UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN FROM PEAS, BARLEY, BUTTERMILK POWDER AND SOYBEAN MEAL BY EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
N. M. PARRA DE SOLANO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Buttermilk Powder ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Barley Protein

Six pairs of newly weaned 21-day-old pigs were assigned to each of four diets where 80% of the dietary protein originated from soybean meal (SBM), buttermilk powder, barley protein concentrate or pea protein concentrate (PPC). The remainder of the protein came from naked oats. From 21 to 42 days of age, daily gains on the SBM (327 g) and buttermilk powder diets (355 g) did not differ, but were lower (P < 0.05) on the barley protein concentrate (259 g) and PPC (171 g) diets. Daily feed intake was less (P < 0.05) for the PPC diet (262 g) than for the SBM, buttermilk powder or barley protein concentrate diets (448, 445 and 368 g, respectively). Apparent digestibility of dietary crude protein increased by 5–10 percentage points from 28 to 41 days of age. On the basis of the known protein digestibility of the naked oats, and using the mean protein digestibility value of each diet, the protein digestibility of each protein source was calculated to be: SBM, 76%; buttermilk powder 86%; barley protein concentrate, 86%; and PPC, 69%. In a second experiment, diets were formulated so that PPC supplied 0, 27, 53 or 80% of the dietary protein. There was a general decline in growth rate and in feed intake as pea protein increased, with a marked decrease in growth rate at the final PPC increment. It is suggested that PPC should not contribute more than 27% of the dietary protein (10% of the diet) for weanling pigs. Key words: Weanling pigs, pea protein, buttermilk powder, barley protein, soybean meal, digestibility

scholarly journals DIGESTIBILITY OF PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND ENZYME-TREATED PEA FLOUR IN MILK REPLACERS FOR CALVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
G. F. ROYAN ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Milk Replacers

In an experiment involving enzymatically hydrolyzed pea flour (HPF) and pea protein concentrate (PPC) to provide half the dietary protein in milk replacers, the pea protein was found to be about 25% digestible by calves under 2 wk of age and 65 to 70% digestible by calves 3 wk of age. The younger calves digested 42 to 53% of the pea starch; older calves digested 63 to 84%. The digestibility of dry matter, protein, energy and ether extract increased with calf age (P < 0.01). In the second trial, involving PPC at 7.7, 15.4 and 23.1% of the dry matter in milk replacers, and providing 19, 33 and 46% of the dietary protein, the digestibility coefficients for dry matter, disregarding calf age, declined from 90 to 86% as PPC increased from 15.4 to 23.1%, but the low and intermediate PPC diets were equally well digested. The reduction was due mainly to the corresponding reduction in protein digestibility. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, protein, energy, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract for milk replacer diets containing 23.1% PPC exceeded 81% with calves over 14 days old. The third experiment involved feeding the control milk replacer until the calves were 2 wk old, then commencing the feeding of PPC and HPF replacers, using formulas similar to those of the first experiment. The digestibility coefficients were similar to those of the first experiment, indicating that the observed improvement in older calves was primarily a function of calf age and not markedly influenced by the formula of the diet. These studies indicate that PPC and HPF are not satisfactory ingredients in milk replacers to be fed to calves under 2 wk of age, but, though less digestible than milk, are effectively digested thereafter.

scholarly journals Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Golder ◽  
James L. Weemhoff ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Rice Protein ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Protein Absorption ◽  
Corn Gluten

This retrospective study used 226 dogs and 296 cats to evaluate whether protein absorption was influenced by species, and within species, what influence increasing the percentage of total dietary protein, as plant protein, had on protein absorption. Each food was evaluated by at least one study with a minimum of six dogs or cats assigned to each study. Dietary inclusion of animal and plant based protein was calculated by analysis of ingredients and dietary inclusion level. Both dogs and cats were able to digest dietary plant protein, with protein digestibility in dogs unchanged as plant protein increased, while in cats, eating dry food, an increase in plant protein, was associated with increased protein digestibility. When individual plant high-concentration protein sources (excluding the protein from whole grains) were evaluated (i.e., soybean meal, soybean protein isolate, corn gluten meal, and rice protein concentrate) there was no response to increasing protein from these sources in the dog. In the cat, there was a significant positive effect on protein digestibility associated with an increasing concentration of corn gluten meal. In summary, as the dietary protein shifted from striated muscle and other animal proteins to plant based proteins, there was no effect in the dog, while in cats, increasing dietary plant protein was associated with increasing protein digestibility (5.5% increase at 50% protein from plants in dry cat food). Protein digestibility of food in dogs and cats is similar, if not enhanced, when the plant protein sources are concentrated from soybeans (soybean isolate, soybean meal), corn (corn gluten meal), or rice (rice protein concentrate).

