scholarly journals Oxidation of essential amino acids by the ovine gastrointestinal tract

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Lobley ◽  
Xiangzhen Shen ◽  
Guowei Le ◽  
David M. Bremner ◽  
Eric Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ruminant Animal

It is not known if the ruminant animal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can oxidise essential amino acids (AA) other than leucine. Therefore, the oxidation of four essential AA (leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine), supplied systemically as labelled 1-13C forms, was monitored across the mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV; small intestine) and portal-drained viscera (PDV; total GIT), as part of a 4×4 Latin square design, in four wether sheep (35–45 kg) fed at 1·4 × maintenance. Oxidation was assessed primarily by appearance of13CO2,corrected for sequestration of [13C]bicarbonate. The GIT contributed 25 % (P<0·001) and 10 % (P<0·05) towards whole-body AA oxidation for leucine and methionine respectively. This reduced net appearance across the PDV by 23 and 11 % respectively. The contribution of MDV metabolism to total PDV oxidation was 40 % for leucine and 60 % for methionine. There was no catabolism of systemic lysine or phenylalanine across the GIT. Production and exchange of secondary metabolites (e.g. 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate, homocysteine, 2-aminoadipate) across the GIT was also limited. Less AA appeared across the PDV than MDV (P<0·001), indicative of use by tissues such as the forestomach, large intestine, spleen and pancreas. The PDV: MDV net appearance ratios varied (P<0·001) between AA, e.g. phenylalanine (0·81), lysine (0·71), methionine (0·67), leucine (0·56), histidine (0·71), threonine (0·63) and tryptophan (0·48). These differences probably reflect incomplete re-absorption of endogenous secretions and, together with the varied oxidative losses measured, will alter the pattern of AA net supply to the rest of the animal.

scholarly journals Digestion of protein in small and large intestine of the pig

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Holmes ◽  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
P. A. Leadbeater ◽  
F. D. Horney
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

1. Six 45 kg pigs with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used in two 3 × 3 Latin-square design experiments to study the site of absorption of protein and amino acids. Semi-purified diets containing soya-bean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) or no protein source (protein-free) were offered at the rate of 1 kg dry matter/d.2. Flow-rates of ileal contents for 24 h collection periods, corrected for recovery of marker, were 3135, 3127 and 1243 ml (SE 390) for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively.3. Amounts of dry matter digested in the small intestine were 730, 669 and 809 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001).4. Nitrogen intakes were 32·6, 29·9 and 5·9 g/d, and amounts digested in the small intestine were 25·7, 20·2 and 1·6 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001). Amounts digested in the large intestine were 2·6, 3·7 and 0·7 g/d.5. Total amino acid intakes and amounts collected at the ileum and in the faeces were (g/d): SBM, 177, 24 and 18; RSM, 149, 28 and 22; protein-free 3, 9 and 12. Digestibility in the small intestine was higher for SBM than RSM for seventeen of the eighteen amino acids estimated. Greater quantities of arginine, methionine, cystine and tyrosine were voided in the faeces than passed through the ileal cannulas for pigs receiving the SBM and RSM diets. For those receiving the protein-free diet this was true for each amino acid except proline.6. Significant differences were found between all diets in the concentration of some amino acids in ileal and faecal amino-N, and endogenous protein secretions did not mask the differences between diets.7. Differences in digestibility between SBM and RSM were greater at the ileum than in the faeces. Amino acid fermentation in the large intestine obscured or reduced differences between SBM and RSM.

scholarly journals Digesta transit in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs as affected by insoluble fibre supplied by wheat bran

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Wilfart ◽  
Lucile Montagne ◽  
Howard Simmins ◽  
Jean Noblet ◽  
Jaap van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Insoluble Fibre

