NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND NITROGEN RETENTION BY LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING SOLVENT-EXTRACTED OR FULL-FAT PRODUCTS FROM DIFFERENT RAPESEED CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Heated Water ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Milk Replacers

Bronowski, Oro and Tower rapeseed were dehulled, heated, and water- and solvent-extracted to produce a protein concentrate (RPC) or only dehulled, heated and water-extracted to produce a full-fat rapeseed material (FFRS). These materials were added to lamb milk replacers to provide up to 50% of the dietary protein. RPC materials from the three cultivars were highly digestible (89% or more of dry matter) and produced similar values for nitrogen retention (60% of intake) by lambs. The FFRS materials were poorly digested (79% of dry matter or less) and generally decreased lamb performance. When the FFRS was passed through a colloid mill, digestibility values and retention of nitrogen increased to values equivalent to those obtained with RPC. Homogenization of the colloid-milled FFRS did not further improve its nutritive value for preruminant lambs. Thus, low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed which has been dehulled, heated, water-extracted and colloid-milled is a good source of protein and energy for lamb milk replacers.

ALKALI TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN PROTEIN CONCENTRATE IN MILK REPLACERS: ITS EFFECTS ON DIGESTION, NITROGEN RETENTION, AND GROWTH OF LAMBS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate ◽  
Milk Replacers

Alkali treatment to disperse a soybean protein concentrate (SPC) was studied in two milk replacer experiments, in which the SPC supplied 50% of the total nitrogen. In experiment 1, six lambs were used in a double 3 × 3 latin square digestion and nitrogen balance trial. The three treatments of the SPC in the milk replacer were: control (no alkali), alkali 1 (0.05 N NaOH at 40 C, neutralized with HCl after 15 min), and alkali 2 (same as 1, but neutralized after 18 hr at 5 C). The remainder of the diet ingredients were homogenized with a Polytron. Alkali treatment increased digestibility of dry matter (91, 93, and 95%, P < 0.01, on the three treatments, respectively), nitrogen, and energy, but tended to reduce the percent of absorbed nitrogen that was retained (63, 61, and 60%, P < 0.20). The control (complete diet prepared with the Polytron) and alkali 1 treatments were compared in a growth and metabolism trial in experiment 2. Growth of a total of 19 lambs from about 4 days to weaning from milk replacer at 26 days of age tended to be lower on the alkali-treated than the control SPC milk replacer (179 vs. 215 g/day, P < 0.20); however, growth to 10 weeks of age was similar for both groups and averaged 250 g/day.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING LOW-ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL ON GROWTH, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, MEAT QUALITY AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TISSUES OF VEAL CALVES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
E. LARMOND ◽  
R. G. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Milk Replacers

Sixteen Holstein bull calves were used during 62–82 days to study the long-term effects of substituting 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the animal fat (tallow) with low-erucic acid rapeseed oil (Span) in milk replacers for veal calves. Growth rates and feed efficiency were affected by the dietary treatments. The highest level of substitution (75%) did not affect the digestibility of the energy or the dry matter, but did decrease average daily gains, feed efficiency and the apparent digestibility of dietary nitrogen (P < 0.05). Nitrogen retention and utilization were not affected by the dietary treatments. The histological analyses of various internal organs did not reveal any treatment effects. The evaluation of carcass quality showed no differences in flavor but there was a non-linear decrease in tenderness of the meat with increasing levels of rapeseed oil in the diets. The 75% level of substitution resulted in tougher meat than the 25% level treatment.

LOW-GLUCOSINOLATE, LOW-ERUCIC ACID FULL-FAT RAPESEED (CV. TOWER) AS A PROTEIN AND ENERGY SOURCE IN LAMB MILK REPLACERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
L. CRAMPTON ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Daily Gain

