THE INFLUENCE OF FEED ENERGY LEVEL ON GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN BULLS OF TWO BREED TYPES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
SARAH BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Similar Growth

A serial slaughter experiment is described using 48 yearling bulls: 24 Hereford crossbred (HX) and 24 Beef synthetic (SY). Twelve bulls of each breed type were fed a high-energy, mainly grain diet (Hi) and the other 12 a pelleted alfalfa diet (Lo). The two breed types showed similar growth rate and feed efficiency, yet at constant carcass weight (375.2 kg) the HX were fatter (44.2 vs. 37.2 kg) and had less muscle (110.3 vs. 116.8 kg) in the dissected side than the SY. The Hi diet resulted in greater growth rate (1.46 vs. 1.06 kg/day) and feed efficiency (9.5 vs. 12.7 kg/kg), in both breed types, than the Lo diet and resulted in a greater rate of fat thickness accumulation (P = 0.001). At constant carcass weight (375.2 kg), the Hi diet gave more fat (46.9 vs. 34.5 kg) and less msucle (109.0 vs. 118.0 kg) and bone (24.6 vs. 28.0 kg) in the dissected side than the Lo diet in both breed types. It is concluded that biological type and diet can be manipulated independently to produce optimum carcass grades at various carcass weights. Key words: Fatness, feed energy, growth, carcass, bulls, beef production

SUPPLEMENTARY TRACE MINERALS FOR THE FEEDLOT FINISHING OF BEEF STEERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Daily Gain

Steers in the finishing phase before slaughter were fed barley-based diets without (0TM) or with (+TM) supplemental trace minerals. The +TM diets of Trials 1 and 2 contained supplemental Cu, Zn, Mn and Se; the +TM diet of Trial 2 also contained supplemental Fe in addition to the other four trace minerals. All diets contained supplemental Co and I. Groups of steers were: Trial 1, 18 Angus-Charolais-North Devon crossbreeds, known as Selkirks (Sel) plus 18 Simmental × Sel; Trial 2, 10 Angus × Sel plus 30 Simmental × Sel. Average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P < 0.05) while feed efficiency (feed/gain; F/G) was improved 6% (P > 0.05) for +TM steers of Trial 1. There were no differences (P > 0.05) for ADG or F/G of Trial 2 when the +TM diet contained supplemental Fe. Hot carcass weight was not influenced (P > 0.05) by treatment in either Trial. In both Trials there were higher (P < 0.05) liver Cu and liver Mn for +TM steers, and no difference (P > 0.05) for liver Zn. Liver Fe was lower (P < 0.05) for +TM steers of Trial 1, but with no difference (P > 0.05) for Trial 2. Supplemental trace minerals increased ADG, but did not modify hot carcass weight in Trial 1. Liver Cu and Mn were increased in response to supplemental Cu and Mn in both Trials. It was not advantageous to provide supplemental Fe in Trial 2 in order to counteract the effect of supplemental Cu upon liver Fe observed in Trial 1. Key words: Steers, finishing phase, copper, zinc, manganese, iron

scholarly journals Seasonal and year dynamics in the quality characteristics in pig carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova ◽  
Penka Marinova ◽  
Tania Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of the characteristics in pig carcasses as affected by the season and year of slaughter. A total of 106 027 carcasses of growing-finishing pigs of commercial production, slaughtered in the same abattoir in 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. The carcasses were classified using UltraFOM 200 device, as the characteristics controlled were back-fat thickness at two locations and the depth of m. Longissimus dorsi. These measurements were used to further determine the lean meat percentage. The results of the study showed significant differences in the dynamics of changes of carcass characteristics during the seasons and the years. The highest lean meat percentage was found in summer (56.48%), followed by spring (56.34%), autumn (56.29%) and winter (56.10%). On the other hand, the pigs slaughtered in winter displayed highest carcass weight and back-fat thickness at both locations.

