Post-weaning growth rate effects on body composition of Nellore bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Luiz H. P. Silva ◽  
Pedro V. R. Paulino ◽  
Pedro D. B. Benedeti ◽  
Mauricio M. Estrada ◽  
Lyvian C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rate Effects

Context Previously feed-restricted cattle may exhibit compensatory growth during the finishing phase. However, the efficiency in converting feed into carcass should be evaluated since cattle undergoing compensatory growth usually have high non-carcass weight gain. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth rate throughout the post-weaning growing phase on subsequent feed efficiency, carcass gain, and gain composition. Methods Thirty-nine weaned young Nellore bulls averaging 230.4 ± 5.62 kg of bodyweight and 8.5 ± 0.25 months of age were used. Initially, five bulls were slaughtered as a reference initial group. The remaining bulls were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional plans to achieve Low (0 kg/day), Medium (0.6 kg/day) or High (1.2 kg/day) average daily gain (ADG) throughout the post-weaning growing phase, followed by high growth rate during the finishing phase. One-half of the bulls from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the post-weaning growing phase, and the other one-half after the finishing phase. During both phases the feed intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and body composition were evaluated. Key results Throughout the post-weaning growing phase, High bulls had greater ADG and more efficiently converted feed into carcass, compared with other nutritional plans (P < 0.01). Throughout the finishing phase, Low bulls had greater ADG, carcass gain, and feed efficiency than High and Medium bulls (P < 0.01). Previous feed restriction did not affect (P > 0.05) apparent digestibility. During the finishing phase, previously restricted bulls fully compensated for the lost visceral organ weight, whereas the losses of bodyweight and carcass weight were only partially compensated. Throughout finishing, Low bulls had the greatest feed efficiency and profitability among nutritional plans. However, considering the overall experiment, Hight bulls converted feed into carcass more efficiently than Low bulls (P = 0.02), but did not differ from Medium (P > 0.05). Conclusions Although previously restricted bulls had greater performance and efficiency throughout finishing, the improvement was not enough to reach the same carcass weight at the same age of the unrestricted bulls. Implications Despite the greater profitability of previously restricted bulls throughout finishing, unrestricted bulls were more profitable considering both growing and finishing phases.

scholarly journals Implanting Melatonin at Lambing Enhances Lamb Growth and Maintains High Fat Content in Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alfonso Abecia ◽  
Silvia Luis ◽  
Francisco Canto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown that melatonin implants administered during pregnancy reduced neonatal lamb mortality and produced high survival rates at weaning. This study was designed to quantify the effects of melatonin implantation of ewes and lambs immediately after lambing on the growth of lambs and the quality of milk throughout lactation.Results: In experiment 1, treatment with melatonin the lambs did not have a significant effect on liveweight (LW) (±S.E.M.) at weaning or average daily gain (ADG) until weaning. These results were similar in experiment 2, although lambs reared by melatonin-implanted ewes presented significantly (P<0.05) higher LW at weaning and ADG than did lambs from control ewes. The effect of melatonin implantation of the mothers was particularly evident in male lambs, so that male lambs reared by treated ewes presented significantly higher LW at week 2, 3, and 4 than did male lambs reared by control ewes. The fat content of milk was significantly (P<0.05) higher in implanted ewes than it was in control ewes at day 45 of lactation. Protein and lactose content of milk did not differ significantly between groups. In experiment 3, using artificially-reared lambs, melatonin treatment of the lambs at birth did not have a significant effect on LW at weaning, or ADG. Conclusions: Melatonin treatment of ewes at lambing induced a high growth rate of their lambs and increased the fat content of the milk; however, the direct treatment with melatonin of the lambs at birth did not have an effect in their growth rate.

scholarly journals Mapping main, epistatic and sex-specific QTL for body composition in a chicken population divergently selected for low or high growth rate

BMC Genomics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina A Ankra-Badu ◽  
Daniel Shriner ◽  
Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval ◽  
Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau ◽  
Frédérique Pitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Chicken Population

