GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS QUALITY RESPONSES OF PIGS FED FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW-GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) AS AFFECTED BY GRINDING, PELLETING AND AMMONIATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola seed (CS) having 20, 45 and 65% frost damage was fed at dietary levels up to 30% to 144 pigs of 23 ± 1 kg initial weight to determine the effects of processing on feeding value. In exp. 1, 10, 20 and 30% levels of each lot of CS were fed to barrows (M) and gilts (F) up to 100 kg liveweight. Average daily gain (ADG) increased with increasing frost damage (0.75, 0.77, 0.78 kg). Similarly, feed intake (FI) increased (2.19, 2.27 and 2.35 kg day−1). Feed-adjusted ADG were equal. ADG and FI were reduced at the 30% level in diet compared with 10%. A palatability effect is postulated. Glucosinolate levels declined with increasing frost damage. In exp. 2, 45% frost-damaged CS was fed at 30% of the diet to M and F pigs up to 57 kg liveweight to compare whole vs. ground CS, fed as meal or pellets. Grinding depressed FI but not ADG. Pelleting improved ADG but not FI. Both processes improved feed:gain ratio. In exp. 3, diets containing 45% frost-damaged, ground CS, with and without ammoniation (0.5% NH3), were compared with a control diet supplemented with soybean and canola meals by feeding to M and F pigs up to 100 kg liveweight. ADG and FI of pigs fed CS were below both the controls and pigs fed the ammoniated CS. Ammoniation had minor effects on amino acid and available lysine content but improved FI and ADG. Carcass index values were unaffected by either level or treatment of CS. Key words: Rapeseed, canola, processing, feeding trials, pigs, freezing

EFFECTS OF AMMONIATION OF CANOLA SEED CONTAMINATED WITH WILD MUSTARD SEED ON GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
C. S. DARROCH ◽  
D. I. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Ammoniation (NH3) of canola seed (CS) containing wild mustard seed (WMS) present as a contaminant resulted in reduction of CS glucosinolates but not of WMS hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate or lysine contents. Feeding diets containing 25% CS including 0, 3, 6 and 9% WMS to crossbred barrows from 23 to 57 kg had no effects on average daily gain (ADG) or daily feed intake (FI) but feed:gain ratio (FG) was poorer. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) was unaffected but thyroxine (T4) was depressed by WMS, a result of hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate intake. FI was improved by NH3. This was attributed to reduced concentrations of sinapine and glucosinolates in CS and WMS. Barrows fed from 57 to 100 kg liveweight showed no effect of dietary level of WMS on ADG or FG but 7.2 and 10.8% WMS resulted in leaner carcasses than with 0% WMS. Use of 30% CS in the diet, regardless of WMS level, resulted in fatty acid changes in backfat compared with the control diets. Fatty acids C14, C16, C16:1 and C18 were reduced and C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were increased by consuming diets containing 10–12% oil from CS and WMS. Gilts (57–100 kg) fed diets containing 0.2 and 10.5% WMS in CS fed at 30% of the diet had similar ADG but gilts fed the high WMS diet produced leaner carcasses. Key words: Canola seed, wild mustard, pigs, feeding, glucosinolates, fatty acids

FEEDING VALUE FOR PIGS OF CANOLA MEAL DERIVED FROM WESTAR AND TRIAZINE-TOLERANT CULTIVARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Daily Gain