Post-weaning growth rate effects on body composition of Nellore bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Luiz H. P. Silva ◽  
Pedro V. R. Paulino ◽  
Pedro D. B. Benedeti ◽  
Mauricio M. Estrada ◽  
Lyvian C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rate Effects

Context Previously feed-restricted cattle may exhibit compensatory growth during the finishing phase. However, the efficiency in converting feed into carcass should be evaluated since cattle undergoing compensatory growth usually have high non-carcass weight gain. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth rate throughout the post-weaning growing phase on subsequent feed efficiency, carcass gain, and gain composition. Methods Thirty-nine weaned young Nellore bulls averaging 230.4 ± 5.62 kg of bodyweight and 8.5 ± 0.25 months of age were used. Initially, five bulls were slaughtered as a reference initial group. The remaining bulls were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional plans to achieve Low (0 kg/day), Medium (0.6 kg/day) or High (1.2 kg/day) average daily gain (ADG) throughout the post-weaning growing phase, followed by high growth rate during the finishing phase. One-half of the bulls from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the post-weaning growing phase, and the other one-half after the finishing phase. During both phases the feed intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and body composition were evaluated. Key results Throughout the post-weaning growing phase, High bulls had greater ADG and more efficiently converted feed into carcass, compared with other nutritional plans (P &lt; 0.01). Throughout the finishing phase, Low bulls had greater ADG, carcass gain, and feed efficiency than High and Medium bulls (P &lt; 0.01). Previous feed restriction did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) apparent digestibility. During the finishing phase, previously restricted bulls fully compensated for the lost visceral organ weight, whereas the losses of bodyweight and carcass weight were only partially compensated. Throughout finishing, Low bulls had the greatest feed efficiency and profitability among nutritional plans. However, considering the overall experiment, Hight bulls converted feed into carcass more efficiently than Low bulls (P = 0.02), but did not differ from Medium (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions Although previously restricted bulls had greater performance and efficiency throughout finishing, the improvement was not enough to reach the same carcass weight at the same age of the unrestricted bulls. Implications Despite the greater profitability of previously restricted bulls throughout finishing, unrestricted bulls were more profitable considering both growing and finishing phases.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

Quantitative anatomical studies of the composition of the pig at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight II. Gross composition and skeletal composition

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuthbertson ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Different Parts

1. Results are presented concerning the gross composition of pig carcasses at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight in ten litters. They show that during the periods under consideration the proportion of muscle in the carcass exceeded that of the other tissues. However, while the rates of growth of muscle and bone were similar the growth rate of fat was markedly greater. The result was that at 92 kg. the proportions of muscle and fat in the carcass were 43·53 and 41·37%, respectively.2. Results are also presented dealing with the relative development of the different parts of the skeleton. Of the five major anatomical regions of the skeleton the sacrum grew relatively fastest between 50 and 68 kg. carcass weight while the cervical vertebrae grew fastest in the second period. In both periods the bones of the thorax and loin grew at rates intermediate between the fastest and slowest growing regions.

A survey of marbling fat in Canadian beef carcasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Carcass

Marbling score was assessed in 20 437 Canadian beef carcasses on a 10-point scale (1 = very abundant, 10 = devoid) in six provinces during the period August to November 1989. Heifer carcasses had a lower marbling score (more marbling fat) than steer carcasses, and both had lower marbling scores (more marbling fat) than bull carcasses. Marbling increased as Canada grade changed from B1 to A1 and from A1 through to A4, indicating that marbling fat increased with carcass fatness. The regression of marbling score on carcass weight and carcass 12th rib fat thickness, although significant, showed that these traits only accounted for 0.5 and 6%, respectively, of the overall variation in marbling score. The overall distribution of marbling scores showed that 20.6% of carcasses had small or more marbling, 57.9% had slight marbling, 20.4% had traces of marbling and 1.1% were devoid of marbling. Key words: Beef, carcass, marbling, survey

scholarly journals The performance testing of boars II. Phenotypic and genetic correlations

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Elsi Ettala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Different Characteristics

In this study the interrelationships between the various characteristics for the boar material described in the first part were analysed. For this purpose the phenotypic, genetic and intra-sire correlation matrix as well as stepwise multiple regression analyses were calculated by computer for the material of 138 boars. The results showed that there was a very strong correlation between fat thickness and testing score (rG = —0.95***, rP = —0.88***). Of the total variation in the testing score 85.2 % was accounted for by the variation in fat thickness. Although the testing score is made up of the points for fat thickness and growth, the latter accounted for only 9.2 % of the variation in the score. Daily growth was positively associated with the testing score and negatively with the amount of feed units required per growth kilogram, but significantly so only for the intra-sire correlations; the genetic correlations being even, contrary to expectation. The association between growth rate and fat thickness was positive (rG = 0.47***). Of the total variation in feed efficiency the testing score accounted for 35.6 %. A high testing score was associated with a favourable feed efficiency (rg = —0.63***). By correlation studies attempts were also made to find out whether it would be possible to shorten the testing period without decreasing the accuracy. The correlations show that the growth rate can be predicted with an appreciable degree of accuracy already from the weight at the 8th testing week. The correlations between the above weight and growth rates were; rG = 0.84***, rP = 0.82***. From the associations between different characteristics one can decide on the suitability of testing and the consequences of selection for particular traits.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING AVOPARCIN IN COMBINATION WITH PROGESTERONE-ESTRADIOL IMPLANTS ON GROWING AND FINISHING STEERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. MURRAY ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Growth Promotants