Exploring SiC Growth Limitation of Vapor-Liquid-Solid Mechanism when Using Two Different Carbon Precursors

2013 ◽  
Vol 740-742 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Kassem Alassaad ◽  
François Cauwet ◽  
Davy Carole ◽  
Véronique Soulière ◽  
Gabriel Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Growth Limitation ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid Mechanism ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Abstract. In this paper, conditions for obtaining high growth rate during epitaxial growth of SiC by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism are investigated. The alloys studied were Ge-Si, Al-Si and Al-Ge-Si with various compositions. Temperature was varied between 1100 and 1300°C and the carbon precursor was either propane or methane. The variation of layers thickness was studied at low and high precursor partial pressure. It was found that growth rates obtained with both methane and propane are rather similar at low precursor partial pressures. However, when using Ge based melts, the use of high propane flux leads to the formation of a SiC crust on top of the liquid, which limits the growth by VLS. But when methane is used, even at extremely high flux (up to 100 sccm), no crust could be detected on top of the liquid while the deposit thickness was still rather small (between 1.12 μm and 1.30 μm). When using Al-Si alloys, no crust was also observed under 100 sccm methane but the thickness was as high as 11.5 µm after 30 min growth. It is proposed that the upper limitation of VLS growth rate depends mainly on C solubility of the liquid phase.

Very High Growth Rate of 4H-SiC Using MTS as Chloride-Based Precursor

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pedersen ◽  
Stefano Leone ◽  
Anne Henry ◽  
Franziska Christine Beyer ◽  
Vanya Darakchieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
Very High

The chlorinated precursor methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), CH3SiCl3, has been used to grow epitaxial layers of 4H-SiC in a hot wall CVD reactor, with growth rates as high as 170 µm/h at 1600°C. Since MTS contains both silicon and carbon, with the C/Si ratio 1, MTS was used both as single precursor and mixed with silane or ethylene to study the effect of the C/Si and Cl/Si ratios on growth rate and doping of the epitaxial layers. When using only MTS as precursor, the growth rate showed a linear dependence on the MTS molar fraction in the reactor up to about 100 µm/h. The growth rate dropped for C/Si < 1 but was constant for C/Si > 1. Further, the growth rate decreased with lower Cl/Si ratio.

Emission characteristics of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell nanowire-based LEDs with different p-GaN growth conditions

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Katsuro ◽  
Weifang Lu ◽  
Kazuma Ito ◽  
Nanami Nakayama ◽  
Naoki Sone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Light Output ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Plane Region

Abstract Improving current injection into r- and m-planes of nanowires (NWs) is essential to realizing efficient GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell (MQS) NW-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we present the effects of different p-GaN shell growth conditions on the emission characteristics of MQS NW-LEDs. Firstly, a comparison between cathodoluminescence (CL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra indicates that the emission in NW-LEDs originates from the top region of the NWs. By growing thick p-GaN shells, the variable emission peak at around 600 nm and degradation of the light output of the NW-LEDs are elaborated, which is attributable to the localization of current in the c-plane region with various In-rich clusters and deep-level defects. Utilizing a high growth rate of p-GaN shell, an increased r-plane and a reduced c-plane region promote the deposition of indium tin oxide layer over the entire NW. Therefore, the current is effectively injected into both the r- and m-planes of the NW structures. Consequently, the light output and EL peak intensity of the NW-LEDs are enhanced by factors of 4.3 and 13.8, respectively, under an injection current of 100 mA. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscope images demonstrate the suppression of dislocations, triangular defects, and stacking faults at the apex of the p-GaN shell with a high growth rate. Therefore, localization of current injection in nonradiative recombination centers near the c-plane was also inhibited. Our results emphasize the possibility of realizing high efficacy in NW-LEDs via optimal p-GaN shell growth conditions, which is quite promising for application in the long-wavelength region.

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