Digestibility is the result of two competing processes: digestion and digesta transit. To develop or parameterise mechanistic models of digestion, both processes have to be quantified. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of insoluble dietary fibre on the transit in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Six barrows (33 kg initial body weight and fitted with two simple T-cannulas at the proximal duodenum and distal ileum) were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Pigs were offered diets differing in total dietary fibre content (170, 220 and 270 g/kg DM) at 4 h intervals. A single meal marked with YbO2and Cr-EDTA was used to determine the kinetics of markers concentrations of the solid and liquid phases, respectively. The mean retention time (MRT), calculated by the method of the moments, averaged 1, 4 and 38 h in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, respectively. Increasing the insoluble fibre content in the diet had no effect on MRT in the stomach and decreased the MRT of both phases in the small intestine (P < 0·05). In the large intestine, increasing the insoluble fibre content decreased the MRT of the liquid phase (P = 0·02) and tended to decrease the MRT of the solid phase (P = 0·06). Transit of the solid phase in the large intestine was 4–8 h slower than transit of the liquid phase. Analysis of marker excretion curves indicated that the small and large intestine should be represented mathematically to have both a tubular (propulsion) and compartmental (mixing) structure.

scholarly journals Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant calf

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Sedgman ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Joanne Thomas ◽  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
P. Ganderton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
True Digestibility

1.Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4–10 d of age. The calves were used to studythe effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent digestibility of nitrogen fractions and amino acids and true digestibility of 3H-labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine. A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian calves was used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary tract and retention of N, calcium and phosphorus.2.At the duodenum, volume of outflow, its pH, and outflow of total-N (TN), protein-N (PN) and non-protein-N (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and TN outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but PN outflow decreased; NPN outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined.3.Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the duodenum or ileum, but duodenal PN outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values were lower and TN, PN and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN. Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for TN and PN as Pruteen inclusion increased.4.Amino acid concentration in duodenal outflow, with the exception of that of arginine, reflected intake. The total amount of each amino acid in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most amino acids decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high.5.True digestibility in the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 36S-labelled Pruteen was low for the milk-protein diet and tended to increase linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included.6.Dry matter concentration in faeces and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of carbohydrates did not differ between treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fat, apparent absorption of Ca, P and ash throughout the tract, retention of N, Ca and P and biological value of the protein decreased with inclusion rates greater than 300 g Pruteen/kg total dietary protein. The amount of N apparently absorbed in the large intestine was estimated as 0.9 g/d.7.Comparison of intake of apparently absorbed essential amino acids with requirement suggests that histidine is likely to be the limiting amino acid, assuming that arginine is synthesized in the body.8.Efficiencies of utilization of protein for tissue synthesis and to cover obligatory loss are estimated as 0.80, 0.75, 0.66 and 0.47 for diets containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g Pruteen/kg total protein in the diet. Efficiencies of utilization of individual essential amino acids were also estimated.

Effects of dietary level and formaldehyde treatment of corn on nutrient digestion and metabolism in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Oke ◽  
S. C. Loerch ◽  
D. R. Redman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
N Metabolism

The effects of dietary level and formaldehyde treatment of corn on ruminal and intestinal digestion of starch and nitrogen (N), N metabolism, and concentration of plasma metabolites were determined. Four wethers (average wt 32 kg) with duodenal and ileal cannulae were fed diets containing either formaldehyde-treated or untreated corn at 50 or 75% of total dietary dry matter intake. The design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Starch digested in the stomach (percentage of intake) was reduced 38% (P < 0.01) by formaldehyde treatment of corn, whereas starch digested in the small intestine (percentage of intake or of flow to small intestine) was increased (P < 0.01) by formaldehyde treatment. An increase (P < 0.01) in starch digested in the small intestine (as a percentage of intake and flow of starch to the small intestine) was observed for treated corn vs. untreated corn at both the 50 and 75% levels. The magnitude of improvement in N retention for formaldehyde-treated vs. untreated corn was dependent on the level of corn in the diet (interaction, P < 0.01). Concentrations of plasma glucose were 21% greater (P < 0.05) when wethers were fed treated corn than when they were fed untreated corn. Wethers fed treated corn also had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of plasma urea N and essential amino acids than when they were fed untreated corn. These data suggest that formaldehyde treatment of corn shifted the site of digestion of a large proportion of dietary starch from the fore-stomach to the small intestine. Formaldehyde treatment of corn enhanced metabolic utilization of amino acids as reflected by improved N retention, decreased concentrations of essential amino acids and urea N in plasma. Key words: Sheep, formaldehyde, starch, corn, digestion, metabolism

DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Faba Beans

Four castrated pigs, each fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the terminal ileum, were used to study digestion in the small intestine. A nitrogen-free diet was used for the estimation of metabolic nitrogen and amino acids. Faba beans, as the sole source of dietary protein, were used raw or after autoclaving for 30 or 60 min. The four diets were fed to the pigs in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment. The pigs were fed each diet for 6 days prior to a 24-hr collection of total ileal contents. Autoclaving of faba beans had no significant effect on digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen and individual amino acids except arginine, which was significantly increased. The intestinal uptake of arginine was the highest and of cystine the lowest in all faba bean diets. It was concluded that autoclaving faba beans had no beneficial effect on the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine of the pig.

Measurement of protein turnover in the small intestine of lambs. 2. Effects of feed intake

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. NEUTZE ◽  
J. M. GOODEN ◽  
V. H. ODDY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

This study used an experimental model, described in a companion paper, to examine the effects of feed intake on protein turnover in the small intestine of lambs. Ten male castrate lambs (∼ 10 months old) were offered, via continuous feeders, either 400 (n = 5) or 1200 (n = 5) g/day lucerne chaff, and mean experimental liveweights were 28 and 33 kg respectively. All lambs were prepared with catheters in the cranial mesenteric vein (CMV), femoral artery (FA), jugular vein and abomasum, and a blood flow probe around the CMV. Cr-EDTA (0·139 mg Cr/ml, ∼ 0·2 ml/min) was infused abomasally for 24 h and L-[2,6-3H]phenylalanine (Phe) (420±9·35 μCi into the abomasum) and L-[U-14C]phenylalanine (49·6±3·59 μCi into the jugular vein) were also infused during the last 8 h. Blood from the CMV and FA was sampled during the isotope infusions. At the end of infusions, lambs were killed and tissue (n = 4) and digesta (n = 2) samples removed from the small intestine (SI) of each animal. Transfers of labelled and unlabelled Phe were measured between SI tissue, its lumen and blood, enabling both fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis and gain to be estimated.Total SI mass increased significantly with feed intake (P < 0·05), although not on a liveweight basis. Fractional rates of protein gain in the SI tended to increase (P = 0·12) with feed intake; these rates were −16·2 (±13·7) and 23·3 (±15·2) % per day in lambs offered 400 and 1200 g/day respectively. Mean protein synthesis and fractional synthesis rates (FSR), calculated from the mean retention of 14C and 3H in SI tissue, were both positively affected by feed intake (0·01 < P < 0·05). The choice of free Phe pool for estimating precursor specific radioactivity (SRA) for protein synthesis had a major effect on FSR. Assuming that tissue free Phe SRA represented precursor SRA, mean FSR were 81 (±15) and 145 (±24) % per day in lambs offered 400 and 1200 g/day respectively. Corresponding estimates for free Phe SRA in the FA and CMV were 28 (±2·9) and 42 (±3·5) % per day on 400 g/day, and 61 (±2·9) and 94 (±6·0) on 1200 g/day. The correct value for protein synthesis was therefore in doubt, although indirect evidence suggested that blood SRA (either FA or CMV) may be closest to true precursor SRA. This evidence included (i) comparison with flooding dose estimates of FSR, (ii) comparison of 3H[ratio ]14C Phe SRA in free Phe pools with this ratio in SI protein, and (iii) the proportion of SI energy use associated with protein synthesis.Using the experimental model, the proportion of small intestinal protein synthesis exported was estimated as 0·13–0·27 (depending on the choice of precursor) and was unaffected by feed intake. The contribution of the small intestine to whole body protein synthesis tended to be higher in lambs offered 1200 g/day (0·21) than in those offered 400 g/day (0·13). The data obtained in this study suggested a role for the small intestine in modulating amino acid supply with changes in feed intake. At high intake (1200 g/day), the small intestine increases in mass and CMV uptake of amino acids is less than absorption from the lumen, while at low intake (400 g/day), this organ loses mass and CMV uptake of amino acids exceeds that absorbed. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Nutritional components of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morakot Sroyraya ◽  
Peter J. Hanna ◽  
Tanapan Siangcham ◽  
Ruchanok Tinikul ◽  
Prapaporn Jattujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Background: Holothuria scabra is one of the most commercially important species found in the Pacific region. The sea cucumber extracts have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional compositions of H. scabra, and compare its important nutritional contents with that of other species.Methods: The sea cucumbers were dissected, sliced into small pieces, and then freeze-dried. The nutritional compositions, including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, collagen, GABA, Vitamin A, C, and E of the whole body and body wall of H. scabra, were analyzed.Results: H. scabra contained a high quantity of protein (22.50% in whole body and 55.18% in body wall) and very low lipids (1.55% in whole body and 1.02% in body wall). The three most abundant amino acids found in both the whole body and body wall were glycine, glutamic acid, and proline. The main fatty acids found in the whole body were stearic acid and nervonic acid, and in the body wall were arachidonic acid and stearic acid. The whole body and body wall also contained high levels of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and collagen, in addition to moderate amounts of vitamin E and low amounts of GABA and vitamin C.Conclusions: The sea cucumber, H. scabra, contained high quantity of protein and very low lipid. It contained high essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, nervonic and arachidonic acids, and collagen, which also contained GABA, vitamin C, and vitamin E.Keywords: sea cucumber; Holothuria scabra; nutrition components; functional food            