Two, experiments were conducted with growing and finishing steers to determine the performance response to feeding avoparcin with or without progesterone-estradiol (Synovex-S) implants. In exp. 1, 96 crossbred yearling steers were fed diets containing 40% hay crop silage (DM basis) for 168 days. Avoparcin increased (P < 0.05) weight gains (16%) and feed efficiency (16%). Initial Synovex-S implants increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (14%) and feed efficiency (11%). Reimplanting at 112 days tended to further improve (P > 0.05) rate of gain and feed efficiency over initial implanting. In exp. 2, 80 Hereford yearling steers were fed diets containing only 19% corn silage (DM basis) for 98 days. Avoparcin had no effect on weight gain but improved (P > 0.05) feed efficiency (11%). Synovex improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (17%) and feed efficiency (11%). In both experiments treatments produced no effects on carcass measurements except for an increase in warm carcass weight. Also, in both experiments the effects of avoparcin and Synovex on feed efficiency were fully additive. Key words: Growth promotants, implants, feed additives, steers

Effects of feeding high energy or high energy-protein diets to goats

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
N. Patrick ◽  
D. Patrick ◽  
P. A. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Growth, efficiency and carcass traits were evaluated for goats fed barley or a concentrate mix (CM). Goats on the CM showed higher (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) (27.5%), end of test weight (11.6%), hot carcass weight (HCW) (14.9%) and rib-eye area (REA) (14.7%), lower (P < 0.02) concentrate to gain ratio (CG) ratio (22.5%) and no differences (P > 0.05) in concentrate intake (CI) and dressing percent (DP), compared to those on barley. Although feeding the CM improved ADG, CG, HCW and REA, it may be relatively more economical to finish goats on whole barley grain. Key words: Goat, high energy, high protein, growth, rib-eye area

PORK CARCASS GRADING: THE MAGNITUDE OF BREED AND SEX BIASES IN THE PREDICTION OF MEAT YIELD FROM A SINGLE FAT MEASUREMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. RAE ◽  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Sex Biases

The magnitude of breed and sex biases in the prediction of meat yield using a single fat measurement was investigated under commercial conditions. Warm carcasses (n = 174) originating from four purebreeds (Yorkshire, 24 boars, 17 gilts; Landrace, 22 boars, 27 gilts; Hampshire, 24 boars, 15 gilts; Duroc, 21 boars, 24 gilts) weighing close to 80 kg were assessed for fat thickness at the maximum loin with a ruler (current Canadian carcass grading measurement) and at the last rib 70 mm from the midline with a Hennessey Grading Probe. All carcasses were evaluated for retail and lean yield 24 h post-slaughter. At the same carcass weight (78.7 kg), significant differences in both retail and lean yield were found (Hampshire > Landrace; boars > gilts), which largely reflected breed and sex differences in fattening. At the same loin fat thickness (25 mm) breed bias in retail yield amounted to 23 g/kg carcass, while sex bias amounted to only 2 g/kg carcass. At the same last rib, fat thickness breed bias in retail yield was reduced to 12 g/kg carcass, while sex bias increased to 4 g/kg carcass. The effect of changing sites of fat measurement from the loin to the last rib in this study resulted in a substantial reduction in breed bias (1.81 kg to 0.98 kg of retail yield), but to increased sex bias (0.15 kg to 0.28 kg of retail yield). Similar trends were found when lean yield was used as the base instead of retail yield. Prediction equations for retail and lean yield were found to be more precise using last rib fat thickness than those using the maximum loin fat measurement. It was concluded that breed bias would be reduced if last rib fat thickness was used to predict the meat content of pork carcasses. Key words: Boar, breed, gilt, pork grading, pork carcass, meat yield

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