INTESTINAL DIGESTION OF PROTEIN IN DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HVELPLUND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Apparent digestibility of AA-N in the small intestine of dairy cows fed eight different diets varied between 0.61 and 0.75. As level of intake was increased a significant decrease in digestibility of AA-N was observed. Treating soyabean meal and cotton seed cakes with 0.5% formaldehyde reduced digestibility significantly. Key words: Cattle, intestinal digestibility, nitrogen, amino acids

scholarly journals Quantitative intestinal digestion of nitrogen in sheep given formaldehyde-treated and untreated casein supplements

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Macrae ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
P. D. Pearce ◽  
Jane Hendtlass
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Gross Energy

1. In two experiments, sheep prepared with a rumen cannula and with re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were continuously fed on diets of dried grass, dried grass plus formalin-treated casein, or dried grass plus untreated casein. Paper impregnated with chromic oxide was given once daily via the rumen fistula.2. In ten 24 h collections of digesta entering the duodenum and eleven 24 h collections of digesta reaching the ileum of sheep given dried grass, there were highly significant correlations between the 24 h flows of Cr marker and the corresponding flows of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01) at both sites.3. Daily amounts of non-ammonia N and of individual amino acids entering and leaving the small intestine and of total N excreted in faeces and urine are given.4. Net retention of supplementary N was 36% when the supplement was administered as formalin-treated casein, but only 17% when it was administered as untreated casein.5. Formalin treatment of casein significantly increased the daily amounts of non-ammonia N entering the small intestine (P < 0.01) and the amounts of non-ammonia N apparently absorbed therein (P < 0.05).6. Apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was significantly greater (P < 0.05) with treated casein than with untreated casein. There were relative increases in the small amounts of several free amino acids measured, including taurine, in the ileal digesta of sheep receiving the treated casein supplement.

The effect of oligosaccharides and lactitol on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids, monosaccharides and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with oligosaccharides and LAC on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 28 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 9.1 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four diets based on barley, wheat and soybean meal according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (0.2%), GUO (0.2%) and LAC (1%, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) were included at the expense of corn starch. Supplementation with oligosaccharides or LAC had little effect on the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA and monosaccharides. Supplementation of diets with oligosaccharides or LAC did not affect (P > 0.05) the monosaccharide concentrations in ileal digesta except for galactose which was higher (P < 0.05) in digesta from pigs fed the diet supplemented with LAC. The daily ileal output of monosaccharides, pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and incidence of diarrhea were not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of diets for weanling pigs (9.1–13.8 kg) with oligosaccharides or LAC at these levels does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, oligosaccharides, lactitol, digestibility, bacteria

scholarly journals The effect of formaldehyde treatment before ensiling on the digestion of wilted grass silage by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
R. T. Evans ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. Wilted perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. cv. Endura) was ensiled without additive or after addition of a mixture of equal volumes of formic acid (850 g/kg) and formalin (380 g formaldehyde/kg) applied at a rate of 35 g formaldehyde/kg herbage crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25). The digestion of the two silages and the effect of supplemental N as urea or urea plus soya-bean meal on the digestion of the treated silage was studied using sheep fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum.2. The additive markedly reduced carbohydrate fermentation and protein degradation in the silo.3. There were no significant differences between diets in rumen pH, dilution rate, volatile fatty acid production and the molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, rumen ammonia levels and the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE) and cellulose in the stomach were significantly depressed (P< 0.05) by the additive. It also reduced (P< 0.05) the extent to which the N of the silage was degraded in the rumen and, with the treated silage, more microbial N was synthesized in the rumen than food N degraded, resulting in a net gain of N between mouth and duodenum, as compared to a net loss with the untreated silage.4. Supplementation of the treated silage with urea or urea plus soya-bean meal significantly increased (P< 0.05) the amount of food N degraded in the rumen and rumen ammonia levels but had no effect on the apparent digestibility of OM, GE and cellulose in the stomach or on the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum.5. The quantity of microbial amino acids entering the small intestine and the apparent digestibility of amino acids in the small intestine were similar for all four diets. However, the quantity of food amino acids reaching the small intestine was significantly higher with the three diets containing the treated silage and consequently the apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was substantially higher with these diets than with the untreated silage.

INFLUENCE OF CORN GRAIN ON AMINO ACIDS SUPPLIED TO AND ABSORBED FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. KOMAREK ◽  
R. A. JANDZINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Corn Grain

Increasing corn grain from 40 to 60% of the diet (as fed) of steers increased the essential amino acids supplied to the small intestine by 30% and the absorption by 59%. Increasing corn from 60 to 80% did not change the supplies but increased the digestibility of protein entering the duodenum. Key words: Cattle, small intestine, amino acids, passage, absorption

scholarly journals The digestion of heat-damaged protein

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nesheim ◽  
K. J. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

1. The apparent digestibilities for chicks, operated on so as to allow separate collection of urine and faeces, of the nitrogen in a heat-damaged cod flour (C35) and of a control, freezedried cod muscle (C23) were 77 and 90% respectively.2. The differences are similar to those found for rats in earlier work and considerably smaller than the differences found in nutritional value of the materials as sources of either lysine or methionine for chicks.3. Chicks killed 3 h after a test meal containing C23 showed little more N in their small intestine than did those on a N-free diet; other chicks receiving C35 showed much more N remaining in the gut.4. It is hypothesized that significant quantities of heat-damaged protein may remain undigested in the small intestine, but may then be de-aminated by fermentation in the caecum so that values for the digestibility of N and of individual amino acids may be misleadingly high.5. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that in caecectomized chicks the apparent digestibility of the N of C35 was only 68%, whereas the digestibility of C23 remained the same as in intact chicks.

Small intestinal digestibility of microbial and endogenous amino acids in dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Larsen ◽  
T. G. Madsen ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg ◽  
T. Hvelplund ◽  
J. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

Ruminal disappearance and intestinal digestibility of amino acids in intensively reared beef cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
F. Vicente ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
S.M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Manipulation of amino acids (AA) supply to the duodenum is constrained in ruminants by insufficient knowledge on the AA profile of undegradable protein. There is evidence that rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of individual AA may differ from that of nitrogen (N) or total AA (TAA) (Erasmus et al., 1994, O'Mara et al., 1997) although differences in intestinal digestibility are probably of relevance only in roughage and overheated feeds (Van Straalen et al., 1997). The objective of this experiment was to provide more information about the relative influence of rumen degradation and intestinal digestion on the AA profile of the absorbed fraction of four protein sources commonly used in beef cattle rationing.

The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 2. Digestion of organic matter, energy and amino acids in forestomachs and intestines.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Energy

2. Two dairy cows with duodenal reentrant and rumen cannulae were given diets containing artificially dried and pelleted grass (GP), grass silage treated with formic acid (GSF), grass silage treated with a mixture of formic acid and formaldehyde (GSFF) or grass silage without additive (GS). DM intake was 14.8 to 16.0 kg/day and about 30% of the N in the diets was from grass pellets or silages. Between 45 and 57% of the apparently digested organic matter and between 26 and 41% of the apparently digested energy disappeared before the intestines. The higher values were found with GSF and GS.Total amino acid N reaching the duodenum was between 104 and 134% of intake, highest with GP and GSFF. The amounts of individual amino acids reaching the small intestine were from 75 to 270% of the amounts ingested. High values (>150%) were found for glycine, lysine, methionine and tyrosine; low values (

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