scholarly journals Nonessential amino acid usage for protein replenishment in humans: a method of estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tessari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover

ABSTRACT Background Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key factors in determining dietary protein quality. Their RDAs have been estimated. However, although nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) are utilized for protein synthesis too, no estimates of their usage for body protein replenishment have been proposed so far. Objective The aim of this study was to provide minimum, approximate estimates of NEAA usage for body protein replenishment/conservation in humans. Methods A correlation between the pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs in body proteins, and their usage, was assumed. In order to reconstruct an “average” amino acid pattern/composition of total body proteins (as grams of amino acid per gram of protein), published data of relevant human organs/tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, gut, and collagen, making up ∼74% of total proteins) were retrieved. The (unknown) amino acid composition of residual proteins (∼26% of total proteins) was assumed to be the same as for the sum of the aforementioned organs excluding collagen. Using international EAA RDA values, an average ratio of EAA RDA to the calculated whole-body EAA composition was derived. This ratio was then used to back-calculate NEAA usage for protein replenishment. The data were calculated also using estimated organ/tissue amino acid turnover. Results The individual ratios of World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University RDA to EAA content ranged between 1.35 (phenylalanine + tyrosine) and 3.68 (leucine), with a mean ± SD value of 2.72 ± 0.81. In a reference 70-kg subject, calculated NEAA usage for body protein replenishment ranged from 0.73 g/d for asparagine to 3.61 g/d for proline. Use of amino acid turnover data yielded similar results. Total NEAA usage for body protein replenishment was ∼19 g/d (45% of total NEAA intake), whereas ∼24 g/d was used for other routes. Conclusion This method may provide indirect minimum estimates of the usage of NEAAs for body protein replacement in humans.

Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the complex microbiota located in the gastrointestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
J. Z. Zhao ◽  
Z. J. Zhou ◽  
H. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Colon And Rectum

The commensal gut microbial communities play an important role in the health and production efficiency of growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of growing-finishing pigs. This analysis was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing targeting the V3–V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from 20, healthy pigs aged 24 weeks and weighing 115.9 ± 5.4 kg. The dominant bacterial phyla in the various gastrointestinal tract sections were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Prevotella, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira were more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. Unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae and Corynebacterium were more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Shuttleworthia, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Mitsuokella were more abundant in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. At the species level, M. el.s.d.enii and M. multacida were predominant in the stomach. In addition, P. stercorea, P. copri, C. butyricum, R. flavefaciens and R. bromii were significantly more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. B. pseudolongum and B. thermacidophilum were significantly more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the overall composition of the pig gastrointestinal microbiota could be clustered into three groups: stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum). Venn diagrams illustrated the distribution of shared and specific operational taxonomic units among the various gastrointestinal tract sections.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

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