scholarly journals DIGESTIBILITY OF PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND ENZYME-TREATED PEA FLOUR IN MILK REPLACERS FOR CALVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
G. F. ROYAN ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Milk Replacers

In an experiment involving enzymatically hydrolyzed pea flour (HPF) and pea protein concentrate (PPC) to provide half the dietary protein in milk replacers, the pea protein was found to be about 25% digestible by calves under 2 wk of age and 65 to 70% digestible by calves 3 wk of age. The younger calves digested 42 to 53% of the pea starch; older calves digested 63 to 84%. The digestibility of dry matter, protein, energy and ether extract increased with calf age (P < 0.01). In the second trial, involving PPC at 7.7, 15.4 and 23.1% of the dry matter in milk replacers, and providing 19, 33 and 46% of the dietary protein, the digestibility coefficients for dry matter, disregarding calf age, declined from 90 to 86% as PPC increased from 15.4 to 23.1%, but the low and intermediate PPC diets were equally well digested. The reduction was due mainly to the corresponding reduction in protein digestibility. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, protein, energy, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract for milk replacer diets containing 23.1% PPC exceeded 81% with calves over 14 days old. The third experiment involved feeding the control milk replacer until the calves were 2 wk old, then commencing the feeding of PPC and HPF replacers, using formulas similar to those of the first experiment. The digestibility coefficients were similar to those of the first experiment, indicating that the observed improvement in older calves was primarily a function of calf age and not markedly influenced by the formula of the diet. These studies indicate that PPC and HPF are not satisfactory ingredients in milk replacers to be fed to calves under 2 wk of age, but, though less digestible than milk, are effectively digested thereafter.

ALKALI TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN PROTEIN CONCENTRATE IN MILK REPLACERS: ITS EFFECTS ON DIGESTION, NITROGEN RETENTION, AND GROWTH OF LAMBS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate ◽  
Milk Replacers

Alkali treatment to disperse a soybean protein concentrate (SPC) was studied in two milk replacer experiments, in which the SPC supplied 50% of the total nitrogen. In experiment 1, six lambs were used in a double 3 × 3 latin square digestion and nitrogen balance trial. The three treatments of the SPC in the milk replacer were: control (no alkali), alkali 1 (0.05 N NaOH at 40 C, neutralized with HCl after 15 min), and alkali 2 (same as 1, but neutralized after 18 hr at 5 C). The remainder of the diet ingredients were homogenized with a Polytron. Alkali treatment increased digestibility of dry matter (91, 93, and 95%, P < 0.01, on the three treatments, respectively), nitrogen, and energy, but tended to reduce the percent of absorbed nitrogen that was retained (63, 61, and 60%, P < 0.20). The control (complete diet prepared with the Polytron) and alkali 1 treatments were compared in a growth and metabolism trial in experiment 2. Growth of a total of 19 lambs from about 4 days to weaning from milk replacer at 26 days of age tended to be lower on the alkali-treated than the control SPC milk replacer (179 vs. 215 g/day, P < 0.20); however, growth to 10 weeks of age was similar for both groups and averaged 250 g/day.

NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND NITROGEN RETENTION BY LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING SOLVENT-EXTRACTED OR FULL-FAT PRODUCTS FROM DIFFERENT RAPESEED CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Heated Water ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Milk Replacers

Bronowski, Oro and Tower rapeseed were dehulled, heated, and water- and solvent-extracted to produce a protein concentrate (RPC) or only dehulled, heated and water-extracted to produce a full-fat rapeseed material (FFRS). These materials were added to lamb milk replacers to provide up to 50% of the dietary protein. RPC materials from the three cultivars were highly digestible (89% or more of dry matter) and produced similar values for nitrogen retention (60% of intake) by lambs. The FFRS materials were poorly digested (79% of dry matter or less) and generally decreased lamb performance. When the FFRS was passed through a colloid mill, digestibility values and retention of nitrogen increased to values equivalent to those obtained with RPC. Homogenization of the colloid-milled FFRS did not further improve its nutritive value for preruminant lambs. Thus, low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed which has been dehulled, heated, water-extracted and colloid-milled is a good source of protein and energy for lamb milk replacers.

UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN FROM PEAS, BARLEY, BUTTERMILK POWDER AND SOYBEAN MEAL BY EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
N. M. PARRA DE SOLANO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Buttermilk Powder ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Barley Protein

Six pairs of newly weaned 21-day-old pigs were assigned to each of four diets where 80% of the dietary protein originated from soybean meal (SBM), buttermilk powder, barley protein concentrate or pea protein concentrate (PPC). The remainder of the protein came from naked oats. From 21 to 42 days of age, daily gains on the SBM (327 g) and buttermilk powder diets (355 g) did not differ, but were lower (P < 0.05) on the barley protein concentrate (259 g) and PPC (171 g) diets. Daily feed intake was less (P < 0.05) for the PPC diet (262 g) than for the SBM, buttermilk powder or barley protein concentrate diets (448, 445 and 368 g, respectively). Apparent digestibility of dietary crude protein increased by 5–10 percentage points from 28 to 41 days of age. On the basis of the known protein digestibility of the naked oats, and using the mean protein digestibility value of each diet, the protein digestibility of each protein source was calculated to be: SBM, 76%; buttermilk powder 86%; barley protein concentrate, 86%; and PPC, 69%. In a second experiment, diets were formulated so that PPC supplied 0, 27, 53 or 80% of the dietary protein. There was a general decline in growth rate and in feed intake as pea protein increased, with a marked decrease in growth rate at the final PPC increment. It is suggested that PPC should not contribute more than 27% of the dietary protein (10% of the diet) for weanling pigs. Key words: Weanling pigs, pea protein, buttermilk powder, barley protein, soybean meal, digestibility

DIGESTIBILITY OF PEA PROTEINS BY PRE-RUMINANT CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Pea Proteins ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two milk replacers, formulated to provide one-half the dietary protein from either pea protein concentrate (PPC) or pea protein isolate (PPI), were compared with a milk replacer based on reconstituted skim milk (SM). The milk replacers were fed to pre-ruminant Holstein-Friesian calves aged 3–23 days and dry matter and protein digestibilities were determined. The mean protein digestibilities of the SM (control) and PPI milk replacer were 84.0 and 75.4%, respectively (the difference was not statistically significant), and were greatly superior to that of the PPC milk replacer (47.5%). The PPC contained, on dry matter basis, 61.2% protein, 5.5% starch and 9.8% total sugars. The sugars detected were sucrose (3.7%), raffinose (1.5%), stachyose (3.3%) and verbascose (2.5%). The PPI contained 92.8% protein and less than 1.0% starch or total sugars; the only sugar detected was sucrose (0.7%). Lactose was the only sugar present in SM. Although other factors cannot be ruled out, it was concluded that starch and oligosaccharides were mainly responsible for the poor digestibility of the pea proteins in the PPC milk replacer.

DIGESTIBILITY OF MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING RAPESEED OIL, FED TO DAIRY CALVES UNDER A MONTH OLD

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
SANDRA C. M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Time Utilization ◽  
Milk Replacers

Sixteen calves 3–28 days of age were fed milk replacers containing 15% added fat with 0, 5, 10 or 15% rapeseed oil (27% erucic acid) substituting for lard. The protein in these replacers was entirely of milk origin. The rapeseed oil was 69% digestible, compared to 94% for the lard, and its use resulted in depression of the digestibility of protein from 80 to 66% as the portion of rapeseed oil rose from 0 to 15%. Three calves were fed a milk replacer containing 10% lard and 10% rapeseed oil, in which 60% of the protein of milk origin was replaced by protein from fish protein concentrate and from brewers’ yeast. The calves showed progressive improvement in their ability to digest amino acids in successive 2-day periods. Average amino acid digestibility increased from 72% at 4–6 days of age to 87% at 16–18 days of age, at which time utilization about equalled that expected on milk-origin diets.