Oil-extracted meals from Westar (WCM) and triazine-tolerant (TCM) canola seed (B. napus) were fed at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the diet to seven barrows of 35 kg initial weight in digestibility trials conducted in four successive replicates. The digestion coefficients for energy were 66 and 69%, respectively, and for crude protein were 76 and 80%. The corresponding digestible energy values were 13.31 and 13.96 MJ kg−1, respectively, and the digestible crude protein values were 32.6 and 37.5%, indicating that the WCM sample was inferior to the TCM sample. The meals were compared in a feeding trial involving 80 pigs housed in groups of four but fed individually from 23 to 100 kg liveweight. Five protein supplement combinations (soybean meal alone (control) and WCM or TCM replacing 50 or 100% of the soy protein) were tested in barley:wheat (2:1) diets with or without supplemental lysine (0.15–0.18%) and fed in meal or pellet form to male and female pigs. There were no significant differences among meals tested in average daily gain in either the growing (0.74 kg) or the finishing period (0.81 kg) but efficiency of feed utilization during the grower period (23–57 kg) was better with soybean meal diets than with the CM diets. Lysine supplementation improved daily gains from 0.70 to 0.77 kg in the grower period and from 0.79 to 0.83 kg in the finisher period. The corresponding improvements in feed:gain ratios were from 2.89 to 2.66 and from 3.75 to 3.62. Pelleting improved daily gain from 0.75 to 0.80 kg and feed:gain from 3.39 to 3.18, over the 23- to 100-kg weight range. Key words: Canola meal, Westar, triazine-tolerant, pigs, feeding trial

NUTRITIONAL AND MONETARY EVALUATION OF DAMAGED LENTILS FOR GROWING PIGS AND EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Lentils (Lens culinaris) damaged by frost and ascochyta blight were nutritionally evaluated in digestibility and feeding trials with 23- to 100-kg specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs, using 0, 10, 20 and 30% dietary levels. Cross-treatments included carbadox and oxytetracycline antibiotic supplements and an antibiotic-free control diet. Neither average daily gain (ADG) nor feed:gain ratio (F:G) was affected by replacing equivalent amounts of 1:1 soybean meal:canola meal protein with lentil protein. Antibiotic supplements did not improve ADG and adversely affected F:G. ADG ranges for all diets were 0.76–0.78 kg for 23- to 57-kg pigs and 0.82–0.86 kg for 23- to 100-kg. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) in lentils was 72%, gross energy 78%, and non-CP gross energy 81%, indicating a possible trypsin inhibitor effect on CP digestibility. A monetary assessment of lentils based on a modified Petersen method, using barley and soybean meal for establishing the value of digestible CP and non-CP digestible energy, showed lentils to be worth from 10 to 50% more than good quality barley, depending on the CP content of the lentils and the relative monetary values of barley and soybean meal. Key words: Lentils, low quality, pigs, feeding value, digestibility, composition

scholarly journals FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE FROM A TILLERING AND A NONTILLERING HYBRID CORN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN ◽  
N. B. McLAUGHLIN ◽  
S. FREYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Whole-plant silages made from a tillering corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) and a nontillering corn hybrid had similar digestibilities of dry matter, energy, and protein as assessed with wether sheep. When the silages were fed as the only feed for 56 days to yearling Hereford steers weighing an average of 370 kg, the intake of silage from the nontillering corn tended to be low and the steers only maintained their weight. Steers fed silage from the tillering corn gained 0.45 kg/day. However, with supplemental steamed, rolled barley being given for the remainder of the 112 days, average weight gains for the total period did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between steers on the two silages. When barley was fed with each of the silages at 0.5% of body weight, the average daily gain of steers for 112 days was the same for the two silages (0.79 kg/day). The digestible energy consumed per unit of gain did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the two silages. We conclude that, when fed with a limited amount of barley, silages of equal feeding value could be made from tillering and nontillering corn hybrids grown in southern Alberta.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of carcass of finishing sheep fed with diets containing cashew nut meal

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Nunes do Nascimento ◽  
Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério ◽  
Ana Sancha Malveira Batista ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds - 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

scholarly journals Fresh or dehydrated spineless cactus in diets for lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solano Felipe Just de Andrade ◽  
Ângela Maria Vieira Batista ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Barros de Lucena ◽  
Rafael De Paula Xavier de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective was to evaluate the effect of partial or total replacement of Tifton 85 hay with fresh or dehydrated spineless cactus on performance and body weight components of sheep. Thirty hair lambs, with 19 kg ± 0.35 kg initial weight, were randomly divided into five treatments, namely: Tifton 85 Hay (HA); Tifton 85 Hay + fresh spineless cactus (HAFC); Tifton 85 Hay + dehydrated spineless cactus (HADC); fresh spineless cactus (FC); dehydrated spineless cactus (DC). In addition to the spineless cactus and hay, the complete mixture contained soybean meal, mineral salt and limestone in all treatments. Animals were confined for 75 days and then slaughtered. The weight of body components was recorded. Dry matter intake, total digestible nutrients intake and voluntary water intake were higher (p < 0.05) for the DC and HADC treatments. The average daily gain was 118 g day-1 and body weight at slaughter of 25.8 kg were not influenced (p > 0.05) by treatments. The cold carcass weight, rib eye area, weight and yield of the skin, liver, kidney and large intestine were higher (p < 0.05) for the DC and HADC treatments. Partial or total replacement of Tifton 85 hay with fresh or dehydrated spineless cactus, in complete diets for sheep, increases the weight of the cold carcass and non-carcass components. 

