INFLUENCE OF CORN GRAIN ON AMINO ACIDS SUPPLIED TO AND ABSORBED FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. KOMAREK ◽  
R. A. JANDZINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Corn Grain

Increasing corn grain from 40 to 60% of the diet (as fed) of steers increased the essential amino acids supplied to the small intestine by 30% and the absorption by 59%. Increasing corn from 60 to 80% did not change the supplies but increased the digestibility of protein entering the duodenum. Key words: Cattle, small intestine, amino acids, passage, absorption

The effect of oligosaccharides and lactitol on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids, monosaccharides and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with oligosaccharides and LAC on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 28 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 9.1 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four diets based on barley, wheat and soybean meal according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (0.2%), GUO (0.2%) and LAC (1%, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) were included at the expense of corn starch. Supplementation with oligosaccharides or LAC had little effect on the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA and monosaccharides. Supplementation of diets with oligosaccharides or LAC did not affect (P > 0.05) the monosaccharide concentrations in ileal digesta except for galactose which was higher (P < 0.05) in digesta from pigs fed the diet supplemented with LAC. The daily ileal output of monosaccharides, pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and incidence of diarrhea were not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of diets for weanling pigs (9.1–13.8 kg) with oligosaccharides or LAC at these levels does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, oligosaccharides, lactitol, digestibility, bacteria

Protein composition and ruminal amino acid degradability of linseed meal

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-747
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine amino acid composition and ruminal degradability of linseed meal (LSM) relative to canola meal (CM). Linseed meal had higher (P < 0.05) arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine and less (P < 0.05) lysine than CM. Except for histidine, methionine, and threonine, ruminal escape values of essential amino acids were higher (P < 0.05) for LSM than CM. Key words: Linseed meal, amino acids, ruminal degradability

Ăn chay và rối loạn Nội tiết- Chuyển hóa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bá Thoại Trần
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Harmful Effects

Classic vegetarian diet focuses on plants for food, including: fruits, vegetables, dried beans and peas, grains, seeds and nuts… In general, these vegetarian diets can supply enough energy and nutrient for human body. Nevertheless, plant-borne foods lack some essential amino acids, contains a great amount of sugary carbohydrate and a small amount of vitamin B12, vitamin D...may causing the harmful effects. Key words: vegetarian diet, endocrinology, metabolism

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
A. John ◽  
M. T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Concentration

1. Sheep were used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of a low condensed-tannin concentration (22 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.) (control group) compared with lotus given to sheep receiving intraruminal polyethylene glycol (PEG) infusion (PEG group). PEG selectively binds to tannins and prevents tannins from binding proteins.2. DM intakes (1430 (SE 28) g/d) and digestibility of energy (663 (SE 4.5) kJ/MJ intake) were similar for both groups but the apparent digestion of nitrogen was lower in the control sheep (0.70) than in the PEG sheep (0.78; P < 0.001).3. The proportion of N apparently digested before the abomasum (i.e. in the rumen) was lower (P < 0.05) in control sheep (0.12) than in PEG sheep (0.21; P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in control sheep than in PEG sheep. The proportion of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) digested in the rumen was similar for both groups (0.48 (SE 0.012)) but less energy was digested in the rumen of the control (0.42) than of the PEG sheep (0.47; P < 0.05).4. The flux of essential amino acids (EAA) through the abomasum of control sheep was 50% greater than that in PEG sheep; flux of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 14% higher in control than in PEG sheep. Apparent digestibility of EAA in the small intestine was similar for both treatments (0.67), but NEAA were less well digested in the control (0.55) than in the PEG sheep (0.69).5. The presence of tannins in the control group increased net apparent absorption of threonine (57%), valine (89%), isoleucine (94%), leucine (30%), tyrosine (41%), phenylalanine (93%), histidine (90%) and lysine (59%), and reduced NEAA absorption by 10%, compared with PEG sheep.

THE FEED ANTIBIOTIC AVOPARCIN AND NET UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. MacGREGOR ◽  
D. G. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Net Uptake

Net uptake of amino acids from the ovine small intestine appeared to be more efficient in the presence of avoparcin, whether infused directly at the proximal duodenum or infused into the rumen. Key words: Sheep, small intestine, avoparcin, amino acids

scholarly journals Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant calf

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Sedgman ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Joanne Thomas ◽  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
P. Ganderton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
True Digestibility

1.Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4–10 d of age. The calves were used to studythe effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent digestibility of nitrogen fractions and amino acids and true digestibility of 3H-labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine. A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian calves was used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary tract and retention of N, calcium and phosphorus.2.At the duodenum, volume of outflow, its pH, and outflow of total-N (TN), protein-N (PN) and non-protein-N (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and TN outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but PN outflow decreased; NPN outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined.3.Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the duodenum or ileum, but duodenal PN outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values were lower and TN, PN and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN. Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for TN and PN as Pruteen inclusion increased.4.Amino acid concentration in duodenal outflow, with the exception of that of arginine, reflected intake. The total amount of each amino acid in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most amino acids decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high.5.True digestibility in the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 36S-labelled Pruteen was low for the milk-protein diet and tended to increase linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included.6.Dry matter concentration in faeces and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of carbohydrates did not differ between treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fat, apparent absorption of Ca, P and ash throughout the tract, retention of N, Ca and P and biological value of the protein decreased with inclusion rates greater than 300 g Pruteen/kg total dietary protein. The amount of N apparently absorbed in the large intestine was estimated as 0.9 g/d.7.Comparison of intake of apparently absorbed essential amino acids with requirement suggests that histidine is likely to be the limiting amino acid, assuming that arginine is synthesized in the body.8.Efficiencies of utilization of protein for tissue synthesis and to cover obligatory loss are estimated as 0.80, 0.75, 0.66 and 0.47 for diets containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g Pruteen/kg total protein in the diet. Efficiencies of utilization of individual essential amino acids were also estimated.