Dehulled, low-erucic acid–low-glucosinolate, full-fat rapeseed (FFRS), was studied as a protein source in milk replacers for lambs. Before being incorporated into the milk replacers to provide 25% (FFRS-25) or 50% (FFRS-50) of the total dietary protein, the FFRS was either passed through a colloid mill (milled) or left unmilled. When compared with an all-milk protein diet (FFRS-0), inclusion of the unmilled FFRS decreased the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy (P < 0.01). Addition of unmilled FFRS to the milk replacer also decreased N retention (P < 0.01), but did not affect average daily gain. Addition of the milled FFRS to the milk replacers resulted in higher digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy and better retention of nitrogen than when the unmilled FFRS was added. However, the colloid-milled FFRS diet still was not as highly digestible as the all-milk diet. Increasing the level of substitution with milled FFRS from 25 to 50% produced a further decrease of about 4 units in the digestion coefficients and of 9 units in the retention of nitrogen expressed as a percent of the intake. Serum cholesterol levels just prior to and 2 h after feeding were not affected by the dietary treatments. Histology of liver biopsy samples taken at 22 days of age and of hearts and livers at market weight showed no detrimental effect on these organs from feeding low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate FFRS to lambs. Based on growth trials it is concluded that low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate FFRS, after colloid milling, can replace from 25 to 50% of the milk protein and most of the fat in lamb milk replacers without significantly affecting animal performance.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBILITY OF PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND ENZYME-TREATED PEA FLOUR IN MILK REPLACERS FOR CALVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
G. F. ROYAN ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Milk Replacers

In an experiment involving enzymatically hydrolyzed pea flour (HPF) and pea protein concentrate (PPC) to provide half the dietary protein in milk replacers, the pea protein was found to be about 25% digestible by calves under 2 wk of age and 65 to 70% digestible by calves 3 wk of age. The younger calves digested 42 to 53% of the pea starch; older calves digested 63 to 84%. The digestibility of dry matter, protein, energy and ether extract increased with calf age (P < 0.01). In the second trial, involving PPC at 7.7, 15.4 and 23.1% of the dry matter in milk replacers, and providing 19, 33 and 46% of the dietary protein, the digestibility coefficients for dry matter, disregarding calf age, declined from 90 to 86% as PPC increased from 15.4 to 23.1%, but the low and intermediate PPC diets were equally well digested. The reduction was due mainly to the corresponding reduction in protein digestibility. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, protein, energy, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract for milk replacer diets containing 23.1% PPC exceeded 81% with calves over 14 days old. The third experiment involved feeding the control milk replacer until the calves were 2 wk old, then commencing the feeding of PPC and HPF replacers, using formulas similar to those of the first experiment. The digestibility coefficients were similar to those of the first experiment, indicating that the observed improvement in older calves was primarily a function of calf age and not markedly influenced by the formula of the diet. These studies indicate that PPC and HPF are not satisfactory ingredients in milk replacers to be fed to calves under 2 wk of age, but, though less digestible than milk, are effectively digested thereafter.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
L. S. POLIQUIN ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 3. A note on the effect of micronization temperature on the nutritive value of wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Conversion Study

SUMMARY1. In two experiments the nutritive value for the growing pig of wheat which had been micronized at temperatures of 155°, 190° or 220°C, flaked (rolled) and then ground was compared with wheat which had either been ground, or rolled and then ground.2. In the first experiment 60 pigs offered individually, restricted amounts of feed were used in a growth and efficiency of conversion study. In the second experiment 15 pigs were used in digestibility and nitrogen retention studies.3. The highest micronization temperature gave a significant depression in growth rate and in efficiency of conversion of dietary dry matter as compared with the other treatments for which there were no significant differences.

Effect of fishmeal and wheat bran diet on the performance of local lactating cows in Bangladesh

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Khan ◽  
M.A. Akbar ◽  
J.H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Zebu Cows

Nine local (indigenous) Zebu cows of average body weight 156 kg. were used to examine the performance in their first lactation given either fishmeal or wheat bran diets.Fishmeal diet (A) consisted of 11.5 kg urea treated straw, 4 kg green grass and 0.25 kg of fishmeal. This diet contained an estimated 63 MJME, 518 g of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and 146 g of undegraded dietary protein (UDP). The wheat bran diet (B) consisted of 11.6 kg urea treated straw, 4 kg green grass and 0.5 kg wheat bran. This diet contained an estimated 66 MJME, 523 g of RDP and 91 g of UDP. Total dry matter intake of the two diets, A and B were 7.5 and 7.83 kg/d respectively. Therefore the two diets differed mainly in UDP levels. The composition and nutritive value of the ingredients of the two diets are given in Table 1 and 2.