Dietary ractopamine promotes growth, feed efficiency and carcass responses over a wide range of available lysine levels in finisher boars and gilts

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Rikard-Bell ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Ratios ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and carcass responses of finisher boars and gilts offered a range of dietary lysine levels and three levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC). The study involved three experiments of 90 pigs each, totalling 270 individually penned pigs in a 2 by 5 by 3 factorial design comprising two sexes (gilts, boars), five levels of dietary lysine [0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, and 0.72 g available lysine per MJ of digestible energy (DE), respectively] and three RAC dose regimes (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) for 28 days. An outbreak of pneumonia (Actinobaccilus pleuropneumonia) at Day 26 in Experiment 1 compromised Day 28 data; however, Day 21 data was considered suitable across all three experiments. The results indicate that 0.56 g available lysine/MJ DE is sufficient to maximise average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass weight in gilts. Control boars indicated that ADG and FCR were not limited by the lysine : energy ratios fed in this study. Increasing levels of dietary lysine linearly increased ADG (P < 0.001), improved FCR (P < 0.001) and increased carcass weight (P = 0.001). Likewise, increasing dietary RAC further improved ADG (P = 0.001), FCR (P = 0.002) and carcass weight (P = 0.075) linearly. The critical lysine levels calculated for ADG and FCR in gilts fed diets supplemented with RAC were less than required for controls. Boars had higher critical lysine levels than gilts when supplemented with dietary RAC, and increasing dietary RAC increased critical lysine levels for ADG and FCR in gilts and boars. An interaction (P = 0.016) between dietary lysine and RAC occurred for FCR, such that the response to 5 mg/kg dietary RAC diminished in diets containing 0.64 g and 0.72 g available lysine/MJ DE; however, these diets elicited a response when supplemented with 10 mg/kg RAC. Responses in ADG, FCR and carcass weight to dietary RAC were noted when dietary lysine was at or below the current recommendations for RAC diets, and it was suggested that this may have been due to reduced efficiency of lysine utilisation due to chronic disease challenge. A Sex × RAC interaction (P = 0.027) occurred for carcass P2, indicating the higher RAC dose reduced carcass P2 in boars but not in gilts. When formulating finisher pig diets between 60 and 90 kg liveweight, consideration of the lysine : energy requirements for boars and gilts is needed in order to maximise ADG, FCR and carcass characteristics. When supplementing pigs with dietary RAC, a wide range of lysine : energy levels maybe employed; however, this is dependent on RAC inclusion level and probably herd health.

Effect of xylanase supplementation of wheat-based liquid diets, for weaner pigs, steeped for 1 or 24 h before feeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Entire Male

Seventy-two individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.4 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a 26-day feeding trial. The pigs were allocated to one of six treatments in a 3 by 2 factorial design. The factors were (1) steeping duration of liquid feed [0 (dry control diet), 1 or 24 h], and (2) enzyme supplementation (0 or 300 ppm xylanase). The basal diet was wheat-based (65%) and was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, containing 14.5 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg and 0.85 g available lysine/MJ DE. Feeding pigs liquid diets steeped for 1 h increased feed intake (61 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and daily gain (70 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.16 versus 1.22; s.e.d. 0.03; P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed dry diets. Performance was not further improved by steeping for 24 h. The addition of xylanase to the diets had no positive effect on any of the performance measures and was associated with a significant (40 g/day; s.e.d. 14; P < 0.05) reduction in feed intake. These results provide no support for supplementing liquid diets for weaner pig diets with xylanase.

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