THE INVOLVEMENT OF DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND CHILLING IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DIARRHEA IN NEWLY WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. POUTEAUX ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
C. S. RHODES
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Buttermilk Powder ◽  
Dietary Protein Source

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the involvement of dietary protein and short-term chilling on the incidence of diarrhea and on transit time of digesta in pigs weaned at 3–4 wk of age. The three protein sources used were buttermilk powder (BMP), soybean meal (SBM) or pea protein concentrate (PPC), which provided 85% of the dietary protein. In exp. 1, 72 pigs were exposed to a 16 °C decrease in ambient temperature for 8 h on day 4 of a 9-day feeding trial; 72 pigs were not chilled. The pigs on the PPC diet gained less (539 g) (P < 0.05) than pigs on BMP (1183 g) or SBM (952 g) although intakes were similar. Neither diet nor chilling affected fecal moisture content or the incidence of diarrhea. The PPC ration increased (P < 0.05) transit time (slowed rate of passage) on day 8. Chilling on day 4 decreased (P < 0.05) transit time (18.7 vs. 25.6 h) on that day. Neither protein source nor chilling caused differences in total or coliform bacteria isolated from fecal samples on blood agar or MacConkey's agar. In exp. 2, eight chilled and nine control pigs were euthanized and the quantity of three markers in six segments of the gastrointestinal tract was determined. The PPC diet passed more slowly than the other diets. In chilled pigs, the chromic oxide front was closer to the anus, indicating an increased rate of passage. It was concluded that the severity of the cold exposure was not suffficient to induce diarrhea and that there was no interaction between the effects of chilling and of dietary protein. There was, however, a tendency for chilling to increase the rate of passage of digesta which could have an additive effect on the severity of nutritional diarrhea. Key words: Pigs, weaning, diarrhea, protein, cold, transit time.

BIOTIN BIOAVAILABILITY FROM PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND CEREAL GRAINS FOR WEANLING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. BLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Linear Portion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Cereal Grain

The biological availability of biotin in canola meal (CM), cereal grain, cereal grain plus CM, and soybean meal (SBM) was estimated, using 140 pigs in the 10- to 20-kg weight range. In exp. I, pigs (six/treatment) were individually housed and fed a basal casein-cornstarch diet with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 μg d-biotin kg−1 to generate data for a dose-response curve based on plasma biotin concentration. Other pigs were fed CM, SBM or soyprotein isolate (SPI) included in the diet. In exp. II, pigs were housed in pairs and four pairs were fed diets based on cereal grain or cereal grain plus CM. Results (exp. I) showed a higher correlation between daily biotin intake and plasma biotin (r = 0.835, P < 0.01) than on growth rate (r = 0.627, P < 0.05). The regression for plasma biotin (Y) on biotin intake (X) computed from the linear portion of the curve (i.e., 0-200 μg added biotin kg−1) was[Formula: see text]Biotin bioavailability in various feedstuffs was highest for corn (101.2%), followed by SBM (85.5%), CM (70.9%), and wheat (33.3%), triticale (25.9%), sorghum (25.1%) and barley (24.0%). Key words: Biotin bioavailability, protein supplements, cereal grains, swine

scholarly journals PSIII-38 Pepsin-pancreatin protein digestibility of various protein sources intended for pet food

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Megan E Morts ◽  
Ingrid Silva
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Pet food companies need quality protein ingredients to offer new and different options for pet owners. Evaluating these proteins with animal feeding trials are time consuming and expensive. An in vitro (benchtop) method could provide detailed information about protein quality for novel ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to develop a pepsin-pancreatin digestibility assay and determine the appropriate incubation time for enzyme hydrolysis to approximate results from animal studies. Ingredients evaluated were faba beans, navy beans, spray-dried granulated egg, chick pea, pea protein concentrate (72% CP and 50% CP), green field peas, and sunflower meal. One gram of test ingredient was mixed with an HCl-pepsin solution and then incubated for 3 or 6 hours at 37°C before NaOH was added, stopping the pepsin reaction. Phosphate buffer with pancreatin was then added and the tubes were incubated for an additional 18 hours. Samples were then centrifuged, washed, filtered, and dried at 105°C overnight. Residual protein was determined with a modified Kjeldahl assay and was used to calculate protein digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure for mixed models (SAS v 9.4, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). There was no interaction between test ingredient and time (P = 0.63). Incubation time did not influence protein digestibility (P = 0.69). Test ingredient did impact protein digestibility. Spray-dried granulated egg, faba bean, green field pea, and pea protein concentrate (50% CP) did not differ with digestibilities above 97% (P &lt; 0.0001). Navy bean had a digestibility of 93%. The lowest digestibilities were sunflower meal and pea protein concentrate (72% CP). Overall, the crude protein digestibility was higher than expected. This data would suggest other factors, such as the amount and activity of the enzyme used, should be altered to obtain digestibility values that are consistent with reported values from animal studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation on the Protein Digestibility and Levels of Non-Nutritive Compounds of Pea Protein Concentrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Çabuk ◽  
◽  
Matthew G. Nosworthy ◽  
Andrea K. Stone ◽  
Darren R. Korber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Pea Protein

