindgut disappearance (AHD) of DM in CSM diet (p < 0.05). The ATTD of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and GE and the AHD of DM, CP, EE, ash, CHO, and GE in WSM diet were improved by the OCM addition (p < 0.05), whereas the AID of DM, CP, ash, CHO, and GE were decreased (p < 0.05). The respective DE contents in CSM and WSM diets were increased from 15.45 to 15.74 MJ/kg and 15.03 to 15.49 MJ/kg under the effects of OCM (p < 0.05). Similar to the trend of AID of CP, the OCM addition increased the AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Ile, Thr, and Cys in CSM diet, but decreased the AID and SID of Ile, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Pro, Ser, and Tyr in WSM diet. In conclusion, the OCMs screened by an in vitro method could improve the total tract nutrient digestibility and DE for pigs fed corn-based diet or wheat-based diet but had inconsistent effects on the ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy.

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