EFFECTS OF MILK, FISH, AND SOYBEAN PROTEINS IN MILK REPLACEES, AND FEEDING FREQUENCY ON PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CALVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
H. E. POWER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two experiments were carried out with Holstein heifer calves to determine the effect of supplying a major portion of the protein in milk replacers by isopropanol-extracted protein concentrate from whole herring (FPC) or a mixture of FPC and soybean protein concentrate (SPC). Milk replacers were compared with whole milk in experiment 1. All calves were abruptly weaned when consuming 0.5 kg starter/day, or by 5 weeks of age. Calf performance was similar when the pre-weaning liquid diet was whole milk, or milk replacers containing either milk protein or 50% of the protein from FPC. Average daily gains to weaning and to 26 weeks of age for all calves were 377 and 692 g/day, respectively. Calves in experiment 2 were fed either an all-milk protein milk replacer or one containing 98% of the protein equally from FPC and SPC. Both milk replacers were fed once daily either six or seven times per week. Calf growth to weaning was lower on the FPC–SPC formula (283 vs. 364 g/day, P < 0.01), but was not significantly different (P < 0.05) to 15 weeks of age (618 vs. 643 g/day). Feeding milk replacer six vs. seven times per week had no significant effect on calf growth. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy were similar in bull calves fed the all-milk or FPC–SPC protein milk replacers, but retention of absorbed nitrogen was less on the latter diet (54 vs. 45%, P < 0.10).

scholarly journals Formulasi Susu Pengganti dan Evaluasi Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Anak Domba Kembar

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Asep Sudarman ◽  
Harun Fatmiati ◽  
Lilis Khotijah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

The purpose of this experiment was to formulate and evaluate milk replacer on the production performance of twin lambs from before weaning to one month after weaning. Three pairs of twin lambs aged two weeks with a body weight of 3.83 ± 0.4 kg were divided into two groups, each consisting of three lambs. The treatments applied were PSI = lamb given mother's milk and PMR = lamb given milk replacer. Pre-weaning dry matter consumption data were analyzed descriptively and other data were analyzed using the T-test. The results showed that the dry matter consumption lambs that were given milk replacers in pre-weaning was 164.18 ± 31.25 g/head/day with the largest proportion coming from milk replacers (61.4%). PSI group lambs had dry matter and energy consumption after weaning, daily gain before and after weaning, and body weight when weaned were significantly higher (P <0.05) than the PMR group lambs. However, the ratio of feed conversion and body weight at 90 days in the two groups of lamb were not significantly different. All lambs were healthy and no one died. It is concluded that formulated milk replacer provides production performance in lambs that are equivalent to lambs fed with mother's milk.

scholarly journals PSIII-38 Pepsin-pancreatin protein digestibility of various protein sources intended for pet food

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Megan E Morts ◽  
Ingrid Silva
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Pet food companies need quality protein ingredients to offer new and different options for pet owners. Evaluating these proteins with animal feeding trials are time consuming and expensive. An in vitro (benchtop) method could provide detailed information about protein quality for novel ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to develop a pepsin-pancreatin digestibility assay and determine the appropriate incubation time for enzyme hydrolysis to approximate results from animal studies. Ingredients evaluated were faba beans, navy beans, spray-dried granulated egg, chick pea, pea protein concentrate (72% CP and 50% CP), green field peas, and sunflower meal. One gram of test ingredient was mixed with an HCl-pepsin solution and then incubated for 3 or 6 hours at 37°C before NaOH was added, stopping the pepsin reaction. Phosphate buffer with pancreatin was then added and the tubes were incubated for an additional 18 hours. Samples were then centrifuged, washed, filtered, and dried at 105°C overnight. Residual protein was determined with a modified Kjeldahl assay and was used to calculate protein digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure for mixed models (SAS v 9.4, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). There was no interaction between test ingredient and time (P = 0.63). Incubation time did not influence protein digestibility (P = 0.69). Test ingredient did impact protein digestibility. Spray-dried granulated egg, faba bean, green field pea, and pea protein concentrate (50% CP) did not differ with digestibilities above 97% (P &lt; 0.0001). Navy bean had a digestibility of 93%. The lowest digestibilities were sunflower meal and pea protein concentrate (72% CP). Overall, the crude protein digestibility was higher than expected. This data would suggest other factors, such as the amount and activity of the enzyme used, should be altered to obtain digestibility values that are consistent with reported values from animal studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation on the Protein Digestibility and Levels of Non-Nutritive Compounds of Pea Protein Concentrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Çabuk ◽  
◽  
Matthew G. Nosworthy ◽  
Andrea K. Stone ◽  
Darren R. Korber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Pea Protein
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