scholarly journals Subsitusi Protein Hewani dengan Tepung Kedelai dan Khamir Laut untuk Pakan Patin (Pangasius sp.) dan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Mivida Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Marine Yeast ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this research was to know protein and energy digestibilities of marine yeast, as substitution for soybean meal in the ration of patin (Pangasius sp.) and humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis).This experiment used completely randomized design with four treatments in triplicates. The treatments were R1 (100% animal protein); R2 (90% animal protein+10% soybean meal); R3 (90% animal protein+5% soybean meal+5% marine yeast); and R4 (90% animal protein+10% marine yeast). The digestibility of protein in ration of patin was significantly different (P<0.01). Marine yeast in patin ration also improved the growth rate (P<0.05). Substitution soybean meal with marine yeast in ration of patin was not influence the energy digestibility and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P>0.05). Rations with 5 and 10% of marine yeast improved energy and protein digestibility, growth rate and decreased the FCR. Digestibilities of protein and energy, growth rate and FCR in humpback grouper were significantly different (P<0.01) among treatments. Marine yeast in ration of humpback grouper increased digestibilities of protein and energy. However, substitution of animal protein with soybean meal and marine yeast decreased growth rate and improve FRC in humpback grouper.

The effect of dietary enzyme supplementation of rye- and barley-based diets on digestion and subsequent performance in weanling pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Patience ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
H. L. Classen ◽  
J. Inborr
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of xylanase (850 U g−1) supplementation of a rye and soybean meal-based diet (exp. 1) and β-glucanase (1086 U g−1) supplementation of a barley- and soybean-meal-based diet (exp. 2) on the progress of protein and starch digestion throughout the small intestine. In each experiment, 12 weanling pigs per treatment were fed the experimental diet for a 10-d period, at the end of which feed intake and weight gain were recorded and samples of digesta were collected from the small intestine, colon and rectum. Xylanase supplementation did not result in any improvement in rate or efficiency of gain, feed intake, starch or protein digestibility (P > 0.05). Digesta viscosity was increased by enzyme supplementation in some sections of the small intestine. β-glucanase supplementation resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in rate of gain and improved protein digestibility in the colon and in the last three-quarters of the small intestine, but had no effect on starch digestibility. In conclusion, β-glucanase supplementation of barley/SBM-based diets for young weanling pigs was of benefit whereas pentosanase supplementation of rye/SBM-based diets was not. Key words: Swine, pentosanase, β-glucanase, digestion, barley, rye

scholarly journals Effects of dietary soy isoflavones and soy protein source on response of weanling pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2989-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Nicole Smith ◽  
Antrison Morris ◽  
Maci Lynn Oelschlager ◽  
Jordan Connor ◽  
Ryan Neil Dilger
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Young Pigs

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most prevalent disease of swine globally. Infection of weanling pigs with PRRSV leads to a complex immune response resulting in significant disease and decreased growth performance. Previous experimental evidence suggests that increasing concentrations of soybean meal in the diet of young pigs confer benefits in terms of growth performance and immune parameters. The objective of this experiment was to identify potential modes of action for this benefit, specifically the ability for soy-derived isoflavones (ISF) to confer immunological benefits to young pigs infected with PRRSV. Four dietary treatments differing in soy protein source (soy protein concentrate vs. enzyme-treated soybean meal) and ISF supplementation (none vs. 1,500 mg total ISF/kg) were fed; the control diet (CON) contained soy protein concentrate and no supplemental ISF. Weanling pigs (60 barrows, 21 d of age, 5.71 ± 0.44 kg) from a naturally Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh)–infected source herd were individually housed in disease containment chambers and provided ad libitum access to experimental diets for 7 d before receiving either a sham inoculation or a 9.28 × 103 50% tissue culture infective dose of PRRSV at 28 d of age (0 d postinoculation). A total of 5 experimental treatments included an uninfected group receiving the CON diet, plus four infected groups each receiving a different dietary treatment. Growth performance and rectal temperatures were recorded throughout the study, and blood was collected for quantification of serum PRRSV load, presence of anti-PRRSV antibodies, differential complete blood counts, cytokine concentrations, and T-cell immunophenotyping. Data were analyzed as a 2-way or 3-way ANOVA for all treatments including PRRSV-infected pigs, in addition to a single degree of freedom contrast to compare uninfected and infected pigs receiving the CON diet. PRRSV-infection reduced growth rate and efficiency compared with noninfected controls with minimal influences by ISF. Supplemental ISF reduced PRRSV-induced band neutrophilia and improved cytotoxic-to-helper T-cell ratios. These results suggest that ISF contribute to activation of adaptive immune system pathways and could benefit recovery from and clearance of PRRSV infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document