USE OF THE WILLEMS POLYTRON® TO HOMOGENIZE FAT AND DISPERSE INSOLUBLE INGREDIENTS IN HIGH-FAT LIQUID MILK REPLACERS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

The operation of the Willems Polytron® to prepare batches of high-fat (27–35%, air dry basis) milk replacers is described. Most milk replacers were mixed at 40% solids to minimize foaming, and were diluted prior to feeding. The Polytron homogenized fat in liquid mixtures at 55 or 65 C, and partially dispersed insoluble ingredients in soybean, rape-seed, and fish flours. The inclusion of 25% or more of partially delactosed acid whey powder increased the viscosity of the mixtures, and held insoluble ingredients in suspension for several hours. Homogenization of a milk replacer containing 73% skim milk powder and 27% bleachable fancy tallow (3% soybean lecithin added) markedly improved growth (425 vs. 190 g/day), dry matter, nitrogen, and energy digestion (92 vs. 73% for energy) and nitrogen retention (44 vs. 24%) by calves. Calf responses were similar when the liquid diet was homogenized at either 55 or 65 C. Homogenization with 3% soybean lecithin in the tallow increased digestion of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy by chives by 5–6% units (P < 0.2), and Ca by 16% units (P < 0.05) compared with no lecithin. Bleachable fancy or crude tallow and 3% soybean lecithin or 0.2% glyceryl monostearate in the fat gave similar calf responses.

GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION BY CALVES FED MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING MILK AND SOYBEAN PROTEINS, SUPPLEMENTED WITH METHIONINE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate ◽  
Milk Replacers

Milk replacers containing zero (all-milk) or 70% of the total protein from a soybean protein concentrate (soy-milk), with or without methionine supplementation, were fed to Holstein calves. Bull calves digested 91 and 89% of the dry matter (P < 0.05), and 87 and 82% of the nitrogen (P < 0.01) supplied by the all-milk and soy-milk replacers, respectively. Nitrogen retention averaged 41% of that consumed, with no difference due to protein source. DL-methionine (0.1% of the dry replacer) did not increase calf growth or nitrogen retention. Heifer calves fed whole milk, the all-milk replacer or soy-milk replacer plus methionine, and hay and concentrates, gained 496, 550 and 526 g/day, respectively, to weaning at 7 weeks of age (treatment means not significantly different at P < 0.05). Weight gains for these three groups of heifers from 7 to 15 weeks of age were 723, 650 and 599 g/day (significant difference between whole milk and soy-milk at P < 0.05), respectively. It was concluded that the soybean protein concentrate could supply a major portion of the protein in milk replacers for rearing dairy calves.

The effect of source and level of dietary protein on the performance of in-lamb ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Forbes ◽  
J. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the specific effect, if any, of grass protein on the birth weight of lambs born to ewes wintered indoors. Grass meal was used as a substitute for fresh grass, and soya bean meal—representing a more conventional source of protein for winter diets—was compared with it. Both sources of protein were included at two levels, providing a high (90 g or 0·2 lb/day) and a low (45 g or 0·1 lb/day) intake of digestible crude protein.The digestibility of dry matter was significantly higher for the diets containing soya bean meal (67·7%) than for those containing grass meal (58·2%). Dry-matter digestibility was not affected by level of protein intake. The digestibility of crude protein was significantly affected by protein source and level of intake.Lamb birth weights were not significantly affected by source or level of dietary protein. There was a tendency for birth weights to be higher on the diet containing grass meal at low protein intakes. Ewe weight gains during the last eight weeks of gestation were significantly affected by level of dietary protein, and net body weight change was significantly affected by both source and level of protein. Gestation treatments had no effect on the performance of ewes or lambs during the first three weeks of lactation.The retention of nitrogen during the 18th–20th weeks of gestation was affected by both source and level of dietary protein. Mean nitrogen retention was higher with diets containing soya bean meal (5·8 g per day) than with diets containing grass meal (3·6 g per day). There was no correlation between nitrogen retention and lamb birth weight.

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