INTESTINAL DIGESTION OF PROTEIN IN DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HVELPLUND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Apparent digestibility of AA-N in the small intestine of dairy cows fed eight different diets varied between 0.61 and 0.75. As level of intake was increased a significant decrease in digestibility of AA-N was observed. Treating soyabean meal and cotton seed cakes with 0.5% formaldehyde reduced digestibility significantly. Key words: Cattle, intestinal digestibility, nitrogen, amino acids

Flow rates of components in digesta of pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum, and fed semipurified, hard wheat, and soft wheat diets

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ivan ◽  
David J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Post Feeding

Four pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to study flow rates of total digesta, insoluble dry matter, nitrogen, and amino acids entering and leaving the small intestine. The pigs received a semipurified diet, a hard wheat diet, or a soft wheat diet. These were approximately isonitrogenous.A higher rate of passage of digesta through the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were measured in pigs receiving the hard wheat diet. Peak flow of digesta at the duodenum of all pigs occurred at 1 h post feeding. Peak flow of digesta at the ileum occurred at 9 h post feeding on the soft wheat diet, but somewhat earlier on the hard wheat and semipurified diet. More nitrogen and essential amino acids flowed in the solid fraction of duodenal digesta during the first 2 h post feeding for the wheat diets and 4 h post feeding for the semipurified diet.It was concluded that flow rate of most nutrients from the stomach and through the small intestine of pigs is modified by the composition and texture of the food ingested. It is postulated that efficiency of mixing of digesta with digestive secretions in the stomach is a major factor influencing rate of flow.

scholarly journals Oxidation of essential amino acids by the ovine gastrointestinal tract

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Lobley ◽  
Xiangzhen Shen ◽  
Guowei Le ◽  
David M. Bremner ◽  
Eric Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ruminant Animal

It is not known if the ruminant animal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can oxidise essential amino acids (AA) other than leucine. Therefore, the oxidation of four essential AA (leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine), supplied systemically as labelled 1-13C forms, was monitored across the mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV; small intestine) and portal-drained viscera (PDV; total GIT), as part of a 4×4 Latin square design, in four wether sheep (35–45 kg) fed at 1·4 × maintenance. Oxidation was assessed primarily by appearance of13CO2,corrected for sequestration of [13C]bicarbonate. The GIT contributed 25 % (P<0·001) and 10 % (P<0·05) towards whole-body AA oxidation for leucine and methionine respectively. This reduced net appearance across the PDV by 23 and 11 % respectively. The contribution of MDV metabolism to total PDV oxidation was 40 % for leucine and 60 % for methionine. There was no catabolism of systemic lysine or phenylalanine across the GIT. Production and exchange of secondary metabolites (e.g. 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate, homocysteine, 2-aminoadipate) across the GIT was also limited. Less AA appeared across the PDV than MDV (P<0·001), indicative of use by tissues such as the forestomach, large intestine, spleen and pancreas. The PDV: MDV net appearance ratios varied (P<0·001) between AA, e.g. phenylalanine (0·81), lysine (0·71), methionine (0·67), leucine (0·56), histidine (0·71), threonine (0·63) and tryptophan (0·48). These differences probably reflect incomplete re-absorption of endogenous secretions and, together with the varied oxidative losses measured, will alter the pattern of AA net supply to the rest of the animal.

EFFECTS OF TREATING RAPESEED MEAL AND CASEIN WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON THE FLOW OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF FISTULATED HOLSTEIN STEERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Belt Feeder

Four Holstein steers fitted with T-type soft plastic cannulae in the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum were fed four semipurified pelleted diets containing 19% rapeseed meal (RSM) or 7.5% casein, both untreated or treated with formaldehyde (FA), during the four experimental periods. The diets were fed from an automatic belt feeder device. FA treatment of casein increased (P < 0.01) the flow of total N and non-ammonia-N (NAN) as a percentage of intake through the abomasum of steers. Significantly more (P < 0.05) bacterial N passed through the abomasum of steers fed RSM diets than those receiving the casein diets. FA treatment caused a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) depression in the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the small intestine of steers receiving the treated diets. Significantly greater (P < 0.05) quantities of total N and NAN passed through the terminal ileum of steers consuming the RSM diets compared to those fed casein diets. Total determined amino acids in the abomasum as a percentage of amino acid intake were lower (P < 0.01) for untreated casein diet compared to the other three treatments. FA treatment increased (P < 0.05) the flow of lysine, histidine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine in the abomasum of steers receiving FA casein compared with untreated casein, but had no effect in the case of treated RSM. FA treatment increased the absorption of most of the essential amino acids in the small intestine of steers receiving the FA casein compared to casein diet. Treatment of RSM resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) fecal excretion of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine.

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